m& a: THE MEDICAL, FORMULARY: BEI*G A COLLECTION OF PRESCRIPTIONS, DERIVED FROM THE WRITINGS AND PRACTICE OF MANY OF THE MOST EMINENT PHYSICIANS IX " AMERICA AND EUROPE. TO WHICH IS ADDED AN APPENDIX, Containing the usual Dietetic Preparations and Antidotes for Poisons. THE WHOLE ACCOMPANIED WITH A FEW BRIEF PHARMACEUTIC AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS. —V- BY BENJAMIN ELLIS, M. D. PBOFISSOB OF MATERIA MEDICA AND PHABMACX IV THE PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHARMACT. " Morbos antem, non eloquentia aed remidiis curari."— Cch. De Med. Lib. I. FOURTH EDITION, WITH ADDITIONS. \~- ..? PHILADELPHIA: 0>£ -}{? " An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by securing the Copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such Copies, during the times therein mentioned"—And also to the Act, entitled, "An Act supplementary to an Act, entitled, «An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by securing the Copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the Au- thors and Proprietors of such Copies, during the times therein mentioned,' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching Historical and other Prints." D. CALDWELL, Clerk of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. GHIGGS & CO., PRIKTF.R8. ST, OBBAffBtASB St. JS. PROFESSOR OF THF. INS'lTl'UTES AND PRACTICE OF PHYSIC AND CLINICAL PRACTICE, UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, WHOSE TALENTS AND URBANITY Have raised him to the first rank in his Profession, and have acquired for him the Confidence and Esteem OF A LARGE AND ENLIGHTENED COMMUNITY, THE THIRD EDITION OF THIS WORK IS VERY RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY HIS ODLIOED FRIEND, THE AUTHOR. Philadelphia, 1830. ADVERTISEMENT TO THE THIRD EDITION. In preparing a new edition of the Medical For- mulary for publication, we have endeavoured to ren- der the work as complete as the nature of the subject will admit. The materials have been carefully re- vised, and almost every class of medicines augment- ed, by the addition of many prescriptions derived from the periodical journals, standard medical works, and our professional friends. We are chiefly indebted to the writings of M. Majendie, for the formulae relating to the newly dis- covered alkaline remedies. If we have occasionally inserted compounds, which apparently belong to the pharmacopoeia, it was from a conviction of their uti- lity to the country practitioner, and also from the fact, that they are not contained in the ordinary phar- macopoeias. The list of Poisons with their Jlntidotes, has been revised ;—the Index also has been formed on a dif- ferent plan from that of the first edition, and in such a way, that simple medicines, and their numerous compounds, may be referred to at a glance. We cannot close this article without expressing our sincere acknowledgments to our friend Dr. Chap- man, for the very flattering manner in which he has recommended the Medical Formulary to his class in the University of Pennsylvania. Nov. 1830. i CONTENTS. Class I. Emetics.......17 II. Cathartics.......24 Enemata......42 III. Diuretics.......45 IV. Antilithics.......54 V. Diaphoretics ...--- 58 VI. Expectorants.......70 Inhalation -.....84 Fumigation......85 VII. Emmenagogues......86 VIII. Anthelmintics......93 IX. Epispastics.....- 99 Blisters.......100 Issues.......103 Setons.......103 Rubefacients.....105 Escharotics......HI Bougies - - - - - - H8 X. Stimulants - .....H9 XI. Narcotics.......131 XII. Antispasmodics......146 XIII. Sialagogues......151 XIV. Tonics........158 XV. Astringents......l^6 Injections......181 XVI. Absorbents .....195 Appendix, No. I. Dietetics......201 II. Poisons.....209 III. Endermic Medicine, &c. - - - 216 Index ------- 221 PREFACE. The elegant and judicious formation of prescrip- tions is one of the difficulties which the young prac- titioner in medicine is obliged to encounter. While a student, he is compelled from the circumstances under which he is placed, to confine his attention to the leading principles of the science. Consequently the minor points, (and the art of directing medicines is considered one of them,) are postponed to that period when he shall have undertaken the practical duties of his profession. To obviate, in some measure, the inconvenience which the graduate at first experiences, the volume now offered to the public was undertaken and exe- cuted. It contains, in a condensed form, and we think advantageously arranged, many of the most im- portant prescriptions employed in modern practice, and which, though most of them may be already re- corded, are scattered through various medical works. The arrangement framed by Professor Chapman, for his Therapeutics, appearing to combine greater advantages than any other, we have taken the liberty of adopting as the basis of this Formulary. Each class has been sub-divided into Powders, Pills, and Liquids; without any attempt to preserve the different preparations of the same article toge- ther, but only with a view to convenience. A few 2 x PREFACE. concise rules will be found prefixed to each class, and observations have been attached to those pre- scriptions, which possess peculiarities either in their composition or effects. The application of the remedies to diseases has been left to the judgment of the practitioner, and Therapeutical detail as much as possible avoided, as it would have been inconsistent with the nature and design of the work. The object is to furnish models for extemporane- ous formulse, the proportions of which may be either increased or diminished, according to the age, sex, constitution, or idiosyncracy of the patient, all of which are to be taken into consideration when a pre- scription is directed, as well as the climate and pecu- liar epidemic which may be prevailing. The prescriptions have been couched in the Latin language, and the names of the several articles will be found regularly terminated. The design was, to furnish something like a Medical Grammar, to those unacquainted with the dead language; and even those versed in the classics, may occasionally find words used in prescriptions which are new to them. ( A class of Dietetic preparations has been placed in the Appendix, No. I. They are written in the English language, and it is hoped they may be found useful in furnishing directions necessary to be given to the nurse. In the Appendix, No. II. we have arranged those poisons which arc usually taken by accident or de- sign, with their appropriate antidotes and some prac- tical observations. PREFACE. XJ Appendix, No. III. contains some concise remarks on the mode of using remedies on the " endermic plan," as well as the quantities employed, and the ef- fects produced by several of the most potent remedial agents. The materials for the work have been collected from various sources, the writings of different authors, periodical journals, manuscripts, and the contribu- tions of our friends. It is hoped, therefore, that the difficulties which have attended its progress will form some apology for the errors which it. may possibly be found to contain. As a reason for not more fre- quently attaching the names of authors to the pre- scriptions, it may be observed, that they are a kind of common medical property, which every physician feels himself privileged not only to employ, but modify as may best correspond with his own views. It is, therefore, difficult to say to whom many of them belong; they have been touched, and retouched, till they have lost their identity. In conclusion,- we beg leave to present our ac- knowledgments to some of our friends for the en- couragement they have given to the undertaking. To Dr. Chapman we are particularly indebted for the kindness and interest he has manifested in its publication, and offer to him, (the only return we can make,) our warmest thanks. It is with particular pleasure we embrace this opportunity of expressing our obligations to our friend, Dr. S. G. Morton, whose intimate acquaintance with the subject, and classical knowledge, are only equalled by the kind- ness and industry he has displayed in facilitating the work. Xii PREFACE. There are others whose names it would gratify us to mention, but who, we know, will be more pleased by our silence. The countenance they gave us on the present occasion has only increased the debt previously incurred. INTRODUCTION. Before entering upon the main object of this work, it may, perhaps, be allowable to notice a few circumstances, which, though they appertain more especially to Pharmaceutic Chemistry, appear to be called for in this place; and though they are, of course, familiar to every physician, still they may be useful to such students as have not yet turned their attention to prescriptions. In the first place, then, it is requisite to be well ac- quainted with the signs of quantity, or those sym- bolic characters which are used in writing prescrip- tions. In .the ancient practice of medicine, there was a vast number of these symbols, not only for the pur- pose of denoting the quantity of the ingredient, but the ingredient itself. Most of these, however, have become obsolete; and a few only are retained, as in- dispensable to the convenience of the practitioner. These will be found in the following table, which is adopted in the Pharmacopoeias for the regulation of weights. English Name. Latin Name. Symbol. Contains A pound, An ounce, A drachm, A scruple, Libra, Uncia, Drachma, Scrupulus, ft. 9.' 12 ounces. 8 drachms. 3 scruples. 20 grains. In the manipulation of liquid substances, measures fcj^- INTRODUCTION. have in most countries superseded the use of weights! the table of measures recommended by the London College, gives particular names and symbols to the parts forming a gallon, in order to prevent their be- ing confounded with those denoting weights; as in the following table:— English Name. Latin Name. Symbol. Contains. A gallon, A pint, A fluidounce, A fluidraclim, Congius, Octarius, Fluiduncia, Fluidrachma, none', 0, ft 8 pints. 16 fluidounces. 8 fluidrachms. 60 minims. It "has been thought Unnecessary in the following pages to prefix the f to the signs of quantity used for liquids, inasmuch as it is not a custom in this country to do so, nor does the omission lead to any ambiguity in compounding prescriptions. The minims used in the table, have been adopted by the London College in place of drops; and although We have not employed this measure in our prescrip- tions, yet we can readily perceive it possesses some important advantages over the ancient practice. The symbol (m,) is sometimes used by medical writers, though very improperly, to denote both minims and drops.* The size of a drop varies according to the greater or less fluidity and gravity of the liquid, and the shape of the vessel from which it is dropped; but as a general rule, we cannot do better on these occa- sions, than use a small phial with a thin edge. Dr. Dorsey observes, that, ii whenever great precision is necessary, it is easy to dilute the active medicine, * It will be well to recollect that "ten minims of any fluid, if measured by the graduated minim measure, will amount to about fifteen drops." INTRODUCTION. xv and give it in form of a mixture. If sixty grains be diffused in six ounces of water, for instance, each half ounce will contain five." Whenever a table-spoonful of any liquid is order- ed, it is considered to be equal to half an ounce by measure; and in the same way a tea-spoonful is used for a drachm: these measures are sufficiently accurate where no great precision is requisite. All the prescriptions contained in this work, are given in the Lathi language, without any other ab- breviations than those in common use to denote the , quantity of an ingredient. Th,e directions for the ad- ministration of medicines are expressed in English. Prescriptions, as usually sent to the Apothecaries, are much abbreviated, and the same course may be pursued with regard to those contained in this collec- tion; for the information of students who have not been in the practice of writing prescriptions, a list of the usual abbreviations is subjoined. INTRODUCTION. TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS. Abbreviation. Latin Word. English Word. aa * Ana, Of each. Ad saturand. Ad saturandum, Until saturated. Ad lib. Ad libitum, At pleasure. Aq. tepid. Aqua tepida, Warm water. Aq ferv. Aqua fervens. Hot water. Chart. Chartula, A small paper. Coch. Cochlear, A spoonful. Coch. mag. Cochlear magnum, A table-spoonful. Coch. parv. Cochlear parvum, A tea-spoom'ul. Colent. Colentur, Let them be strained. Collyr. Collyrium, An eye-water. Contus. Contusus, Bruised or broken. F. vel Ft, Fiat, vel Fiant, Let there be made. Fol. Folium, vel folia, A leaf or leaves. Garg. Gargarysma, A gargle. Gr. Granum, vel grana, A grain or grains. cut Gutta, vel guttae, A drop or drops. Haust. Maustus, A draught. Infus. Infusio, An infusion. M. Mi see, Mix. Mass. Massa, A mass. Mist. Mistura, A mixture. Pil. Pilula, vel pilulse, A pill or pills. Pulv. Pulvis, vel j)iilveres, A powder or powders. Q. S. Quantum sufficit, A sufficient quantity. R. liecipe, Take. Rad. Radix, A root. S. Signa, Write. Ss. Semi, vel dimidius, The half. Tine. Tinctura, A tincture. The doses throughout the book are applicable to adult age, un- less the contrary is specified. Finally, the author, in adopting the names of medicines, has given those the preference which are in common use among phy- sicians, without regard to the ever-varying nomenclature of mo- dern chemistry; for, as the celebrated Gregory has justly ob- served, " nefas certe foret nomina mutare quse omnibus in ore sunt, et bene intellecta." • This is not properly a Latin word, but the Greek preposition *va. CL.ASS I. EMETICS. In the administration of Emetics, a few simple rules are worthy of attention. Whatever may be the apparent necessity for emptying the stomach, we must take into consideration all the circumstances of the case, and more particularly if there exist much ar- terial excitement, with determination to the head; for where these symptoms are present, blood-letting should always be premised. Where poisons have been taken, our object is to evacuate the stomach as speedily as possible, and for this purpose we select an emetic, which is prompt in its action. But where the excitability of the stomach is greatly diminished by a Narcotic, it is necessary to assist the emetic by the addition of some excitant. Where such an effect is caused by opium, the system may be generally rendered susceptible by the use of vinegar, mustard, or ammonia. In these cases, how- ever, the stomach-tube is our best resource. Where free vomiting is desirable, it is most effec- tually solicited by plentiful draughts of tepid water or camomile tea. The evacuation of the stomach may be facilitated very much by tickling the fauces with a feather, or introducing the point of the finger as far back as pos- sible, and titillating the parts with it. 18 EMETICS. There are a few cases in which emetics are obvi- ously inadmissible, as in apoplexy, or where there is great determination of blood to the head, depending upon constitutional causes; pregnancy; hernia; pro- lapsus uteri; active hemorrhage from the lungs and uterus, &c. If emetic medicines are ever allowable in any one of these diseases, it is in nauseating doses only. By the frequent use of emetics, the stomach ac- quires an increased susceptibility to their action; hence persons of delicate habits should use them cau- tiously. POWDERS. Powder of Ipecacuanha. R. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, 9'ij. Divide it into two doses.—Signa.—One to be taken in a little molasses, or sugar and water, and followed by a draught of tepid water. If one powder does not produce the desired effect, the second to be taken in like manner. Powder of Ipecacuanha with Tartarized Antimony. R. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, 9j. Tartratis Antimonii et potassas, gr. j. Misce.—To be taken in the same manner as the former. Ipecacuanha is supposed by some to counteract the effects of opium by a specific principle, and hence the above prescription is often used where that drug has been taken. A more prompt emetic, however, will in all cases, be preferable to this. Powder of Ipecacuanha with Rhubarb. R. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, --------Rhei, aa. 9j. Misce, et signa.—To be taken in sirup. EMETICS. 19 More or less purging will generally follow the emetic operation of this dose. The above are the principal combinations of ipeca- cuanha for the purpose of vomiting. It fulfils seve- ral other indications, which will be noticed under their appropriate heads. Powder of Sulphate of Copper. R. Sulphatis Cupri, gr. ij. vel x. Signa.—To be given in a little sirup or water. This medicine is seldom employed as an emetic, except in those cases of poisoning where other ar- ticles have failed, or are not at hand. It should be followed by a draught of warm water, but all vege- table astringent infusions are incompatible sub- stances. Powder of Sulphate of Zinc. R. Sulphatis Zinci, gr. x. vel 5ss. Signa.—To be taken in molasses, and followed by a draught of warm water. This medicine is very prompt in its operation; it is most generally employed in cases of poisoning; it is also used as a nauseating remedy in phthisis; and both as an emetic and tonic in dispepsia. The sto- mach is said to be invigorated, rather than exhausted by its operation. WINES, MIXTURES, &c. I Vine of Ipecacuanha with Antimony. R. Vini Ipecacuanhas, 5j. Tartratis Antimonii et Potassas, gr. j. Fiat Solutio.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful to be taken every ten or 20 EMETICS. fifteen minutes until vomiting is induced, which may be as- sisted with tepid drinks. Antimonial IVine. R. Vini Antimonii,5j. Signa.—A tea-spoonful to be taken every ten or fifteen minutes until free emesis is effected. If antimonial wine is given for the purpose of pro- ducing speedy vomiting, we may safely give half an ounce of it at once; and in the croup of infants, twen- ty drops every fifteen minutes, until the medicine operates, is a safe dose. Solution of Tartrate of Antimony. R. Tartratis Antimonii et Potassas, gr. vj. Sacchari albi, 3j- Aquas distillatas, ?iv. Misce.—Fiat Solutio.—A table-spoonful to be given every ten or fifteen minutes, until it operates freely. The wine of antimony possesses no advantage over this extemporaneous prescription; and unless we know the proportion of antimony contained in each ounce of the former, and know also that it has been recent- ly made, the latter is decidedly preferable. Solution of Sidphate of Zinc, 8,-c. R. Zinci Sulphatis, 3iss. Aluminis, Jss. Aquas ferventis, Oss. Misce.—Let the solution be filtered through blotting paper.— Signa.—A table-spoonful for adults, and a tea-spoonful for a child of six months old, (and so in proportion to the strength and age of the patient,) every morning upon an empty sto- mach. This is the celebrated solutio vitriolica of Dr. EMETICS. 21 Mosely, who principally employed it in dysentery and phthisis pulmonalis. Mustard Draught. R. Pulveris Sinapeos, 3j. Aquas tepidae, Oss. To be mixed and swallowed at once. This is a very prompt emetic, and one that is al- ways at hand. Emetic Lozenges of Emetina. R. Sacchari albi, 5ij. Emetinas impuras, gr. xxxij. Misce, et fiant trochisci singuli, gr. xviij. One of these Lozenges taken fasting will generally produce vo- miting in children. Three or four will speedily excite it in adults. Majendie. Solution of Emetina. R. Emetinas fuscas, gr. iv. Aquas distillatas, ^ij. Syrupi simplicis, 5ss. Fiat solutio.—Signa.—Give two tea-spoonsful every half hour. Emetina is destitute of the peculiar odour and nauseous taste of Ipecacuanha, and may therefore be preferable in some cases. It will be observed that we have introduced the brown or impure Emetina, which is much less ener- getic than the perfectly white alkali. The best an- tidote for an over-dose, is a strong infusion of nut- galls. Mixture of Ipecacuanha, fyc. R. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, Jss. Antimonii tartarizati, gr. j. Tincturas Scillae, ^j. Aquas distillatas, ^vijss. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—Four table-spoonsful at first; afterwards 22 EMETICS. two table-spoonsful every 10 minutes, until vomiting is in- duced. This mixture is recommended in dropsies previous- ly to giving the digitalis. Infusion of Ipecacuanha. R. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, 3>j' Aquas bullientis, ^vj. Macerate for one hour and filter.—Of this from one to two table-spoonsful may be given every half hour, until it excite vomiting. Infusion of Lobelia Inflata. R. Herbas Lobelias inflatas, ^j. Aquas bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusio.—Signa.—A small wine glassful may be taken every half hour, until vomiting succeeds. This native remedy, called also Indian Tobacco, is frequently exhibited in the form of saturated tinc- ture. The dose of the latter is a table-spoonful every half hour until emesis is excited. It has gained con- siderable celebrity in the treatment of Asthma, and is now employed by the " Steam Doctors" of the west- ern country, as part of their treatment in all diseases. Its activity is so great that it should always be given with caution. Sirup of Seneka and Squills. R. Syrupi Scillas compositi, 5j. Signa.—Give from ten drops to a tea-spoonful, every quarter, half, or one hour, according to the age of the patient and vio- lence of the disease. This is the Hive Sirup of Professor Coxe; it has acquired much confidence from its efficacy in croup; EMETICS. 23 and should it not be sufliciently active in this violent disease, a grain of tartrate of antimony may be added to each ounce.—See Coxe's Dispen. p. 343. Tobacco Poultice. R. Foliorum Nicotianas, 5j, To be beat up with sufi&cient water to form a cataplasm.—To be applied to the region of the stomach, when emetics cannot be administered by the mouth. [ 24 ] CLASS II. CATHARTICS. AS a general rule, it may be observed of cathar- tics, that they are capable of fulfilling three different indications:—1st. Simply to evacuate the bowels; 2d. To excite an increased discharge from the mu- cous coat of the intestines; and 3d. To stimulate the neighbouring viscera, and cause them to pour out a greater quantity of their peculiar fluids. It seldom, or perhaps never, happens, that the same article will produce these three different effects; in order to do this, we must combine different substances in one formula. There are some, as magnesia, that produce their effect by absorbing the acid generated in the alimen- tary canal, and becoming by this means converted into a purgative salt. There are others, as aloes, that expend their principal force upon the rectum and great intestines, and for this reason are very advan- tageously employed in diseases of the lower bowels, as also in those of the uterus and its appendages. These remedies should always be given on an empty stomach: if administered immediately after a full meal, they arrest the digestive process, are lia- ble to produce nausea, if not vomiting, and do not open the bowels with the same certainty or effect. When simple costiveness is to be removed, the CATHARTICS. 25 evening may be selected for the exhibition of a ca- thartic. If this should not prove sufficient, we can repeat the dose in the morning and at regular intervals through the day, until the effect is produced. The principle, says Dr. Paris, which should govern our conduct in the administration of purgatives, may be briefly stated.— The excitement is to be repeated till the requisite action is induced, yet no single excite- ment being such as may prove an irritant to the organ. But in the treatment of many diseases it is prefera- ble to purge through the day, in order that the sleep of the patient may not be disturbed at night. The operation of these remedies may be very much accelerated by the free exhibition of diluting drinks, such as oatmeal gruel, barley water, &c. &c. By combination we are enabled to modify and con- trol the action of many remedies, and some of the most drastic purgatives may be made to operate mildly, and yet certainly, by uniting several of them in the same dose. Finally, the operation of a cathartic may often be promoted by judicious venesection; and if spasm of the intestines be present, opium may be advantage- ously joined with the purgative. POWDERS. Powder with Calomel and Jalap. R. Calomelanos, gr. v. vel x. Pulveris Jalapas, gr. x. Misce, et signa.—To be given in molasses or sirup. 4 26 CATHARTICS. Powder with Calomel, Jalap and Rhubarb. R. Calomelanos, gr. v. Pulveris Jalapas, --------Rhei, aa. gr. v. Olei Cinnamomi, gtt. j. Misce, et signa.—To be given as the former. Powder with Magnesia and Rhubarb. R. Pulveris Rhei, 9j. Magnesias usta?, 9ss. Olei Cinnamomi, gtt. j. Misce, et signa.—To be given in sirup, or sugar and water. The operation of magnesia may be effectually ob- tained by giving the patient some lemonade, or a solution of super-tartrate of potassa, as a common drink. Powder with Colomel and Rhubarb. R. Calomelanos, Pulveris Rhei, a.a. gr. x. Olei Cinnamomi, gtt. j. Misce, et signa.—To be given in molasses. Powder with Jalap and Super-Tartrate of Potassa. R. Super-tartratis Potassas, 3ij« Pulveris Jalapas, 3j- Misce.—Divide in chartulas vj.—Of these give one every two hours in molasses or sirup. Compound Powder of Jalap and Gamboge. R. Super-tartratis Potassas, 5'j- Pulveris Jalapas, 3j. .--------Gambogias, gr. vj. Misce.—Divide in chartulas vj.—Signa.—To be given as di- rected in the preceding prescription. The compound powder of jalap has been almost CATHARTICS. 27 consecrated to dropsical affections; but it forms a very convenient purge in many inflammatory cases; and when we wish to increase its certainty and ac- tivity, we may conveniently add the Gamboge, as in the above formula. Powder of Aloes, Canella, Alba, fyc. R. Pulveris Aloes, 5jss. ---------Canellae albas, gr. xviij. ---------Radicis Serpentarias virginianas, gr. vj. Misce.—Divide in pulveres vj.—Signa.-*-One every three or four hours in sirup. This compound, the hiera picra of the shops, forms a very good purgative, and is usually employed as an emmenagogue. Powder with Sulphate of Potassa, fyc. R. Potassas sulphatis, 3j. Pulveris Rhei, 9iss. ---------Floris Anthemidis, 3j. Tere in pulverm, et divide in doses equales vj. Signa.—Take one twice a day. in sugar and water. In dispepsia and a sluggish state of the bowels. Powder of Sulphur and Super-tartrate of Potassa. R. Sulphuris sublimati, ^ss. Pulveris Super-tartratis Potassas, §j. Misce, et signa.—Mix in a sufficient quantity of molasses, and give a tea-spoonful four or five times a day to children. In some diseases of the skin. It should be always recollected that sulphur pro- motes insensible perspiration in a very marked de- gree, and hence renders the patient more liable to be affected by the vicissitudes of climate. 28 CATHARTICS. Powder with Milk of Sulphur and Calcined Magnesia. R. Sulphuris prascipitati vel Lactis Sulphuris, Magnesias ustae, aa. ^ss. Misce, et signa.—A tea-spoonful to be taken four or five times a-day. This preparation is better adapted to delicate sto- machs than the former. Either of them forms a good aperient during an alterative course of medicine. Sulphate of Magnesia and Tartrate of Antimony. R. Sulphatis Magnesias, ^j. Tartratis Antimonii et Potassas, gr. j. Misce, et signa.—To be dissolved in six ounces of water, and taken for a dose. By combining tartar emetic with this and other purgative salts, we promote at the same time a gentle diaphoresis; which, in many slight inflammatory af- fections, is very desirable. Powder with Tartrate of Soda, Tartaric Acid, $c. vulgo, Seidlitz Powders. R. Tartratis Sodas et Potassas, gij. Super carbonatis Sodas, 9ij. Fiat pulvis.—Signa.—To be dissolved in half a tumbler of cold water. R. Acidi tartarici pulverizati, gr. xxv. Signa.—Dissolve in an equal quantity of water with the above, and mix them both together. To be taken while in a state of effervescence. This is a very popular purgative, and justly so; it is a gentle aperient, and may be taken by persons whose stomachs would reject any of the ordinary saline preparations. Phospliate of Soda. R. Phosphatis Sodas, |j. CATHARTICS. 29 This salt so much resembles in taste the common table salt, (muriate of soda,) that it may be conveni- ently taken in a bowl of broth. It is a mild purgative. PILLS. Pills of Calomel, Jalap, 8rc., (known as Griffitts^ Cathartic Pills.) R. Pulveris Jalapas, --------Rhei, Saponis albi, aa. 3ss. Calomelanos, gr. xxv. Tartratis Antimonii et Potassas, gr. iss. Aquas distillatas, quantum sufficit—ut fiat massa: divide in pilulas xxv. Signa.—Two of these pills may be taken at once, and repeated in two hours, if not sufficient. This combination of purgatives with the tartrate of antimony, forms a most excellent anti-bilious remedy; and, in cases of fever, prepares the alimentary canal for the reception of other remedies better than a more simplified preparation. Pills of Blue Mass, Aloes, 8,-c. R. Massas ex Hydrargyro, Pulveris Jalapas, --------Aloes, aa. gr. xv. Syrupi simplicis, q. s. ut fiat massa, et divide in pilulas xij. Signa.—Three may be taken at night, and the same dose re- peated in the morning, if the first is ineffectual. Pills of Blue Mass, Soda, §-c. R. Massas ex Hydrargyro, gr. ix. Pulveris Rhei, Bicarbonatis Sodas, aa. gr. xij. Syrupi Rhei aromatici, q. s. ut fiat massa, et divide in pi- lulas xij. 30 CATHARTICS. Signa.—One, twice or three times a-day, as an alterative in derangement of the liver. Hartshorn. Powdered Charcoal. R. Pulveris Carbonis, ^j. Of this a tea-spoonful may be given in milk, molasses, or sugar and water; repeated as often as necessary to keep the bowels in a soluble state. Charcoal occasionally accumulates in the bowels, and occasions the most distressing constipation. When it fails, therefore, to operate promptly, some other purgative should be given. It may be observed, that charcoal is exceedingly well adapted to many cases of dispepsia, enabling the patient to digest more, and a greater variety of food, than he can with- out it. The safest and most effectual mode of using it is to dust it over the aliments in the same way as pepper. Pills of Calomel, Rhubarb, and Opium. R. Calomelanos, gr. xij. Pulveris Rhei, gr. xx. -------• Op"\ gr- j- Misce, et divide in pilulas viij.—Signa.—Four may be taken at once, and the remainder in one hour if the first are insufficient. This compound may be employed when we wish the effect of calomel, and when there is pain in the bowels; if there should be much costiveness, it may be necessary to follow the pills with a dose of castor oil, or Epsom salts. Pills of Rhubarb and Soap. R. Pulveris Rhei, 3j. Saponis albi, gr. x. Aquas distillatas, q. s.—ut iiant pilulas xv. Signa.—Three for a dose. CATHARTICS. 31 To remove costiveness, or produce a gentle evacu- ation in debilitated habits. Pills of Aloes and Rhubarb. R. Pulveris Rhei, --------Aloes, aa. %ss. Saponis albi, quantum sufficit—ut fiant pilulas xxv. Signa.—Three or four of these may be taken occasionally, in habitual costiveness and in dispepsia. Pills of Rhubarb, with Sulphate of Iron, $c. R. Pulveris Rhei, 3'ss. Sulphatis Ferri, 3ss. Saponis albi, 9'ij. Aquas distillatas, q. s.—Fiat massa in pilulas xl. dividenda. The intention of these pills is obviously to remove costiveness, and impart tone to the bowels. They were a favourite medicine with Dr. Grifiitts, late of this city. Three or four may be taken for a dose at bed time. Pills with Aloes, Gentian, &,-c. R. Pulveris Aloes, 3j- Extracti Gentianas, 3SS« Olei Carui, gtt. x. Syrupi simplicis, quantum sufficit. The mass to be divided into pills, each one weighing gr. iv.— Signa.—Two or three for a dose. Pills of Croton Oil. R. Olei Tiglii, gtt. j. Micas panis, q. s.—ut fiant pilulas iv. Signa.—One every hour until they operate. This powerful remedy has lately been restored to the materia medica. One drop is a full dose, and frequently less will answer every purpose. 32 CATHARTICS. Pills with Aloes, Ipecacuanha, fyc R. Pulveris Aloes, 3ss« -------Ipecacuanhas, gr. iv. Saponis albi, 9ij. Syrupi simplicis, q. s.—ut fiant pilulas xx. Signa.—Two or three for a dose, and to be repeated when ne- cessary. These pills, with almost any other of the aloetic preparations, from their specific action on the rectum, will sometimes restore suppressed haemorrhoids. Pills with Asafcetida and Aloes. R. Gummi Asafostidas, Pulveris Aloes, Saponis albi, aa. 3ss. Aquas distillatas, quantum sufficit—ut fiat massa in pilulas xxv. dividenda. These pills are usually kept made by the apothe- caries, but the physician may prefer them recent, and therefore the formula is here inserted. We may alter this prescription by substituting rhubarb for aloes, if it is deemed preferable. Three or four of them are sufficient for a dose. Pills with Extract of Butternut, Jalap, fyc. R. Extracti Juglandis cinerei, 3SS« Pulveris Jalapas, 9j. Saponis albi, gr. x. Misce.—Fiant pilulas xv. Signa.—Three or four of these may be taken for a dose, and if they do not operate, two more may be safely administered. The extract of Butternut, either alone or in com- bination, is very highly recommended as a cathartic in fevers, dysentery, &c. CATHARTICS. 33 Confection of Sulphur. R. Sulphuris loti, giss. Confectionis Sennas, 5ij. Potassas nitratis, ziij. Syrupi Aurantii, q. s.—ut fiat confectio. Signa.—From one to two drachms may be taken once or twice a day. Useful in hemorrhoidal affections. Pills of Compound Extract of Colocynth, and Calomel. R. Extracti Colocynthidis compositi, gr. xlviij. Calomelanos, gr. xij. Misce et divide in pilulas xij. Signa.—One, or at most two of these pills, will generally act as a cathartic. Pills of Compound Extract of Colocyntfi, fyc, R. Extracti Colocynthidis compositi, 9j. --------Jalapas resinosi, gr. vj. Pulveris Scammonias compositi, gr. x. Calomelanos, gr. x. Tartratis Antimonii et Potassas, gr. j. Saponis veneti, gr. v. Olei Cassias, gtt. iv. Misce et divide in pilulas xv. Signa.—One, two, or three to be taken at bed-time, for a ca- thartic. Br. Meigs. Pills with Aloes and Mercurial Blue Mass. R. Massas ex Hydrargyro, 9j. Pulveris Aloes, gr. xxv. Misce et divide in pilulas xv.—Signa.—One every two hours until they operate. In cases of constipation depending upon deficien- cy of bile, these pills may be advantageously em- ployed. b 34 CATHARTICS. Pills of Compound Extract of Colocynth, fyc. #c, commonly called FothergiWs Pills. R. Extracti Colocynthidis compositi, 31SS- *Oxidi Antimonii illoti, 3ss. Misce et divide in pilulas xxx.—One of these pills will frequent- ly produce a free evacuation; but two or more may be taken when required, at bed-time. Pills with Aloes, Guaiacum, fyc. R. Pulveris Guaiaci, ^ss. --------Aloes, gr. xxxvj. --------Rhei, 3ij. Balsami Canadensis, quantum sufficit—ut fiat massa in pilu- las xlviij. dividenda. Signa.—One to be taken every three hours. This combination forms a highly stimulating ca- thartic. Electuary of Senna and Figs. R. Pulveris Sennas, ^ss. Pulpas ficus, quantum sufficit—ut fiat electuarium. Signa.—A piece, the size of a marble, night and morning, in costiveness from sedentary habits. MIXTURES, INFUSIONS, &c. Oleaginous Mixture. R. Olei Ricini, 5iss. Pulveris gummi Arabici, jij. Sacchari albi, gj. Misce secundum artem, et tunc adde gradatim— Aquas Menthas sativas, 5iv. Tincturas Opii, gtt. xl. vel 1. Signa.—A table-spoonful every hour and a half or two hours, until it purges. • This preparation of antimony was formerly known by the name of Calx Antimonii fflota. CATHARTICS. 85 It is of some consequence in preparing this mix- ture, to shake the oil and powders well together be- fore adding the water, which should be poured in gradually, agitating it after each addition; or, com- bine the whole in a mortar. Mixture of Croton Oil. R. Olei Tiglii, gtt. i. Mucilaginis Acacias, Aquas distillatas, aa. ^j. Misce, et signa.—A tea-spoonful every two hours until it ope- rates. Mixture of Oil of Turpentine, 8,-c. R. Olei Terebinthinas rectificati, ^j. Pulveris Gummi Arabici, --------Sacchari albi, aa. jij. Aquas Menthae sativas, £iv. Misce, et Signa.—A table-spoonful every two hours, until it operates. This preparation must be made in the same man- ner as the oleaginous mixture. Mixture with Magnesia, Tinct. Fcetida, §-c. R. Magnesias carbonatis, 3SS- Tincturas Assafostidas, gtt. Ix. ---------Opii, gtt. xx. Sacchari albi, 3j. Aquas distillatas, 5J. Misce.—Fiat mistura.—Signa.—Twenty.five drops may be wiven to an infant of two or four weeks old; in flatulent cho- lic, diarrhoea, &c. This preparation is strongly recommended and much employed by Dr. Dewees of this city. When the calcined magnesia is used, it unites with the resin of the asafoetida, and forms a mass almost solid at the bottom of the vessel. 36 CATHARTICS. Mixture of Carb. Magnesia, S,-c. R. Magnesias carbonatis, 3SS- --------- Sulphatis, 3'ij- Spiritus Ammonias aromatici, 3j- Tincturas Rhei, Sss. ---------Hyosciami, 3ss. Aquas Menthas sativas, ?iv. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A large table-spoonful to be taken two or three times a-day. Br. Meigs. Oleaginous Mixture with Oil of Turpentine. R. Olei Ricini sine igne, 5iss. Vitellum ovi, j. Sacchari albi, 5'j- Olei Terebinthinas rectificati, 5ss. Aquas Menthas sativas, 5iv. Misce optime et fiat mistura.—Signa—A large table-spoonful may be taken every hour, according to circumstances. This preparation is much used by some of our best practitioners, in cases requiring a brisk and sti- mulating cathartic. It has also been recommended as a purgative, after the effects of an over-dose of opium have been partially subdued by the proper preliminary remedies. Mixture of Oil of Euphorbia Latyris, or Oil of Spurge. R. Olei Euphorbias latyris, gtt. viij. Gummi Acacias, Sacchari albi, aa. 3j- Aquas Menthas sativas, ±j. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—One half of this mixture may be given at once, and repeated in two hours if the bowels are not moved. The oil of spurge is an old remedy, lately revived and introduced to notice by the Italians. It is stated to be as mild as castor oil, and as prompt and effica- CATHARTICS. 3? cious as the croton oil, in the above doses. We are informed that it never vomits or gripes. Saponaceous Solution of Croton Oil. R. Olei Tiglii, gtt. viij. Potassas puras, gr. vj. Aquas distillatas, 3ij- Fiat solutio.—Signa.—From three to six drops may be given for a dose. This is a substitute for the soap of the croton oil proposed by the French, and which is more trouble- some to make. Mr. Conevel states, that four drops of this oil rubbed on and round the umbilicus, will produce a cathartic effect; even the odour of it has been known to excite the alimentary canal, either as an emetic or purgative. Solution of Epsom Salts with Nitric Acid. R. Sulphatis Magnesias, ^ss. Tincturas Jalapas, 3j« Acidi nitrici, gtt. x. Aquas Menthas, ^ij. Misce.—Signa.—To be taken for a draught. The nitric acid is said to destroy in great measure the bitter taste of the salt. Infusion and Tincture of Senna, fyc. R. Infusionis Sennas, 3vj- Tincturas-------, 3ij. Mannas, 3'j* Magnesias sulphatis, ^ss. Aquas Menthas sativas, -------distillatas, aa, 5iss. Misce.—Signa.—One half to be taken for a dose, and repeated if it does not operate. This is a very common prescription of John Abernethy of London. 38 CATHARTICS. Mixture of Magnesia, Rhubarb, 8rc. R. Magnesias ustas, 3SS« Pulveris Rhei, gr. vj. --------Sacchari albi, 3j« Essentias Menthas piperitas, gtt. vj. Aquas distillatas, 5iss. Fiat mustura.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful to be given every two hours to children, until it operates. This preparation is designed for the bowel com- plaints of children, and is very serviceable. Lauda- num can be added according to the age and circum- stances of the patient. Solution of Sidphate of Magnesia, fyc. R. Sulphatis Magnesias, ^j. Tartratis Antimonii, gr. j. Succi Limonis recentis, ^j. Aquas distillatas, ^iij. Misce.—Fiat solutio.—Signa.—A table-spoonful to be given every two hours until it operates. Infusion of Senna, Sulphate of Magnesia, fyc. R. Foliorum Sennas, 3vj. Mannas optimas, Sulphatis Magnesias, aa. 5j. Seminum Cardamomi contus: 3'j> Misce, et signa.—To be infused in a pint of boiling water for thirty or fifty minutes, and a tea-cupful given every hour un- til it operates. Infusion of Senna. R. Foliorum Sennas, 3vj- Seminum Cardamomi contus: 3ij. Misce, et signa.—To be infused in a pint of boiling water for half an hour; one-half to be taken at once; if insufficient, the remainder in two or three hours. This infusion may be longer kept if a little tine. sennse be added to it. CATHARTICS. 39 Decoction of Prunes. R. Fructus Pruni, ^iij. Aquas, foiij. Decoque ad libras duas.—Used as a mild laxative. Infusion of Senna with Rhubarb, fyc. R. Foliorum Sennas, 3vj- Mannas optimas, ^j. Radicis Rhei contusas, 3vj' Seminum Cardamomi contus: 3ij- Misce, et signa.—To be infused in a pint of boiling water for one hour. A tea-cupful given every hour until it operates. Compound Tincture of Senna, vidgo, Warner's Cordial. R. Tincturas Sennas compositas, ^j. Direct a table-spoonful, mixed with double the quantity of wa- ter, as hot as it can be drunk, to be taken for a dose, in cases of violent pain of the stomach, where a cordial purgative is required; to be repeated pro re nata. Decsction of Aloes, fyc. R. Extracti Glycyrrhizas, ^ss. Potassas subcarbonatis, 9ij. Aloes Spicatas extracti contriti, Myrrhas contritas, Croci stigmatum, aa. 3j« Tincturas Cardamomi compositas, ^iv. Aquas distillatas, Oj. Boil down all the ingredients, except the last, with the water, to twelve fluid ounces, and strain; then add the compound Tincture of Cardamom. The dose of this decoction is from half an ounce to an ounce and a half, and is of service, fre- quently in dispepsia, and wherever a mild warm cathartic is required. Wine of Colchicum. R. Vini Colchici saturati, ^ss. Signa.—Twenty or thirty drops of this may be taken in sugar and water. In cases of rheumatism or gout. 40 CATHARTICS. The above preparation is made both of the bulb, and seeds of the Colchicum: when made of the latter, it is least powerful. The dose of twenty-five drops may be repeated three or four times in the day; or until it affects the stomach, the pulse, or the bowels. It is a powerful remedy, and requires caution in its use. The active principle of this substance has been separated, and the name of Veratrina bestowed upon it. It is extremely poisonous, and, therefore, to be taken with great caution. Its only recommendation is, that it is more certain in its operation than the preparations noticed above. Pills of Veratrina. R. Veratrinae, gr. ss. Mucilaginis Acacias, q. s.—ut fiant pilulas vi. Signa.—One of these may be given, and if purgative effects do not follow, three may be given in one day. Tincture of Veratrina. R. Veratrinas, gr. iv. Alcohol, 5j. Fiat tinctura.—Signa.—This may be given in doses of ten, fif- teen, twenty, or twenty-five drops, in a cup of drink. It is designed as a substitute for the Vinous Tinct. of Colchicum, in dropsies, gout, rheumatism, &c. The tincture of Veratrina is recommended as an external application in the diseases mentioned. For this purpose also the following preparation is pro- posed. Ointment of Veratrina. R. Veratrinas puras, gr. iv. Adipis suillae, ^j. Fiat unguentura.—Signa.—To be employed externally, in the cases above directed. Majendie. CATHARTICS. 41 Tincture of Aloes, fyc. R. Pulveris Aloes socotrinas, -------Seminum Anisi, aa. ?ij. Spiritus vini gallici, Oij. Fiat tinctura.—Dose.—From one-third to half a wine-glassful, three times a-day. The above is highly spoken of by Dr. R. Pindall in hemorrhoidal affections. He considers it almost a specific, notwithstanding the prejudice against aloes, in these affections of the rectum. Mixture of Elaterium* R. Extracti Elaterii, gr. j. Spiritus astheris nitrosi, ^ij. Tincturas Scillas, Oxymellis Colchici, aa. ^ss. Syrupi simplicis, 5j. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—To take a tea-spoonful three or four times a day in a little water. The above is the original prescription of Dr. Fer- riar, who recommends it in the several forms of dropsy, and particularly in Hydrothorax. Tincture of Aloes and Canella Alba, vidgo, Tincture of Hiera Picra. R. Tincturas Hieras picras, ^j. A tea-spoonful may be taken every hour, or two hours, until it operates. Electuary with Jalap, Nitrate of Potash, fyc. R. Pulveris Super-tartratis Potassas, -------Radicis Jalapas, -------Nitratis Potassas, aa. ^ss. Confectionis Sennas, 5j. Syrupi simplicis, q.s.—utfiat elcctuarium.—Of which a bolus the size of a hazlenut may be taken three or four times a-day. 6 42 CATHARTICS. This preparation once gained considerable cele- brity as a popular remedy for hemorrhoids. Electuary with Sulphur. R. Sulphuris sublimati, ^ss. Confectionis Sennas, iiss. Syrupi simplicis, q. s.—ut fiat electuarium.—A tea-spoon- ful night and morning for a dose in the disease above men- tioned. ENEMATA. Enemata, used either as auxiliaries or substitutes for cathartics, very properly succeed that class of remedies. They are employed to fulfil other indications, and the different preparations will be noticed under their appropriate heads. It is usual to direct three times the quantity to be given for an enema that is required for a dose per os. For the purpose of procuring a discharge from the bowels, this rule may generally be observed; but in some of the powerful remedies occasionally administered, as opium and tobacco, it would be unsafe, and perhaps occasionally attended with very serious consequences. The following are the proportions recommended by Professor Chapman in the ordinary clysters for persons of different ages;—A child between the ages of one and five years old, from giv. to gvj. A youth of ten or fifteen years, half a pint; and an adult, from a pint to a quart, according to circumstances. Enema with Oil, Salt, fyc. R. Olei Ricini vel Olivarum, 2ij. Syrupi sacchari rubri, 5ij. Muriatis Sodas, £ss. Infusionis Lini tepidas, Oj. CATHARTICS. 43 Fiat enema.—One half to be thrown up the rectum with a pew- ter syringe, and the remainder in half an hour or an hour, if the first produces no evacuation. Enema with Sulphate of Magnesia, fyc. R. Sulphatis Magnesias, vel Sodas, 5ij. Olei olivarum, 5j. Solutionis Amyli tepid as, Oj. Misce.—Fiat enema.—Signa.—To be exhibited in the manner directed above. Enema of Colocynth. R. Colocynthidis medullas incisas, 3j. Aquas bullientis, 5x. Sodas muriatis, 5ss. Mannas optimas, 5j. Boil the Colocynth in the water for ten or fifteen minutes, and strain—then add the other ingredients. To be employed in cases of obstinate constipation. Enema of Oil of Turpentine. R. Olei Terebinthinas optimi, 5jss. Vitelli unius ovi, Solutionis gummi Arabici, vel Infusionis seminum Lini tepidi, Oj. Misce.—To be administered secundum artem. The Venice turpentine may be substituted for the oil directed in this prescription; and either of them, if required, may be given in larger quantities. Enema of Infusion of Senna, fyc. R. Infusionis foliorum Sennas, Oj. Sulphatis Magnesias, 5ij. Misce.—One-half to be exhibited as an enema, and the re- mainder if necessary. Enema with Tartrate of Antimony. R. Tartratis Antimonii et Potassas, 9j. to 9ij. Solutionis gummi Arabici tepidas, Oj. Misce.—Exhibit as the former. 44 CATHARTICS, Dr. Chapman recommends this preparation as one admirably calculated to overcome constipation, which is so obstinate as to resist the ordinary remedies. It is very powerful, and requires care in its manage- ment. Tobacco Enema. R. Foliorum Tabaci, 3j. Aquas ferventis, Oj. Make an infusion in the usual manner, and use it as an enema. It must be cautiously administered, as death has followed its imprudent exhibition. [ 45 ] CLASS III. DIURETICS. The rules for the administration of this class of remedies are few and simple. Where there is much arterial excitement, a judi- cious use of the lancet should precede the employ- ment of diuretics. The patient must be kept cool, and every precau- tion taken against perspiration; for these two secre- tions are well known to be antagonizing functions. In order to ensure the full effects of diuretics, di- luting drinks should be freely given, and especially those containing some diuretic in solution. POWDERS AND PILLS. Powder of Sub-carbonate of Potash. R. Sub-carbonatis Potassas, 9ss. This powder may be most agreeably taken in a bottle of seltzer water, and repeated three or four times a-day. The same quantity of sub-carbonate of soda may be administered in the same manner. Powder of Squill, fyc. R. Pulveris scillas, gr. xij. ■-------Nitratis Potassas, 3j- Fiant pulveres vj,—Signa.—One to be given twice a-day in su- gar and water. 46 DIURETICS. Some aromatic, such as cinnamon, may be added to this preparation, if the stomach should be disposed to reject it. Powders of Uva ursi, and Soda. R. Pulveris Uvas ursi, 3iss. Sodas sub-carbonatis, 3j. Misce, et divide in chartulas xij.—Signa.—One three times a day in sugar and water. Useful in Nephritic complaints, and other affec- tions of the bladder. Pills of Digitalis, Opium, fyc. R. Pulveris Digitalis, gr. xij. Hydrargyri submuriatis, gr. iv. Opii, gr. iv. Confectionis rosas, q. s. Fiant pilulas xij.—Signa.—One to be taken every eight hours. Useful in Hydrothorax, and Ascites, depending on some visceral obstruction. Pills of Balsam of Copaiva. R. Balsami Copaivas, 3jj. Magnesias ustas, gr. vij. Misce in mortario.— Copaiva requires for its solidification one-seven- teenth its weight of perfectly pure magnesia. It will not, however, always become solid in these propor- tions, as the balsam suffers changes by age. The mixture thickens in about six or eight hours, and ac- quires greater solidity by time. The mass may be formed into pills of four grains each, of which two may be taken three or four times in the day. They answer all purposes of the liquid balsam administered by the mouth. DIURETICS. 47 Pills of Squill and Calomel, fyc. R. Calomelanos, Pulveris Scillas, aa. gr. xij. Conservas rosarum, q. s.—ut fiant pilulas xij.—Signa.—One night and morning, in dropsies depending upon visceral de- rangement. This preparation is one of the most celebrated of the diuretics; and where diseases of the liver causes the effusion, is decidedly one of the best. When the calomel affects the mouth, it may be omitted, and the squill only continued. Pills of Sub-carbonate of Soda. R. Sub-carbonatis Sodas exsiccatas, 3j. Saponis albi, 9ij. Aquas fontanas, q. s.—ut fiant pilulas xxx.—Three to be taken three times a-day. Chiefly useful in calculous affections. Pills of Calomel, Digitalis, fyc. R. Pulveris Scillas exsiccatas, gr. iv. -------■- Digitalis foliorum, gr. x. ■--------Calomelanos, gr. vj. --------Myrrhas, 9j. Simul tere et adde— Asafcetidas, 3ss. Extracti Gentianas, q. s. Fiat massa, in pilulas xv. dividenda.—Signa.—One night and morning. Paris. Turpentine Pills. R. Terebinthinas albas, 3j« Divide in pilulas xv.—Signa.—One four or five times a-day. MIXTURES, INFUSIONS, &c. Mixture with Tincture Cantharides, fyc. R. Tincturas Cantharidum, Spiritus astheris nitrosi, aa. gtt. lx. Sacchari albi, 3j. Aquas Menthas sativas, jij. 4g DIURETICS. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful may be taken every three or four hours; desisting, if symptoms of strangury should supervene. Mixture of Spirits of Nitre, fyc. R. Spiritus astheris nitrosi, gj. Tincturas Scillas, 3ij» Fiat mistura—of which give a tea-spoonful five or six times in the day, with the following infusion:— R. Baccarum Juniperi contus. £j. Potassas super-tartratis, ^ss. Aquas bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusio.—A tea cupful for a dose with the above mixture. Solution of Cream of Tartar. R. Potassas super-tartratis, gj. Aquas distillatas, Oij. Fiat solutio.—Signa.—To be freely drunk through the day. Mixture of Acetate of Ammonia, fyc. R. Liquoris Ammonias acetatis, 5ij. Potassas acetatis, 3« Acetatis Potassas, 3j- Tincturas Opii, gtt. x. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful three or four times a day. Mixture of Spirits of Turpentine, fyc. R. Olei Terebinthinas, gtt. C. Pulveris gummi Arabici, ---------Sacchari albi, aa. 3j« Aquas Menthas sativas, 3'iv. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful four or five times a day, aided by some diuretic drink. This remedy is used in nephritic complaints with great benefit, and in the passage of calculi down the ureters often affords more relief than any thing else. Oil of Juniper Berries. R. Olei Juniperi optimi, ^ss. DIURETICS. 51 Signa.—Five drops to be taken every three hours in sugar, gra- dually increasing the dose. Diuretic Liniment. R. Tincturas Scillas, •---------Digitalis, aa. 2ij. Misce.—Employed with good effect as a liniment in symptoma- tic anasarca. M. Rullier. Mixture of Balsam Copaiba. R. Balsami Copaibas, Spiritus astheris nitrosi, aa. 5ss. Pulveris gummi Arabici, ■-------Sacchari albi, aa. 3j. Spiritus Lavendulas compositi, 3'j- Tincturas thebaicas, 3j- Aquas distillatas, 5iv. Fiat mistura secundum artem.—Signa.—A table-spoonful three times a-day. This remedy is more especially used in gonorrhoea, and is considered by Professor Chapman as a specific in that disease. A mode, perhaps, more elegant than any other of exhibiting balsam copaiva, consists in dropping the quantity prescribed for a dose in a wine- glassful of water, and then adding to it a small quan- tity of the tine. Gentians comp. The balsam col- lects into a globule, and is surrounded by the tincture, which leaving its taste in the mouth covers entirely that of the nauseous balsam. Mixture of Carbonate of Potash, Squills, fyc. R. Sub-carbonatis Potassas, 3j« Succi limonis, q. s. ad saturandum. Tincturas Scillas, £ss. ---------Opii, gtt. xxx. Aquas Cinnamomi, 5iv. Misce.—Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful every two or three hours throughout the day. 52 DIURETICS. The vinegar or oxymel of squills may be substi- tuted in this preparation, if deemed preferable. We selected the tincture, as being more uniform and least liable to spontaneous changes. Mixture of Wine of Colchicum, fyc. R. Vini Colchici, 3y- Magnesias carbonatis, 3j« Aquas Cinnamomi, ----distillatas, aa. ^iij. Misce, et signa.—A table-spoonful may be taken every three hours. The vinum colchici is recommended by late Euro- pean writers as very beneficial in that particular form of Dispepsia depending upon duodenal irritation; ob- serving at the same time to employ occasional laxa- tives. Mixture of Balsam Copaiva, Cubebs, fyc. R. Balsami Copaivas, Pulveris Cubebas, Mucilaginis gummi Arabici, Tincturas Opii camphoratas, aa. 5ss. Sacchari albi, 3'j« Aquas distillatas, 5viij. Misce secundum artem et signa.—A table-spoonful every three hours for a dose. We think we have found this remedy, in some obstinate cases of gonorrhoea, more efficacious than the formula given in page 51. The tincture of cubebs may be substituted for the powder—and the tinct. opii acetat. 3J. for the paregoric, if desirable. Bal- sam copaiva is sometimes exhibited in the form of enema, for the cure of gonorrhoea, by the French physicians. DIURETICS. 53 Hydragogue Draught of Dr. Ferriar. R. Gambogias, gr. iv. Spiritus nitri dulcis, 3j. Tincturas Sennas, 3'j- Syrupi Rhamni, Aquas Menthas, aa. ?ss. Misce.—Dr. Ferriar observes, that in cases of hydrothorax, where there is imminent danger of suffocation, he has afforded immediate relief by the above draught. Infusion of Dandelion, fyc. R. Infusionis Taraxaci, 5iv, Extracti Taraxaci, 3'j. Carbonatis Sodas, 3ss. Tartratis Potassas, 3iij. Tincturas Rhei, 3iij. ---------Hyosciami, gtt. xx. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—One third part to be taken three times a-day. In dropsical and visceral affections. Dr. Meigs. [ 54 ] CLASS IV. ANTILITHICS AND LITHONTRIPTICS. ANTILITHICS are those substances which arrest or prevent the formation of calculi in the kidneys or bladder. Lithontriptics are supposed to possess the power of dissolving calculous concretions, by acting on the substance which serves as the bond of union to the saline or acid particles composing the stone. To administer these remedies with any degree of success, requires a chemical knowledge of the in- gredients which enter into the formation of the dif- ferent calculi; attention must also be given to the properties of the urine. As derangement of the digestive organs almost al- ways co-exists with these foreign bodies in the uri- nary apparatus, we shall gain a very considerable ad- vantage by combining the remedies of this class with those which have a tendency to restore the healthy actions of the stomach and bowels. When the Lithic or Uric acid abounds in the urine, the alkalies will be found to produce the great- est benefit; but where the salts are evidently of the calcareous or magnesian character, the muriatic, or some one of the mineral acids, will be the most ap- propriate remedy. ANTILITHICS AND LITHONTRIPTICS. 55 POWDERS. Powders of Uva Ursi, Bark, fyc. R. Pulveris Uvas ursi, --------Cinchonas, aa. 3ij- --------Opii, gr. iij. Misce, et divide in chartulas vj.—Of which one may be taken three or four times a-day. The above is the original prescription of Dr. Fer- riar, who advises the patient to drink two ounces of aqua calcis after each dose. PILLS. Soap Pills. R. Saponis albi, 3j» Divide in pilulas xv.—Signa.—One every two hours during the day. Pills of Sub-carbonate of Soda, dried. R. Pilulas. sub-carbonatis Sodas exsiccatas, xij. One three or four times a-day.—As under Diuretics. SOLUTIONS, MIXTURES, &c. Solution of Sub-carbonate of Soda, fyc. R. Sodas sub-carbonatis, 3j. Infusionis Quassias, ^iv. Tincturas Calumbas, |j. Misce.__Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose four times a-day. Solution of Sal Mratus. R. Super-carbonatis Potassas, gr. x. vel xv. Aquas Seltzer, ^vj. Misce.—Draught to be taken three or four times a-day. 56 ANTILITHICS AND LITHONTRIPTICS. Mixture of Sub-carbonate of Soda, fyc. fyc R. Sodas sub-carbonatis, 3j« Misturas amygdalas, ^iv. Balsami Copaivas, 5VJ- Tincturas Opii, gtt. lx. Fiat mistura secundum artem.—Signa.—A table-spoonful pro re nata.—In acute pain. In combination with all these alkaline preparations, demulcent drinks may, with benefit, be freely emr ployed. Lime Water, fyc. R. Sub-carbonatis Potassas, 3u- Aquas Calcis, Oij. Fiat solutio.—Of which a wine-glassful may be taken every two hours, mixed with an equal quantity of new milk. Mixture of Magnesia, fyc. R. Magnesias carbonatis, 3j^ Infusionis Gentianas, ?vj. Fiat mistura.—A wine-glassful to be taken three times a-day. This remedy is recommended by Brande, of Lon- don, as superior to the alkalies, in cases where the uric acid abounds.—See Therapeutics, p. 304. Mixture of Muriatic Acid in Barley Water. R. Acidi muriatici, gtt. lx. Decocti hordei, 5vj. Misce.—Signa.—Dose, an ounce three or four times a-day___In cases of stone, where the calcareous properties are most ap- parent. The nitric acid has been given with the same in- tention, but appears to be less useful than the mu- riatic. ANTILITHICS AND LITHONTRIPTICS. 57 Oil of Turpentine. R. Olei Terebinthinas, 3ss. Signa.—From thirty drops to a large tea-spoonful may be taken on sugar, and repeated pro re nata. See also the formula given under Diuretics. This medicine has been frequently given of late in the passage of urinary calculi down the ureters. It is stated by Dr. Physick, (than whom there can be no higher authority,) that this remedy, proportioned in its dose to the degree of suffering, affords more prompt relief than any other. s L 58 J CL.ASS V. DIAPHORETICS. DURING the exhibition of this class of medicines the patient must be confined to his bed; and when diaphoresis is once excited, every precaution must be taken lest it be suddenly checked. Venesection must generally be resorted to when there is much arterial excitement with great heat of the skin, before we attempt to give diaphoretics. Where the skin continues steadily hot and dry, all external warmth must be removed, and cold water freely applied to the temples, hands, feet, &c, while the room is to be kept cool by a free current of fresh air. Under these circumstances, cold water may be frequently and plentifully drunk by the patient. Dia- phoretics given in conjunction with these general means, will act with much more certainty than if great heat of the surface is maintained by covering the patient with heavy bed-clothes. If it be desirable to produce perspiration when the heat of the skin is not above the natural standard, we shall obtain our object most readily by placing the patient in a warm bed, giving him warm drinks freely, placing his feet in warm water, or applying hot bottles, or bags of sand, to the different parts of his body. The bags of DIAPHORETICS. 59 sand accommodate themselves to the inequalities of the body, and are therefore an excellent means of ap- plying heat externally. Warm bricks, covered with cloths, and wetted with vinegar, may also be used ad- vantageously. Employed in this way they form a steam-bath. The same effect may be produced by conducting the vapour of alcohol through a tube, under the bed-clothes of the patient. In few words, then, we have described the manner of producing diaphoresis under opposite states of the system. In the first instance we solicit, in the second we rather extort it. It may be proper to observe, that in the febrile af- fections the frequent change of linen about the patient is not only warrantable, but absolutely necessary, whilst employing this class of remedies. Where, however, we are desirous of producing what is em- phatically termed " a sweat," we should envelop the patient in a flannel shirt or gown, and avoid, as was before observed, every cause which may suddenly check the cutaneous discharge, and more especially purging and diuresis. POWDERS. Powders with Nitrate of Potash, fyc. R. Pulveris nitratis Potassas, 3j. Tartratis Antimonii, gr. j. Calomelanos, gr. vj. Misce.—Fiant pulveres vj.—Signa.—One to be taken every two hours in sirup or molasses. In febrile affections. The calomel may be omitted or employed, at the discretion of the practitioner. 60 DIAPHORETICS. Powders tuith Opium, Ipecacuanha, fyc. R. Pulveris Opii, gr. iij. --------Ipecacuanhas, gr. vj. Calomelanos, gr. iss. Nitratis Potassas, 3SS- Misce.—Fiant pulveris vj.—Signa.—One to be taken every three or four hours. Powders with Guaiacum, fyc. fyc. R. Pulveris Guaiaci, --------nitratis Potassas, aa. 3j- --------Ipecacuanhas, gr. iij. --------gummi Opii, gr. ij. Misce.—Fiant pulveres vj.—Signa.—One to be taken every three hours in a little jelly or molasses. The last prescription is a stimulating diaphoretic, and is particularly serviceable in acute rheumatism, after the reduction of inflammatory symptoms. Powders of Sulphate of Potash, Opium, fyc, vulgo, Dover's Powders. R. Pulveris Opii, --------Ipecacuanhas, aa. gr. vj. Potassas sulphatis gr. xlviij. Misce.—Fiant pulveres vj.—Signa.—One to be taken three times a-day. The principal use of the salt in this preparation, appears to be to facilitate the minute division of the other two ingredients. Its crystals are extremely hard, and it should therefore be broken down and reduced to powder in a mortar, at the same time with the other articles. It is one of the happiest and most useful combinations, and has stood the test of time and experience with undiminished reputation. To promote its operation, warm drinks may be freely taken after each dose. DIAPHORETICS. 61 Powders with Calomel, Opium, fyc. R. Pulveris Opii, gr. iv. Calomelanos, gr. xvj. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas gr. viij. Misce.—Divide in pulveres viij.—Signa.—One to be taken every hour or two hours. This combination is recommended by Professor Chapman in dysentery. From its evident diaphoretic tendency, we have been induced to place it under this head. Antimonial Powder. R. Oxidi Antimonii cum phosphate Calcis, 3j« Divide in chartulas vj.—Signa.—One every two or three hours in fevers. Mixed in sirup or molasses. This powder, which has been introduced as the succedaneum of the celebrated Fever powder of Dr. James, has lately been pronounced inert by Richard Phillips, a chemist of London. Learning that it had produced no effect when largely exhibited, he deter- mined to examine it chemically, and found it to con- sist of peroxide of antimony, (which he says is inert,) and the phospate of lime in mixture. Dr. Paris ob- serves, u It will be difficult for the chemist to per- suade the physician he can never have derived any benefit from the exhibition of antimonial powder." Powders of Precipitated Sulphur et of Antimony, Calomel, fyc. R. Sulphureti Antimonii prascipitati, Calomelanos, aa. gr. vj. Pulveris Guaiaci, 3j« Misce.—Fiant chartulas vj.—Signa.—To be taken morning and evening, with double or even triple proportion of the ingre- dients if necessary. In some cutaneous diseases. 62 DIAPHORETICS. MIXTURES, &c. Mixture of Sub-carbonate of Potash, Lemon Juice, fyc. vulgo, Neutral or Saline Mixture. R. Succi limonis recentis, ^iss. Subcarbonatis Potassae, q. s. ad satu rand urn, Sacchari albi, 3j« vel 3'j- Tartratis Antimonii, gr. j. Aquas distillatas vel menthas, ^iij. Misce.—A table-spoonful may be taken every two hours in fe- vers. This preparation is one of our most elegant and agreeable diaphoretics. Its powers are decidedly in- creased by the addition of tartar emetic. This, how- ever, may be omitted, and the sweet spirits of nitre substituted, if it be preferred. Pills of Antimonial Powder, Calomel, fyc. R. Pulveris Antimonialis, gr. x. Opii pulveris, Calomelanos, aa. gr. ij. Confectionis rosas, q. s. Fiant pilulas asquales quatuor. Signa.—Two to be taken at bed time. In acute rheumatism. Pills of Tartar Emetic, Camphor, fyc. R, Antimonii tartarizati, gr. ij. Pulveris Opii, gr. vj. Camphoras, gr. xxxvj. Spiritus rectificati, gtt. iij. Conserves rosarum, q. s. Fiant pilulas xij.—Signa.—One to be taken every fourth hour. Pills of Red Sulphuret of Mercury, fyc. R. Hydrargyri sulphureti rubri, Pulveris Serpentarias Virginianas, aa. 3ss. Syrupi simplicis, q. s. Fiant pilulas xij.—Signa.—Two of these may be taken three times a-day. DIAPHORETICS. 63 They are alterative as well as diaphoretic, and will be found useful in herpetic, and other obstinate cuta- neous complaints. Pills of Sulphur et of Antimony, fyc.-—0lim Plummer'a Pills. R. Calomelanos, Antimonii sulphureti, aa. 3SS- Pulveris Guaiaci, 3j. Balsami Copaibas, q. s.—ut fiant pilulas lx. Three of these pills may be taken night and morning. They were recommended by Professor Plummer in leprosy, secondary syphilis affecting the skin, gleets, old ulcers, &c. &c. The decoction of Guaiacum ge- nerally accompanies their use. Anodyne Pills. R. Extracti Opii, gr. x. Antimonii sulphureti prascipitati, gr. xij. Nitratis Potassas, gr. xxiv. Syrupi simplicis, q. s. Fiant pilulas vj. Signa.—One at bed time in rheumatic affections. To diminish pain and produce diaphoresis. M. Recamier. Effervescing Draught. R. Subcarbonatis Potassas, 3'j- Aquas distillatas, ^iv. Misce.—Fiat solutio. R. Succi limonis recentis, Aquas distillatas, jij. Misce, et signa.—Mix two table-spoonsful of the lemonade with one of the alkaline solution, and let it be drunk while effer- vescing, and repeated pro re nata. This preparation differs from the neutral mixture more in the mode of exhibition than in any other im- 64 DIAPHORETICS. portant particular. It is of great value where the irritability of the stomach precludes the use of the ordinary diaphoretics. Sweet Spirits of Nitre, with Antimonial Wine, fyc. R. Tincturas thebaicas, gtt. xxv. Spiritus nitri dulcis, 3j- Vini Antimonii, gtt. xx. Aquas distillatas, 5ss. Fiat mistura.—To be given at a dose, and repeated pro re nata. Dr. Chapman observes in his Therapeutics—" This combination very frequently acts as a diuretic in dropsy, and has more than once, within my know- ledge, removed the effusion in this disease, under circumstances the least to be expected." Sweet Spirits of Nitre, fyc. R. Spiritus nitri dulcis, ^j. Vini Antimonii tartarizati, 3'j- Misce, et signa.—A tea-spoonful may be taken every hour or two hours, in barley water, during the hot stage of intermit- tent and other fevers. Water of Acetated Ammonia, fyc. R. Liquoris Ammonias acetatis, 5ij. Aquas Cinnamomi, 5j. Vini Antimonii, 3j- Aquas distillatas, 5ij. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful every two or three hours. Tincture of Tolu with Wine of Antimony, fyc. R. Tincturas Tolutani, 3v. , Pulveris gummi Arabici, 3iij- Sacchari albi, 3j« Vini Antimonii, 5ss. Aquas Cinnamomi, 5vj. DIAPHORETICS. 65 Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful three or four times a- day. This is a stimulating diaphoretic, and will be found serviceable in pectoral diseases accompanied with an excessive mucous discharge, which appears to de- pend upon debility of the lungs. Mixture with Camphor, Antimonial Wine, fyc. R. Misturas Camphoratas, 5ss. Aquas Ammonias acetatis, 5ss. Vini Antimonii, gtt. xx. Tincturas Opii, gtt. xx. Misce, et signa.—To be taken at bed time, or oftener, but in the latter case diminishing the quantity of laudanum. For the prescription for Mistura Camphorata, see stimulants. Mixture with Guaiacum, fyc. R. Pulveris Guaici, 3ij. --------Nitratis Potassas, 3iss. --------Gummi Arabici, 3j> Tartratis Antimonii, gr. iss. Pulveris Glycyrrhizas, 9j. Aquas distillatas, vel Menthas, 5viij. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful three or four times a- day. This preparation, if made without the extract of liquorice, is disposed to turn green, which gives it an unpleasant appearance, and alarms the patient sometimes so much as to induce him to refrain from it until the physician arrives. It is employed prin- cipally in rheumatic cases.. o 66 DIAPHORETICS. Sirup or Rob Anti-syphilitic of Laffecteur. R. Radicis Smilacis sarsaparillas, Arundinis phragmitis, aa. ^xxx. Florum Boraginis ofiicinalis, ^viij. Foliorum Cassias sennas, Petalarum rosas albas, aa. ^ij. Sacchari albi, Mellis, aa. Jfcvj. Boil the sarsaparilla and marsh reed grass in nine pints of water for one hour; strain off the decoction, and pour the same quantity of water on the residuum, which is to be boiled for two hours: towards the end of the boiling add the borage flowers, senna, and rose leaves, and then strain off, and to both decoctions add the sugar and honey, and boil the whole to the consistence of a sirup. The dose for men is six table-spoonsful, and for women four, taken without addition, at six in the morning. The sarsaparilla ptisan is then to be commenced; and is made as follows:— Boil 313. of sarsaparilla in three quarts of water, to two quarts, suffer it to infuse during the night, and strain it off in the morning. This is to be drunk by the tumblerful, and several are to be taken during the day. The above preparation has lately been asserted, by the New York Medical Society, to be nearly identical with the noted panacea of Swaim. It is believed that corrosive sublimate is often introduced into these nostrums at the discretion of the vender. That both the French and American have frequently salivated, is well ascertained. Decoction of Burdock. R. Radicis Arctii lappas concisas, ^iij. Aquas fontanas, Oiij. DIAPHORETICS. 67 Reduce the fluid by boiling to two pints, and strain. A tea- cupful may be taken for a dose, five or six times a day. Recommended in syphilis, scurvy, arthritic affec- tions, &c. Decoction of Mezereon. R. Corticis radicis Daphnis mezerei, 3vj« Aquas fontanas Jfovj. Reduce by boiling to Jfeiv., and near the end of the decoction, add Radicis Glycyrrhizas glabras, 5j. Strain, and give from one to four pounds per diem, as the stomach will bear it. Re- commended in scrofula complicated with syphilis, &c. Decoction of Lobelia Syphilitica. R. Radicis Lobelias syphiliticas siccatas et concisas, 5ss. Aquas fontanas, ffcxij. Boil down to tfeviij., and strain. Commence with half a pint daily, and increase it to two pints per diem, until free purging is induced; then omit it for three or four days, and resume and continue in this way until a cure is effected. Applicable to secondary syphilis, and those dis- eases depending on the excessive use of mercury. For a variety of decoctions of similar character, see Swediaur on Syphilis. Solution of Sulphate of Magnesia with Tartar Emetic,, Give of this solution a table-spoonful every hour. For the prescription, see Cathartics. Solution of Citrate of Ammonia, fyc. R. Succi limonis recentis, ^j. Sub-carbonatis Ammonias, q. s. ad saturandum, Sacchari albi, 3j« Aquas distillatas, vel Menthas, ^iv. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful may be taken every two or three hours, pro re nata. 68 DIAPHORETICS, This preparation is seldom employed in the prac- tice of this city. It may, however, be beneficially given, where we wish a pleasant stimulating diapho- retic. Infusian of Boneset. R. Eupatorii perfoliati, ^j. Aquas bullientis, Oj. Infuse for thirty minutes in a covered vessel. Then decant and take a wine-glassful every hour, till perspiration is free- ly produced. The infusion must be taken as hot as it can be drunk, otherwise, it will be likely to produce vomiting. Decoction of Sarsaparilla, fyc. R. Give of the Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla, a tea-cup- ful four or five times a-day. This preparation, the formula for which is to be found in almost any Pharmacopoeia, has long been celebrated in the sequelae of syphilis, and the disease produced by the improper exhibition of mercury. It is also much employed in rheumatism. The rules laid down in the Dispensatories for the preparation of the decoction should be closely observed. Infusion of the Asclepias Decumbens, or Pleurisy Root. R. Radicis Asclepiadis decumbentis, ^j. Aquas bullientis, Oiss. Fiat infusio.—Signa.—A tea-cupful to be taken warm, as fre- quently as the stomach will bear it. Professor Chapman observes of this plant—" As a diaphoretic, I think it is distinguished by great cer- tainty and permanency of operation, and has this esti- mable property, that it produces its effects without increasing much the force of the circulation, raising the temperature of the surface, or creating inquietude and restlessness."—Therapeutics, Vol. I. p. 347. DIAPHORETICS. 69 Decoction of Barley with Nitrate of Potash. * R. Decocti Hordei, Oj. Nitratis Potassas, 3'j> Succi limonis, ^j. vel ^ij. Fiat potus.—To be used warm by the patient as a common drink. Infusion of Pipsisseway. R. Pyrolas umbellatas, ^j. Aquas bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusio.—A tea-cupful every two hours. Mixture of Muriate of Baryta, fyc. R. Muriatis Barytas, Muriatis Ferri, aa. ^ss. Aquas distillatas, Syrupi corticis aurantii, aa. ^j. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—The dose may be from twenty to thirty drops every three hours. In some scrofulous diseases of ob- stinate character. Hufeland. * For Decoction of Barley, see Dietetics. [ 70 1 CLASS VI. EXPECTORANTS. DURING the administration of Expectorants the patient should be kept warm, and, if the complaint be violent, in bed. The dose of all Expectorants should be repeated sufficiently often to allay the irri- tation as much as possible; for it is obvious that the act of coughing increases that very irritation which originally gave rise to it. POWDERS, PILLS, &c. Powders of Myrrh, Ipecacuanlia, fyc. R. Pulveris Myrrhas, gr. xij. -------Ipecacuanhas, gr. vj. -------Potassas nitratis, 3ss. Misce, et divide in doses quatuor. One to be taken every fourth hour. A stimulating expectorant.—Paris' Pharmacologia. Compound Powder of Ipecacuanha. R. Pulveris Doveri, 3ss. Divide in chartulas iij.—Signa.—One, two or three times a-day, in sugar and water. This remedy is introduced under the head of Dia- phoretics, where perhaps it most properly belongs; but it often proves of such decided advantage as an expectorant, that it also deserves an insertion here. EXPECTORANTS. 71 Powders with Nitrate of Potash, Calomel, Opium, fyc. R. Nitratis Potassas, 3j« Calomelanos, gr. vj. Pulveris Opii, gr. iij. --------Ipecacuanhas, gr. vj. Misce, et divide in chartulas vj.—Signa.—One every two or three hours in sirup or molasses. This preparation closely resembles the former, with the exception that it contains calomel, which is often serviceable in pleuritic cases. It may be remarked, that all powders containing calomel, or other metallic preparations, should be given in sirup or molasses, as they sink when water is employed as the vehicle. Pills of Sulphate of Zinc and Myrrh. R. Sulphatis Zinci, gr. x. Pulveris Myrrhas, 3'iss. Confectionis rosarum, q. s.—ut fiant pilulas xx. This prescription is taken from the Pharmacologia of Dr. Paris, who recommends two to be taken twice a-day. It is principally used in pertussis, in which dis- ease a more efficient direction would be to give a pill every two hours. Dr. Paris remarks, that the prin- cipal nostrums for whooping-cough are formed either of opium or sulphate of zinc. Pills of Conium, Ipecacuanha, fyc. R. Extracti Conii, Pulveris Ipecacuanhas compositi, aa. gr. x. Misce.—Fiant pilulas iv.—Of which two may be taken at bed- time.—In pulmonary irritation, attended with rheumatic and other local pains. 72 EXPECTORANTS. Pills of Tartar Emetic, fyc. R. Tartratis Antimonii et Potassas, Opii, aa. gr. iij. Pulveris Tragacanthas, gr. x. Conserves rosarum, q. s.—ut fiant pilulas I.--Signa.—Two to be taken night and morning. In obstinate pulmonary catarrh. Dr. Pariset. Pills of Squill, Ammoniac, fyc. R. Pulveris Scillas, gr. xxx. Ammoniaci gummi resinas, 3iss. Extracti Conii, gr. xxx. Contunde simul, et divide massam in pilulas asquales xxx.—Of which two may be taken twice a-day. In asthma and chronic catarrh. Pills of Squill, Calomel, fyc. R. Calomelanos, gr. iij. Scillas recentis, Ammoniaci gummi resinas, aa. 9j. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas compositi, 3j. Confectionis rosas, q. s.—ut fiat massa et divide in pilulas xxx.—Signa.—One three or four times a-day. In troublesome cough. Dr. Latham. The recent squill is greatly preferred by some physicians. It is generally given in doses double the size of those of the dried article. Pills of Sulphate of Zinc. R. Sulphatis Zinci, 9ss. Conservas rosarum, q. s.— ut fiant pilulas xx.—One of these pills may be given three times a-day. They are recommended by some physicians in phthisis and pertussis. EXPECTORANTS. 73 Pills of Calomel, Squills, fyc. R. Calomelanos, gr. xxiv. Pulveris Scillas, 3ss. Tartratis Antimonii, gr. vj. Pulveris Opii, gr. xviij. Fiant pilulas xxiv.—Signa.—One every night. In catarrhal af- fections. Ipecacuanha Pills. R. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, gr. xv. Saponis albi, q. s.—ut fiant pilulas xv.—Signa.—One three times a-day. These pills are employed in protracted catarrh, and in some cases of incipient phthisis. Pills of Myrrh, fyc. R. Myrrhas gummi resinas, 3iss. Scillas exsiccatas, 3ss. Extracti Hyosciami, 9ij. Aquas distillatas, q. s.—ut fiant pilulas xxx.—Two to be ta- ken night and morning. These pills are recommended by Dr. Paris, in cases of phthisis and catarrh attended with great de- bility of the lungs. Lozenges with Liquorice, Opium, fyc. R. Pulveris gummi Acacias, --------Extracti Glycyrrhizas, --------Sacchari albi, aa. 3\j« --------Opii, gr. vj. Olei Anisi, gtt. iv. Misce, et adde— Aquas fontanas, q. s.—ut fiant trochisci lx.—Signa.—One of these may be dissolved in the mouth three or four times a- day. They are the celebrated Cough Lozenges of Dr. Wistar. 10 74 EXPECTORANTS. MIXTURES, SIRUPS, &c. Mixture with Extract of Liquorice, fyc, vulgo, Brown Mixture. R. Pulveris extracti Glycyrrhizas, --------gummi Arabici, aa. 3y. Aquas ferventis, ^iv. Misce.—Fiat solutio, et adde— Spiritus nitri dulcis, 3ij- Vini Antimonii, 3>j« Tincturas Opii, gtt. xl. vel lx. Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose, pro re nata. In catarrh. Mixture with Sirup of Squills, fyc. R. Syrupi Scillas, ^ss. Tincturas Opii camphoratas, 3Jj- Vini Antimonii, 3j- Pulveris gummi Arabici, 3SS« Aquas distillatas, ^ij. Misce, et signa.—A tea-spoonful every hour or two hours. This is more particularly designed for children. Compound Sirup of Squills, vulgo, Coxe's Hive Sirup. R. Syrupi Scillas compositi, ^j. A tea-spoonful may be given to a child of one year old every quarter, half, or one hour, according to the violence of the disease. Strongly recommended in pertussis, by Professor Coxe. The following appears to be a more elegant com- pound. R. Infusionis Polygalas senekas, 5iv. Syrupi Ipecacuanhas, ^j. Oxymellis Scillitici, 3iij. Tartratis Antimonii, gr. iss. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful pro re nata for children of two years of age. In croup. EXPECTORANTS. 75 Mixture of Extract of Conium, fyc. R. Extracti Conii maculati, 3j. Tincturas Opii camphoratas, 5ss. Syrupi Tolutani, ^ss. Aquas rosarum, 5iv. Misce, et signa.—From half to a whole tea-spoonful may be given once in four hours to a child one year old. Dr. Pearson, in his work on pertussis, recommends the above as a valuable formula where a narcotic ie wanted. Mixture of Almond Emulsion, fyc. R. Misturas Amygdalae, ^v. Vini Ipecacuanhas, Tincturas Scillas, aa. 3j- Syrupi Tolutani, 3vj. Misce, et signa.—Take a table-spoonful whenever the cough is urgent. Almond emulsion is prepared by depriving the kernels of sweet almonds of their skins by immersing them in warm water, (called blanching.) Then beat- ing them with some sugar to a pulp in a mortar, and adding water gradatim until an emulsion of sufficient thickness is formed. It is then to be strained. White Linctus. R. Amygdalarum dulcium, no. xv. Gummi Tragacanthas, 9j. Syrupi simplicis, 5j. Olei Amygdali communis, 3>j- Aquas florum Aurant: 3ij« ----distillatas, 5iv. Misce.—Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose, frequently through the day. In catarrh. 76 EXPECTORANTS. Mistura Moschi. See Antispasmodics. Mixture of Oil of Amber, fyc. R. Olei Succini rectificati, gtt. Ixxx. Gummi Arabici, Sacchari albi, aa. ^ss. Tincturas balsami Tolutani, 3ij. Aquas distillatas, ^iv. Fiat mistura secundum artem.—Signa.—A table-spoonful every two or three hours. In spasmodic cough. Mixture with Sub-carbonate of Potash, fyc. R. Sub-carbonatis Potassas, 3ij. Vini Antimonii, 3j- Tincturas Opii, gtt. xl. Spiritus Lavendulas compositi, 3u- Aquas distillatas, ^iv. Fiat mistura.—And let a table-spoonful be taken every hour or two hours. Mixture with Sub-carbonate of Soda, fyc. R. Sub-carbonatis Sodas, gr. xij. Vini Ipecacuanhas, gtt. xx. Tincturas Thebaicas, gtt. iv. Aquas distillatas, ^j. Misce.—Signa.—Give a tea-spoonful every two or three hours. This preparation is designed for children, and is chiefly used in pertussis. Solution of Sub-carbonate of Potash with Cochineal. R. Sub-carbonatis Potassas, 9j. Pulveris Coccinellas, 9ss. Sacchari albi, 3j. Aquas distillatas, ^iv. Fiat solutio.—Dose for children a tea-spoonful every two or three hours. This is a popular remedy in pertussis. EXPECTORANTS. 77 Mixture with Tincture of Digitalis, fyc. R. Tincturas Digitalis, ^ss. -------Opii, gtt. lx. Aquas distillatas, 5ijss. Misce.—A small tea-spoonful may be taken three or four times a-day. In haemoptysis, and in incipient phthisis. Solution of Asafcetida, fyc. R. Gummi Asafcetidas, 3j« Aquas distillatas, ^iv. Fiat solutio, et adde— Tincturas Tolutani, ^ss. --------Opii, gtt. xl. vel. I. A tea-spoonful to a child every two hours, and a pap-spoonful, (or more,) as frequently to an adult. This preparation is one of great value in pertussis and all spasmodic diseases of the chest. Tincture of Blood Root. R. Tincturas Sanguinarias Canadensis, Saturatas, quantum pla- cet. Direct from 30 to 50 drops twice in the day. This native product is one of the most powerful me- dicinal agents. It is violently emetic in large doses. In the quantity recommended it is said to produce dia- phoresis, as well as effects analogous to digitalis. Its active principle has been separated and is called il sang ulnar ina." Solution of Gum Ammoniac, fyc. R. Gummi Ammoniaci, 3j- Aquas distillatas, 5iv. Fiat solutio, et adde— Oxymellis Scillas, iij. Tincturas Opii camphoratas, ?ss. A table-spoonful may be given every two hours. 78 EXPECTORANTS. This is a stimulating expectorant, and is useful in cases where debility appears to be the principal dis- ease of the lungs. Mixture with Milk of Asafoetida and Acetate of Ammonia. R. Gummi Asafostida, 3ss. Liquoris Ammonias acetatis, Aquas Mentha?, aa. ^ij. Fiat mistura.—A tea-spoonful to children, and a table-spoonful to adults in coughs, pro re nata. The simple solution of asafoetida is frequently employed, and may, in some cases, be found to answer every purpose of a more complicated pre- scription. Mixture of Copaiba and Bals. Tola, fyc. R. Balsami Copaibas, --------Tolu, Pulveris gummi Arabici, aa. 5ss. Acidi sulphurici aromatici, gtt. 1. Aquas distillatas, 5vj. Fiat mistura.—Dose, a table-spoonful, pro re nata. In chronic whooping-cough. Where there is hectic excitement, digitalis may be added. Tincture of Tolu with Digitalis, fyc. R. Tincturas Tolutani, 5iss. Acidi sulphurici aromatici, Tincturas Digitalis, Vini Antimonii, aa. 3ij- Mellis despumati, 5iss. Pulveris Glycyrrhizas, 5ss. Aquas distillatas, ^vj. Fiat mistura, et signa.—A table-spoonful to be given, according to circumstances. In Tussis senilis. EXPECTORANTS. 79 Mixture with Balsam Peru, fyc. R. Balsami Peruviani, 3ss. Mucilaginis Acacias, 3ij- Aquas Cinnamomi, -----distillatas, aa. 5ss. Misce.—Signa.—To be taken at once, and repeated three or four times a-day. In cases of debilitated lungs. The different Balsams have been almost proscribed from the class of expectorants, on account of their stimulating qualities. Balsam Copaiva was once em- ployed, and has again been proposed by a modern writer, in diseases of the trachea. The author once used it with great advantage in that peculiar hoarseness which sometimes results from a violent attack of measles. Mixture of Gum Ammoniac and Nitric Acid, vulgo, Nitric Lac Ammoniac. R. Gummi Ammoniaci, 9ijss. Acidi nitrici, 3»j- Aquas distillatas, ^viij. Pour the nitric acid and water together, then add the compound gradually to the gum, incorporating them well in a composi- tion mortar. A table-spoonful may be taken three or four times a-day. This preparation is strongly recommended in pro- tracted catarrh, and some stages of phthisis pulmo- nalis, by Dr. J. Stuart, author of a treatise ora Colds. Mixture of Spermaceti, fyc. R. Spermatis Ceti, 3ij. Sacchari albi, 3iij- Tincturas Opii camphoratas, ?ss. Aquas distillatas, ^viij. 80 EXPECTORANTS. Rub the spermaceti and sugar together with the yolk of an egg, then gradually mix the water.—A table-spoonful for a dose, four or five times a-day. In Catarrh. Mucilage of Gum Arabic. R. Gummi Acacias optimi, ^j. Aquas ferventis, ^iv. Fiat solutio. Used in most pectoral diseases. Infusion of Flaxseed, fyc. R. Seminum Lini contus: ^j. Radicis Glycyrrhizas, ^ss. Aquas bullientis, Oij. Macerate for two or three hours near the fire in a covered ves- sel; strain, and add lemon juice sufficient to make it agree- able. It may be given as a common drink in catarrh. Decoction of Iceland Moss. R. Lichenis Islandici, ^j. Aquas fontanas, Oiss. Boil to one pint, and strain. This remedy once acquired great celebrity in coughs; but was overrated, and lost its reputation. It contains a bitter quality, which often recommends it in dispepsia and in phthisis. From this it may be freed if necessary, by macerating it before boiling, and throwing the first liquor away. To be taken ad libitum by the patient. Prussic or Hydrocyanic Acid. As prussic acid rises to the top of an aqueous mix- ture, and thereby renders the dose very uncertain, we prefer directing the patient to drop the dose EXPECTORANTS. 81 each time into a solution of gum Arabic or simple sirup. It should be kept covered from the light, and not allowed to be accessible to those unacquaint- ed with its power, as even a strong inhalation will sometimes prostrate an adult. The physician should also know after what process the acid is made that he prescribes. That of Scheele, who discovered it, af- fords an acid containing some water, and this may be unequal at different times. The process of Gay Lussac, yields a fluid free from admixture, and of course much more energetic than the former. Ma- jendie directs the Prussic acid of Gay Lussac to be diluted with 8.5 times its weight of water, and this he denominates Medicinal Prussic Acid. This re- medy is doubtless very efficacious in some diseases, but it is to be regretted that it is liable to such ine- quality of strength. We are told by Majendie, that, left to itself in close vessels, it decomposes sometimes in less than an hour, and can scarcely be kept over fifteen days. This is to be understood only of the acid of Gay Lussac. The Prussic acid of Brande, as kept in our shops, may be commenced in doses of a drop three times a- day in mucilago acaciae, or sugar and water, and augmented one drop daily, until its action on the system is fully displayed. Majendie directs the following", among other for- mulae, for the exhibition of his medicinal Prussic acid. Pectoral Mixture. R. Acidi Hydrocyanici medicinalis, 3,j- Aquas distillatas, fly. Sacchari albi, 5iss. 11 82 EXPECTORANTS. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A pap-spoonful may be taken morning and evening, and gradually increased, (if necessary,) to six or eight spoonsful in the twenty-four hours—shaking the vial each time. Prussic acid is also used externally, in the propor- tion of 31J. to Oj. of water, or other fluids. In can- cerous ulcers; dartre; and injected into the vagina, in cancer of the uterus.—See Majendie's Formulary, Edit. 5th, p. 66. Dr. Morton's mode of administering Prussic acid is as follows:— e< In prescribing it I have mostly confined myself to a single prescription, which is a slight modifica- tion of that recommended by Dr. Granville of Lon- don.—Let half an ounce of gum Arabic be dissolved in seven ounces and a half of water, to which add half an ounce of sirup of tolu and twelve drops of Prussic acid prepared according to the formula of the London Pharmacopoeia. Of this mixture, a table-spoonful may be taken every three hours,—a medium dose which I prefer in commencing the use of so powerful a medicine.—Illustrations of Pulmo- nary Consumption, p. 132. Cyanide of Potassium. By dissolving this substance in eight times its weight of distilled water, it becomes the hydrocya- nate of potassa, and may be employed as a remedy in the same doses as Prussic acid. It is said to exer- cise the same power over the system as the latter, with the advantage of being a more uniform and per- manent medicine. EXPECTORANTS. 83 Pectoral Mixture with Hydrocyanate of Potassa. R. Solutionis Hydrocyanitis Potassas, 3ss. Sacchari albi, ^ss. Aquas distillatas, Oss. Misce.—Signa.—Give a table-spoonful morning and evening— increasing the dose as the patient can bear it. Mixture of Gum Ammoniac, fyc. R. Misturas Ammoniaci, 5iij. Tincturas Castorei, 3ss. Syrupi Tolutani, |ss. Tincturas Opii, gtt. v. Aquas Cinnamomi, 5j. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A small table-spoonful every three or four hours in troublesome cough. Dr. Meigs. Mixture of Morphia, and Tolu. R. Oxymellis Scillas, ^iss. Syrupi Tolutani, ^ss. Acetatis Morphia;, gr. ij. Misce.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful may be taken every two or three hours, pro re nata. Useful in Phthisis pulmonalis, and other diseases attended with troublesome cough. Dr. Meigs. Tolu with Morphia and Antimony. R. Mucilaginis gummi Arabici, ^xvj. Syrupi Tolutani, 5ij. Morphias sulphatis, gr. iss vel ij. Antimonii tartarizati, gr. ij. Misce, et signa.—A table-spoonful to be given every two hours. Morton on Consumption, page 123. Decoction of Seneka Root. R. Radicis Polygalas senegas contusas, ij. ------Glycyrrhizas, 5ss. Aquas distillatas, Oiss. Boil down to a pint, and strain. 84 EXPECTORANTS. This decoction is serviceable in pectoral diseases. In croup, the author has seen it productive of great benefit. INHALATION. Inhalation is a means of applying remedies direct- ly to the lungs. The best instrument for this purpose is the Inha- ler of Mudge. As a substitute for this, the common tea-pot may be used, or a funnel inverted over a bowl. The substances usually selected for inhalation are— The steam of warm water. The steam of vinegar, produced by pouring it into boiling water. Also, Balsam Tolu, as follows:— R. Balsami Tolutani, |j. Aquas bullientis, Oj. Misce.—To be inhaled in debility of the lungs. Ether is also used alone, or impregnated. When saturated with cicuta, and inhaled from a wine-glass, it is said to be serviceable in protracted catarrh, pneu- monia, consumption, &c. Dr. Morton advises Dr. Pearson's formula, which consists in keeping a drachm of powdered cicuta in an ounce of ether for a week. A tea-spoonful or two of this impregnated fluid may be inhaled at a time, and repeated thrice per diem.— Morton on Consumption, page 136. Stramonium is an article recommended particularly in asthma and consumption. The root is cut, dried, and smoked from a common pipe. Fumigations of tar and turpentine are also recom- EXPECTORANTS. 85 mended from high authority. The former is said to have cured consumption. The remedy is applied by placing the tar on a dish over coals, and suffering it slowly to evaporate. The fumes of resin are frequently employed by Dr. Parrish, of this city; he directs it to be put on a hot shovel, or coals, and allows the patient to inhale it gradually until it is ascertained whether it can be borne. To some persons it is very agreeable, while the lungs of others cannot tolerate it. He has found it beneficial in debility of the lungs, whether idio- pathic or the result of disease; and also advises it in pertussis and phthisis. In some cases of croup, the inhalation of ether or Hoffman's anodyne will often procure the most prompt relief, and gain time for the application of general remedies. [ 86 ] CL.ASS VII. EMMENAGOGUES. Emmenagogues are those medicines which pro- mote the menstrual discharge, or restore it when en- tirely suppressed. Although by some authors the specific action of these medicines on the uterus, has been questioned, if not denied, yet by others, whose authority is equally to be trusted, it has been fully acknowledged. It must, however, be observed, that amenorrhoea occurs under opposite states of the system; and where general debility appears to be the cause of the local disease it is advisable to accompany the eramena- gogue with an active course of tonics. While, on the contrary, if the obstruction be the effect of a ple- thoric habit, bleeding, cathartics, &c, are essential preliminaries to the exhibition and success of a spe- cific remedy. POWDERS. Powder of Hiera Picra. R. Pulveris Hieras picras, 3j. Divide in chartulas vj.—One three times a-day. This article is placed under the head of cathartics, but it is a remedy so generally employed as an em- EMMENAGOGUES. 87 menagogue, that it appears necessary also to insert it here. Powder of Madder. R. Pulveris Rubias tinctori, 5ss. Signa.—A small tea-spoonful to be taken morning, noon, and night, in sugar and water. It should be remembered that there are three or four qualities of madder, and this circumstance may often account for the failure of this remedy. Dr. Dewees frequently employs it. Powder with Savin, fyc. R. Sabinas exsiccatas, Pulveris Zingiberis, aa. 3j« -------Potassas sulphatis, 5'j* Fiant pulveres vj.—Signa.—One to be taken twice a-day. Powder with Savin and Cantharides. R. Pulveris Sabinas, 3'j- -------Cantharidum, gr. ij. Misce et divide in pulveres iv.—Signa.—One to be taken every night, going to bed. Powder of Spurred Rye. R. Pulveris Secalis cornuti, 9ij. Divide in chartulas iv.—Of which one may be taken morning and night, in sugar and water. Drs. Chapman and Dorsey have placed this remedy under the head of emmenagogues, though we are not aware that it has ever been successfully employed as such. PILLS. Pills of Myrrh, Sulphate of Iron, fyc. R. Gummi Myrrhas, Sulphatis Ferri, aa. 9ij. Sub-carbonatis Potassas, Saponis purificati, aa. %s&. 88 EMMENAGOGUES. Fiat massa, in pilulas xl. dividenda.—Of which two may be taken morning, noon, and night. In that suppression of the catamenia which is incident to phthisis pulmonalis. Hooper's Pills. R. Sulphatis Ferri, 9j. Pulveris Sennas, --------Jalapas, --------Super-tartratis Potassas, aa. 9ss. --------Zingiberis, gr. xij. Syrupi simplicis, q. s.—ut fiat massa, in pilulas xxv. divi- denda. The patient is directed to take three twice in the day, followed by twenty drops of the tinctura ferri muriatis, in a glass of some bitter infusion. This compound is sold by the apothecaries as a patent medicine. Pills of Aloes, Sulphate of Iron, fyc R. Sulphatis Ferri exsiccati, 9j. Pulveris Aloes, 9ij. --------Caryophyl: gr. v. Terebinthinas venetas, q. s.—ut fiant pilulas xx.—Signa.— One to be taken three times a-day. DECOCTIONS, TINCTURES, &c. Decoction of Seneka. R. Radicis Senegas contusas, 5j. Corticis Aurantii, ij. Aquas distillatas, Oj. Let the seneka simmer over a slow fire until the fluid be reduced one-third; add the orange-peel, cover until cool, and then strain. Dr. Chapman observes—" My rule in the adminis- tration of the medicine in these cases, (that is, of amenorrhcea,) is to give about four ounces of the de- coction, more or less, during the day, according to EMMENAGOGUES. 89 the circumstances of the case. But at the time when the menstrual effort is expected to be made, and until the discharge is actually induced, I push the dose as far as the stomach will allow, having given as much as two ounces every hour."—Therapeutics, Vol. II. p. 38. Infusion of Secale Cornutum. R. Secalis Cornuti contusi, 3'j- Aquas bullientis, 5vj. Fiat infusio.—To be given by spoonsful, in protracted parturi- tion occasioned by deficiency of contractile power in the uterus. For the same purpose the powder may also be given in doses of gj., as well as to assist in arresting uterine hemorrhage, and to cause the expulsion of the placenta. Decoction of Madder. R. Pulveris Rubias tincturi, ^j. Aquas bullientis, Oj. Simmer for fifteen minutes—et adde— Caryophylli contusi, Oj. Signa.—When cool, strain and give a wine-glassful every three hours, a short time before the expected return of the menstrual discharge.—See Dewees on Females, p. 74. Mixture of Camphor, fyc R. Camphoras, 9j. Spiritus vinosi rectificati, q. s.—ut fiat pulvis: dein adde— Pulveris gummi Arabici, 3j« Sacchari albi, q. s. Aquas Cinnamomi, ^j. Fiat mistura. This mixture would more properly appear under the head of Narcotics, but as Dr. Dewees considers it particularly efficacious in dysmenorrhoea, we have given it a place with emmenagogues. He directs 12 90 EMMENAGOGUES. " one-half the above draught to be given the instant pain is experienced, and if not relieved in an hour or two, the remainder to be given."—Syst. Mid. p. 158. Tincture of Hellebore. R. Tincturas Hellebori nigri, ^j. Signa.—A tea-spoonful three times a-day, increasing the quan- tity as the stomach will admit of it. Tincture of Hellebore, Myrrh, fyc. R. Tincturas Hellebori nigri, ^ss. ---------Myrrhas, ^j. ---------Cantharidum, 3'j« Fiat mistura.—The patient may take thirty drops, three times a-day, in a little sugar and water. Tincture of Savin, fyc. R. Tincturas Sabinas compositas, ^j. ---------Hellebori nigri, ^ss. ---------Castorei, 3'j- Fiat mistura.—Signa.—To take forty drops three times a-day, in any vehicle. Tincture of Guaiacum, (Dewees.) R. Pulveris Guaiaci, 5iv. Carbonatis Sodas vel Potassas, 31SS- Pulveris Pimentas, ^j. Alcoholis diluti, fty. Misce.—" Digest for a few days.—The volatile spirit of ammo- nia to be added pro re nata, in the proportion of a drachm or two, to every four ounces of tincture." The above formula is different from that adopted in the Pharmacopoeias, for which reason we have in- serted it here. Dr. Dewees informs us, that after near- ly thirty-five years' experience with this tincture, he has never known it fail in restoring the suppressed catamenia, where the suppression was an idiopathic EMMENAGOGUES. 91 disease. He gives it morning, noon, and night, in doses of a tea-spoonful in a little sweetened milk; and sometimes in a little Madeira, sherry, or Tene- riffe wine. It is occasionally necessary to continue the medicine for some weeks, on which occasion, the dose must be judiciously augmented.—Syst. Mid. p. 149. Volatile Tincture of Guaiacum, fyc. R. Tincturas Guaiaci volatilis, ^j. Balsami Copaibas, ^ss. Misce.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful two or three times a-day. In cases of amenorrhcea connected with general debility. Tincture of Iodine. R. Iodini optimi, 9ij. Spiritus vini rectificati, 5j. Spiritus Lavendulas compositi, 3ij- Fiat tinctura.—Signa.—From ten to twenty drops twice a-day, gradually increasing it to forty drops. The above, we are informed by M. Durand, apo- thecary of this place, is a saturated tincture. Dr. Bell has used it beneficially in amenorrhoea, gonor- rhoea, leucorrhcea, &c. From its great activity, it requires to be cautiously administered. Solution of Hydriodate of Potassa. R. Hydriodatis Potassas, 3j- Aquas distillatas, 5j. Fiat solutio.—Signa.—Thirty drops of this solution is directed by Dr. Bell in the above cases.—See N. A. M. and S. Journal, Oct. 1828. Injection of Aqua Ammonia, fyc. R. Aquas Ammonias, gtt. xx. Lactis recentis, 5i. 92 EMMENAGOGUES. Misce.—Signa.—This quantity to be thrown into the vagina three or four times a-day in cases of amenorrhcea. Tincture of Cantharides, (Dewees.) This tincture, as prepared from the formula of Dr. Dewees, differs from that kept in the shops in strength only. Ten drops may be taken three times a-day, and gradually increased; and, if necessary, until strangury is induced. Mixture of Muriate of Iron, fyc. R. Tincturas Muriatis Ferri, ---------Aloes compositas, aa. ?ss. ---------Castorei, 3>j- Fiat mistura.—Signa.—Take a tea-spoonful three times a-day in a wine-glassful of camomile tea. Tincture of Hiera Picra. R. Tincturas Hieras Picras, 5j. Signa.—A tea-spoonful to be taken three times a-day in sugar and water. Compound Tincture of Aloes. R. Tincturas Aloes et Myrrhas, 5j. Dose.—A tea-spoonful pro re nata. r 93 ] CLASS VIII. ANTHELMINTICS. Anthelmintics are medicines employed to de- stroy and bring away worms from the alimentary canal. They are also termed Vermifuges. The only unequivocal proof of the existence of worms in the alimentary canal is the ejection of some of them per anum, or, as sometimes happens, by the mouth. When, in such cases vermifuges are resorted to, they must be persevered in for several days, with the occasional intervention of an active cathartic. POWDERS. Calomel with Gamboge. R. Calomelanos, gr. v. Pulveris Gambogias, gr. vj. vel x. Misce.—For an adult.—To be taken in sirup early in the morn- ing. Gamboge is sometimes given in doses of fifteen or twenty grains for the tape-worm, and is highly spoken of in such cases. Calomel with Pink-Root. R. Calomelanos, gr. iv. Pulveris Spigelias, gr. x. Misce.—Signa.—To be taken two mornings in succession, and on the afternoon of the second day, followed by a dose of castor oil or senna and manna.—For children upwards of four years old. 94 ANTHELMINTICS. Pink-Root with Savin, fyc. R. Pulveris Spigelias, -------Sennas, aa. 9ij. -------Sabinas, gr. xij. Fiant chartulas vj.—Signa.—One every morning till three are taken, then give a dose of castor oil; if the effect is not pro- duced, the remainder may be exhibited after the same manner. Common Salt with Cochineal. R. Muriatis Sodas, 3hj« Coccinellas pulverizatas, gr. xv. Fiant doses vj.—Signa.—One every morning, following the last dose with some purgative medicine. Dr. Rush speaks in high terms of this remedy. Carbonate of Iron. R. Carbonatis Ferri, 3j- Divide in chartulas iij.—One powder to be taken before break- fast. Of this remedy, also, the late Professor Rush had a very favourable opinion. He gave it in doses of from 5 grs. to 3SS. to children of from one year old to ten, and sometimes in half ounce doses, with safety and success. It is chiefly used in tape-worm.—See Observ. and Inquiries, p. 243. Powder of Male Fern. Give of the powder of the Male Fern Root from one to three drachms, in a large cupful of any distilled water, early in the morning. If the stomach should reject it, the powder must be repeated again, as soon as the sickness has gone oft", in the same quantity. When it has been upon the stomach about two hours, a strong cathartic bolus made of calomel and gam- boge, (eight or ten grs. of the last and five or six grs. of the first,) must be taken, and worked off with a draught of green tea every now and then; and its operation may be still farther promoted, if necessary, by half an ounce, or 3vj. of salts, dis- solved in warm water. Till the worm comes away, which generally happens on the same day, the patient is to take no- ANTHELMINTICS. 95 thing but broth. If, however, the worm should not be dis- charged, either wholly or in part, the powder is to be repeated with the same regimen, the next day. In the tape-worm.— Nouffer. It has been suggested, and with great probability, that the purge directed to follow this remedy is that on which the greatest reliance is to be placed. Tin Electuary. R. Pulveris Stanni, 3vj. vel ^j. *Sacchari liquidi, 5iv. Misce.—Two or three table-spoonsful may be given early in the morning; to be repeated till the whole be taken, and then fol- lowed by an active cathartic. The efficacy of this remedy, is said to be increased by combination with sulphur, by which means sul- phuretted hydrogen would be generated, and the worm destroyed by this offensive gas. Larger doses than those mentioned are sometimes prescribed. Cowhage Electuary. R. Spicularum Dolichi, 3j- Mellis liquidi, q. s.—ut fiat electuarium.—Dose, a tea- spoonful to a child two or three years old; to be given before breakfast in the mornings of three successive days, and then fol- lowed by a brisk cathartic. In Lumbrici. Vermifuge Bolus. R. Calomelanos, gr. ij. Seminum Artemisias santonicas, gr. viij. Camphoras, gr. vj. Syrupi, q. s.—ut fiat bolus. To be repeated pro re nata—for children of four or six years of age. Ratier's Formulary. INFUSIONS, DECOCTIONS, &c. Infusion of Pink-Root, fyc., vulgo, Worm- Tea. R. Radicis Spigelias Marilandicas, 5ss. * Molasses. Any sirup, will, of course, answer the same purpose, 96 ANTHELMINTICS, Sennas foliorum, 3'j« Mannas optimas, ^j. Seminum Fceniculi, 3ij. vel ^ss. Aquas bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusio.—Signa.—A wine-glassful may be given to a child of two years old, three or four times a-day. Pills of Venice Turpentine, fyc. R. Terebinthinas venetas, 3j- Extracti Hyosciami, gr. iv. Calomelanos, gr. viij. Fiat massa, et divide in pilulas singulas gr. ij. Of these four are to be taken every three hours, and during the entire period, the patient is to take only weak broth, tea, or coffee. They are strongly recommended by some of the German practitioners in tape-worm. Infusion of Pink-Root. R. Radicis Spigelias, ^j. Aquas bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusio.—Of which a child may take from one to two table- spoonsful at a dose; an adult from ^j. to ^iv. The spigelia sometimes affects children violently; hence, the necessity of caution in its use. Decoction of the Geoffrea Bark. R. Corticis Geoffreas, ^j. Aquas fontanas, Oij. To be boiled over a slow fire until it assume the colour of am- ber or Madeira wine.—Dose for adults four table-spoonsful; for children two or three years old, one table-spoonful; and so in proportion to the age and strength of the patient.—The dose of the extract of this medicine is stated by Dr. Chapman to be three grains, and of the powder, 3ss. We are not aware that the remedy has been much employed in this city. Cold water is to be avoided while using this decoction; if, however, any unplea- sant consequences'follow its exhibition, and particular- ANTHELMINTICS. 97 Iy where an overdose has been given, our best resource is Oleum Ricini, together with tepid water acidu- lated with lemon juice, or some other vegetable acid. Mixture of Worm-seed Oil. R. Olei Chenopodii, 3j- Sacchari albi, Gummi Arabici, aa. 3iss. Misce, secundum artem; tunc adde— Aquas Menthas sativas, 5ijss. A tea-spoonful of this preparation may be given four times a-day for two days in succession, and then purged off with castor oil or salts.—For children of three to eight years old. This is a vermifuge of considerable reputation in this country. It is generally used in Lumbrici and Ascarides; though we have heard of its having been successfully given for Tenia, but in much larger doses. Spirit of Turpentine, Is recommended for Tape-worm, in doses of 5ss. to 5ij. daily, taken in honey. Dr. Chapman speaks highly of this remedy; and the safety of such doses seems to be now fully established. Olive Oil and Ammonia. R. Olei Olivarum, ^viij. Spiritus Ammonias aromatici, 3'j« Dose, three spoonsful night and morning. This remedy is highly spoken of by some authors, and may be given in much larger quantities; if it should not purge, it will be necessary to follow it with some aloetic or other cathartic preparation. Decoction of the Bark of Pomegranate. R. Corticis radicis Granati, 3Vh Aquas distillatas, Oiss. To be boiled away one-half, and given in doses of an ounce se- veral times in the day. 13 98 ANTHELMINTICS. The efficacy of the bark of the root of the Pome- granate, says Dr. Ainslie, (Mat. Med. of Hindostan,) as a remedy for the tape-warm, is now well esta- blished in India.—Paris, vol. ii. p. 173. Aloetic Enema. R. Gummi Aloes, 3'j- Lactis recentis, Oj. Fiat enema.—The half of this may be given to a child eight or ten years old. In Ascarides. Spirits of Turpentine with Hartshorn. R. Olei Cornu Cervi fostidi, ^ss. ----Terebinthinas, ^iss. Misce, et signa.—A tea-spoonful to be given every morning. In taenia. M. Chabert. Spirit of Turpentine, Ether, fyc. R. Olei Terebinthinas, 5ss. Etheris sulphurici, gij. Pulveris gummi Arabici, 5ss. Aquas Chamasmelas distillatas, 5xvj. Misce, et signa.—Two table-spoonsful to be taken morning and evening. In tasnia. Dr. Frank. Enema of Camphor, fyc R. Camphoras, 3j. Olei olivarum, 5ij. Misce pro enemate. This preparation is particularly adapted to Asca- rides, and should be freely thrown up the rectum for three or four successive nights. No remedy is more effectual than this in relieving the intolerable itching caused by those worms. Enemata are the most certain of all remedies in Ascarides; they may be made of various substances, such as solution of asafoetida, of common salt, hepar sulphuris, &c. &c. [ 99 1 CLASS IX. EPISPASTICS. " By the ancients, all the external applications which redden or inflame the skin, were called Epis- pastice, and these were designated according to the several degrees of effect:—the slightest, entitled phos- nigmoi ; the next, sinapismi; the more active, vesi- catorii; and the strongest, caustici." We shall, however, as heretofore, follow the ar- rangement adopted by Dr. Chapman, and divide them into rubefacients, blisters, and caustics. And with him too, we shall first speak of blisters. As a general rule, blisters should remain on the patient twelve hours, in order to ensure their full ef- fect. There are individuals, however, whose skins are so delicate, that a shorter application will an- swer every purpose; in children, it is seldom, and perhaps never, necessary to leave them on longer than six or eight hours. When they are applied to the scalp, twenty-four hours is almost universally re- quired; and Dr. Chapman directs the hair to be shaved, if possible, some hours before the application is made. The usual dressing, when a blister is taken off, is 100 EPISPASTICS. the basilicon ointment, or cabbage leaves, for the first few times, and then the ceratum simplex. In order to keep it open, the weak epispastic, or savin ointment, will be found sufficient. In cases of acute disease, these remedies ought ne- ver to precede those means which have a tendency to reduce the system. It is generally admitted, that otherwise employed, they do harm, though there are individuals of acknowledged experience, who say, (i they can bring a patient to the blistering point at pleasure;" and in pleurisy, and some other acute diseases, apply them soon after a free bleeding. The blister should be placed as near the affected part as possible. In fevers they are usually put on the inside of the forearms or legs, back of the neck, or between the shoulders. Where the system is very prostrate, they should be applied to the inside of the thighs, or the last two places mentioned: for when the circulation is very languid in the extremities, they seldom draw well, and are even liable to produce gangrene by exhaust- ing the little vitality that remains. Where, from peculiarity of constitution, strangury is produced by them, we must take them off after a few hours, and bathe the part with sweet oil or some such mild application—if this prove insufficient, re- sort must be had to diluent drinks, such as flaxseed tea or barley water, with the sweet spirits of nitre ; camphor or parsley tea, or bladders half filled with warm water and applied to the pubes. An opium suppository or injection will be found very advanta- geous. A poultice of ground flaxseed, softened with lard, is often very serviceable. EPISPASTICS. 101 It is said by some writers, that if a blister be sprinkled with powdered camphor, previous to its application, strangury will never result: this pre- caution is by no means to be relied on, though it will be well to give it a trial where strangury is antici- pated. Epispastic Ointment. R. Ceras flavas, Resinas, Axungias Porcinas, aa. 3vj. Melt over a slow fire, and when at the temperature of 98° add slowly— Pulveris Cantharidum, 3vijss. Misce, et fiat unguentum. If the cantharides be united with the melted plas- ter before it is partially cooled, they are liable to be injured by the heat. In employing this ointment, the margin of the blis- ter should be covered with adhesive plaster, in order to confine it to its place, and prevent its creating un- necessary irritation. Another mode is to draw strips across it diagonally, which plan we generally pre- fer; it prevents the blister from rising in the middle, and thereby partially defeating its object. It is mentioned in Paris' Pharmacologia, that the flies may be deprived of their power of producing strangury, by first boiling them in water. Plaster of Mercurial Ointment, Camphor, fyc. R. Unguenti Hydrargyri, 5j. Olei Terebinthinas, Camphoras, aa. 3ij. Cerati simplicis, 5j. Fiat unguentum secundum artem. Used as a rubefacient over the hypochondriac region, when blisters are precluded. 102 EPISPASTICS. Tartar Emetic Plaster. This may be made by sprinkling the powdered Tartrate of An- timony on the surface of a Burgundy pitch or adhesive plas- ter, or on one made by spreading Basilicon, or simple oint- ment, on leather or linen. In either way the margin should be left clean. This remedy requires a longer time to produce its effect than the ordinary blister; the irritation is of a peculiar and very painful kind. Tartar Emetic Ointment. R. Tartratis Antimonii, 5j. Axungias Porcinas, ^j. Misce secundum artem. This ointment, when applied to the skin, is a slow but certain means of exciting an eruption. We have given the formula of Dr. Hannay, of Stranraer, in Scotland. Dr. Jenner recommended a much larger proportion of the antimony. Tartar Emetic Solution. R. Tartratis Antimonii, 5j. Muriatis Hydrargyri, gr. v. Aquas distillatas, 3J. Spiritus Lavandula compositi, 3j- Solve sales in aqua, dein adde spiritum. This solution is applied by wetting the fingers with it, and rubbing it on the part. The rubbing should be continued for five or ten minutes, and after some hours a pustular eruption will appear.—Dr. Hannay's essay, " De Tartratis Antimonii Usu Externo," p. 26. It has been extolled in pertussis, dyspnoea, cough, pains in the chest, &c, and in the removal of inci- pient tumours. ISSUES AND SET0NS. 103 It has been ascertained by the illustrious Jenner and others, that Tartar. Emetic employed for an un- due length of»time*externally, will produce very vio- lent effects upon the system. We find in a note in Beck's Medical Jurispru- dence, vol. ii. p. 283, that Dr. Francis informs of two cases where Tartar Emetic Ointment, excessive- ly used, produced effects similar to those at times arising from the outward application of arsenic. Ma- jendie and Brodie ascertained by experiments upon animals, that inserted into wounds its effects resem- bled those produced by internal exhibition. ISSUES AND SETONS. These remedies are employed as substitutes for blisters, where a permanent discharge is desired. We have, therefore, inserted the best rules for their employment. There are three kinds of issues in common use, by either of which we may procure a discharge of pu- rulent matter for any length of time that may be re- quired. They are applied in different situations, ac- cording to circumstances, and some one of the follow- ing parts is generally chosen ; the nape of the neck; the hollow of the deltoid muscle, and between the shoulders or ribs; in the inferior extremities they are most conveniently formed in the inside of the leg, either above or below the knee. 1. Blister Issue. To form this issue it is merely necessary to apply a blister to any part in the usual manner; the skin being thus removed, the discharge should be continued by means of stimulating 104 ISSUES AND SETONS. ointments, as Unguentum Cantharidum, Ung. Basilici, Ung. Sabinas, etc. These may be alternated with mild liniments, in order to prevent the ulceration and consequent discharge from becoming excessive. 2. The Pea Issue. There are two modes of forming this issue: the first is made by means of a lancet; the part is merely taken in the thumb and finger, and an incision made by passing the lancet through the skin. The wound should be kept open by means of orange peas, the common pea, a bean, or a bit of orris root. The following extracts from the Surgeon's Vade Mecum, will best exemplify the manner of forming the issue with caustic:— (i The part is first to be covered with a piece of adhesive plaster, in the centre of which a circular hole has been cut of the size of the intended issue; in this hole the caustic, kali purum, made into a paste with soap, is to be placed. The whole is then to be covered with another plaster, secured by a bandage, and suffered to remain for ten Or twelve hours. Generally in two or three days an eschar begins to separate, when the opening should be filled with the substance made choice of." These sub- stances are enumerated above. 3. The Seton. To form this artificial discharge, take the seton needle, to which is attached a skein of silk, the latter being partially anointed with some oleaginous substance. The needle is to be passed completely through the part chosen for the operation, after which it is removed, and the ends of the silk left hanging from the wound. It should be dressed every day, or twice a- day, with some mild ointment; and if this be not sufficient to keep up the discharge, the more stimulating unguents may be used, as mentioned when speaking of the blister issue, RUBEFACIENTS. 105 RUBEFACIENTS. Those substances denominated rubefacients, not unfrequently vesicate on very delicate skins. The term, therefore, is relative. They are employed for the same purposes as blisters, and frequently with great advantage. LINIMENTS, OINTMENTS, &c. Decoction of Turpentine and Cantharidee. R. Pulveris Cantharidum, ?i. Olei Terebinthinas, 5 viij. Boil them together for three hours, then filter. This is the process usually followed by our apo- thecaries, but we conceive thirty minutes' boiling would be quite sufficient, and the cantharides be less likely to be injured by the heat. It was first made by Dr. Hartshorne of this city, who has used it with great success in the typhoid state of fever. It is merely rubbed over the surface of the body. Kentish Ointment. R. Unguenti Resinas flavas, ^ij. Olei Terebinthinas, 3u- vel ^ss. Fiat unguentum. This preparation has long been celebrated in burns and scalds. We must be careful to avoid touching the sound skin, for turpentine occasionally inflames it severely. Turpentine Liniment. R. Olei Terebinthinas, £ij. ----Olivarum, 5ij. Tincturas Camphoras, 5j. Aquas Ammonia?, 3j- Fiat linimentum. 14 106 RUBEFACIENTS. Liniment with Camphor, fyc. R. Spiritus Camphorati, ^iij. Acidi acetici fortis, ^j. Fiat embrocatio.—To be applied to bruises, rheumatic parts, &c. Soap Liniment, fyc. R. Linimenti saponis, ^ij. Aquas Ammonias, ^j. Tincturas Opii, |ss. Fiat linimentum.—To be used as above. Liniment with Ammonia and Olive Oil, vulgo, Volatile Lini- ment. R. 'Qlei!OHvarum, Aquas Ammonias, aa. ^j. Misce.—This preparation is frequently employed in inflamma- tion of the throat and other similar cases. Liniment of Ammonia and Tarlarized Antimony. R. Linimenti Ammonias, 3g. Tartratis Antimonii, 3j« Misce.—This is often applied to indolent tumours, and other swellings. Liniment of Cantharides, fyc. R. Camphoras, 3l'j- Solve in decocti Cantharidis cum terebinthina, ^ss.—et adde— Cngueriti Hydrargyri fortis, —«-----— simplicis, aa. aj. ^Fkit linimentum.—This preparation might be employed in cases of low fever, where it is desirable to rouse the system, and at the same time affect it with mercury; also in tumours. Solution of Caustic Potash. R. 'PotasSse puras, 3'iss. Aquas distillatas, ^ ij - Fiat solutio.—Signa.—To be applied to the spine in cases of te- tanus. RUBEFACIENTS. 10? Dr. Hartshorne speaks in high terms of the bene- ficial effects of this solution in the above disease. The best mode of applying it, so as merely to pro- duce a rubefacient action, is to tie a piece of sponge to a stick or common table fork, and use it as a brush to lay the solution on from the nape of the neck to the sacrum. When the solution is tolerably strong the effect is powerful. Compound Opium Liniment. R. Tincturas Opii, Spiritus Etheris Sulphurici, ------Camphoras, aa. ?ij. Fiat embrocatio.—To be applied to parts affected with rheuma- tism. It is very useful in odontalgia, pain in the neigh- bourhood of the ear, &c. Embrocation of Acetate of Ammonia. R. Ammonias carbonatis, ^ij. Acidi acetici, Oiij. vel q. s. ad saturandum. Spiritus tenuis, Oiss. Mix the ammonia with the vinegar, and after effervescence ceases, add the spirit. To be applied to rheumatic affections. Or, mixed with linseed meal, it may be used as a poultice to chronic inflammations of the joints, &c. Compound Liniment of Tar. R. Petrolei Barbadensis, 5j. Camphoras, ?ss. Alcohol, gtt.. xl. Fiat linimentum.—Powder the camphor by adding the spirit, and then mix the whole in a mortar. 108 RUBEFACIENTS. To be applied round the joints in cases of a chro- nic kind, and especially where any thickening of the ligaments is suspected. Camphorated Oil. R. Camphoras, Ij. Olei Olivarum, 5iv. Tere, et fiat solutio, tunc adde, Olei Terebinthinas, 5iss. To be applied by rubbing with a piece of flannel to deep-seated rheumatic pains. Epithem with Tincture of Cantharides. R. Pulveris Cantharidum, 3j« Spiritus vini rectificati, 5iv. Digest with a gentle heat for two days.—Strain and add— Camphoras, 5ss. To be rubbed on the parts affected. In paralysis. Epithem with Camphor and Carbonate of Ammonia. R. Spiritus Camphorati, ?iv. Sub-carbonatis Ammonias, ^ss. Olei Juniperi, ----Succini, aa. 3'j- Misce.—To be employed in the same cases as the former. Liniment of Oil of Amber, fyc. R. Olei Succini rectificati, 3'j- ----Olivarum, ^ss. Tincturas Opii, 3ij. Spiritus vini Gallici, ^iij. Fiat linimentum.—Signa.—To be rubbed between the shoul- ders of children. In pertussis. Cayenne Pepper and Alcohol Dilute. R. Pulveris Capsici, 3ij. Spiritus vini diluti, ^viij. Misce.—This preparation forms an excellent rubefacient in cases of low fever. Dr. Chapman recommends it strongly in sciatica, and other rheumatic affections. CATAPLASMS. 109 In dispepsia, and some diseases of the head, at- tended with cold feet, socks dusted with Cayenne pepper are very useful. CATAPLASMS, &c. Cataplasm of Pepper, fyc. R. Seminum Sinapeos contus: Jfoss. Piperis nigri, Pulveris Zingiberis, aa. 3J. Syrupi simplicis, q. s. ut fiat cataplasma. To be applied to the region of the stomach in severe pain or sickness; or to the soles of the feet where it is wished to pro- duce revulsion. Spice Plaster. R. Pulveris Caryophillorum, --------Cinnamomi, --------Capsici annui, aa. ?ss. Misce, et adde— Farinas, Vini Gallici, aa. q. s.—ut fiat cataplasma. Let the plaster, thus prepared, be made hot, and applied to the epigastric region. Dr. Parrish speaks in the highest terms of this plaster in cholera. Mustard Cataplasm. R. Pulveris Sinapeos, 5ij. Acidi acetici tepidi, q. s.—ut fiat cataplasma. The uses of the mustard poultice are too well known to require description. We will only observe, that it is frequently made by adding an equal quan- tity of wheat or rye flour; this should always be done for children, or other persons of delicate skins. It cannot, generally, be borne longer than a half hour or hour. iro CATAPLASMS. Garlic Cataplasm. The Garlic Cataplasm is employed with the same intention as; the mustard, though it is much less active. It may be made by bruising the cloves of garlic, and mixing them in a com- mon poultice of bread and milk. Cataplasm of Common Saltf fyc. R. Pulveris Lini, Micas panis singulorum partes asquales, Aquas Sodas muria- tis saturatas, q. s.—ut fiat cataplasma. To be applied to indolent strumous swellings, and enlargements of the joints. When it produces irritation, or inflammation,. the common bread and milk poultice must be substituted; and the other reapplied when the skin will admit of it Cataplasm of Vest. R. Farinas, ftj. Gerevisias fermenti, Oss. Misce.—This cataplasm is useful in stimulating foul ulcers and gangrenous wounds, and removing the unpleasant odour. It should be made with fresh yest, and applied warm. Cataplasma Carbonis. This cataplasm is made by stirring into the common bread and milk poultice as much finely powdered charcoal as it will bear. It is a very useful application to offensive ulcers; re- moving in a short time the fcetor, and disposing them to a more healthy aspect. Cataplasms are made of carrots or turnips, by sim- ply boiling them to softness, and beating them to a pulpy mass. Both of these are said to furnish a very good poultice for cancerous and other painful sores. Cloves. Quilt some powdered cloves in flannel, and wring them out in. hot brandy. Thus prepared, they form an excellent external application in cases of colic, and great irritability of the sto- mach, as it occurs in cholera. CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAROTICS. Ill Emollient Cataplasm. R. Farinas seminum Lini, ---------------Hordei, aa. partes equates. Aquas vel lactis, q. s.—ut fiat cataplasma. The milk or water may be warmed if desirable. Applied to inflammatory tumours. Antiseptic Cataplasm. JR. Cataplasmatis emollientis, 5viij. Pulveris Kino, --------Camphoras, aa. 3ij. Fiat cataplasma.—Applied to wounds and ulcers that have as- sumed an unhealthy action. Hotel Dieu. Resolvent Cataplasm. R. Cataplasmatis emollientis, 5iv. Sub-acetatis plumbi, ?j. Hydrochloratis ammonias, 3ss. Fiat cataplasma.—Applicable to tumours that require a gentle excitement. Ratier's Formulary. Warm Strengthening Plaster. R. Picis Burgundici, 5v. Unguenti Cantharidum, 5j. Fiat emplastrum.—This plaster is applied in the same way, and used in all the cases for which Burgundy Pitch is prescribed. It is irritating, and on some persons will draw a blister. CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAROTICS. Caustics or cauteries are divided into the actual and potential. The first consists of fire itself, and 'the second of those substances which destroy the living solids, either by excessive stimulation, or, as some have supposed, by producing a chemical de- composition. na CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAROTICS. Common Caustic with Opium. R. Potassas cum Calce, 3'j- Pulveris Opii, 3ss. Saponis mollis, q. s. Misce.—This preparation is employed for the same purposes as the common caustic. Potassa. The Causticum commune acerrimum is the pure Potash; when mixed with lime, its activity is lessened, and it is then called Causticum commune mitius. For the best mode of applying this remedy, see the remarks on issues. As this caustic spreads rapidly and eats deeply, care should be taken not to leave it on too long, when in the neighbourhood of large blood-vessels. When, however, we wish to arrest its effects, we may neutralize it at once by a little vinegar. Lunar Caustic. This caustic is the Nitras Argenti, deprived of its water of crystallization, fused and cast into moulds. Its mode of ap- plication is universally known. It is free from the inconve- niences of the former. Burnt Alum. The Alumen ustum is made by depriving this salt of its water of crystallization by heat. It is applied in powder to the fun- gous granulation of ulcers^ and, mixed with an equal part of powdered sugar, is used to remove specks or nebulas of the cornea. MINERAL ACIDS. The mineral acids are all escharotics, though sel- dom employed, because of the difficulty of managing fluids when used in this way. JVitric Acid diluted is sometimes applied to extensive foul ulcers, in warm weather, to destroy the animalculse which are apt to be generated in such sores. CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAROTICS. 113 Solution of Muriate of Ammonia, fyc. R. Muriatis Ammonias, ^j. Aceti distillati, ^ij. Aquas fontanas, ?iv. Fiat solutio.—To be applied to venereal warts. Bell on Venereal. White Oxide of Arsenic. R. Oxidi Arsenici albi, 9j. Aquas fontanas, ^ij. Fiat solutio. This solution is occasionally applied to cancerous sores: it was formerly used in the shape of powder or paste, as an empirical remedy. But it is now sel- dom employed, from the circumstance of its producing constitutional irritation. Sir Astley Cooper mentions cases where, from its absorption when applied to open sores, partial if not complete paralysis of the limbs was the consequence. Ointment of Arsenic. R. Oxidi Arsenici pulveris, 3j- Adipis Suillas, Cerati cetacei, aa. 3vj. Melt the cerate and lard over a slow fire, and then pour it on the white oxide of arsenic, and triturate it in a glass mortar until it is intimately united.—Pharm. Chirurg.—For can- cers, &c. The same care is required in its use as in the so- lution. MOXA. MUGWORT. This is another mode of using the actual cautery; and, as it is engaging the attention of physicians, we 15 114 CAUSTICS, OK ESCHAROTICS insert the usual mode of applying it.—The Chinese employ this remedy by means of the Mugwort. They separate this soft lanuginous substance by beating, and form it into a cone; the base of this is attached, by being wetted, to the skin, and the point set on fire. Dr. Boyle recommends dipping cotton in a strong solution of nitrate of potash, and enclosing pieces of this thoroughly dried in paper cylinders, about one inch in diameter, and another inch in height. Dr. Burne employs wood in a state of dry rot, touchwood. This only requires to be shaped properly, and burns, he says, with certainty and steadiness, and is pre- ferable to the other modes suggested;—some of which, as common cotton, or lint, requiring the use of the bellows, and when they have been dipped in nitre, demanding care to prevent the scintillations from injuring the surrounding parts. The cylinders or cones of touchwood may be con- fined to the skin by a little adhesive plaster affixed to the edges. It is proposed to place pieces of cold iron in the neighbourhood of the part, while the moxa is burn- ing, in order to render the sensations more vague, and therefore less painful. Moxa is used in diseases of the spine, paralysis, &c. &c. Ointment of Red Precipitate. R. Hydrargyri oxydi rubri, 3j- Terebinthinas venetas, ^j. Fiat unguentum. This preparation may be applied to indolent sores, and is said by some practitioners to be a specific in itch. CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAROTICS 115 White Precipitate. R. Hydrargyri precipitati albi, gr. xv. Nitratis Potassas, 3ss. Florum Sulphuris, 3j- Bene terantur: adde— Axungias Porcinas, iij. Fiat unguentum. Dr. Chapman remarks, that this ointment has long been celebrated in the cure of itch. Solution of Phosphoric Acid. R. Acidi phosphorici, 3j- Aquas distillatas, 3v''j- Fiat solutio. Dr. Lentin, a German physician, has employed this solution on compresses applied to ulcers situated over carious bones, and he imagines with decided benefit.—Spillatfs Supplement to the British Phar- macopoeias. Corrosive Sublimate and Lime Water. R. Muriatis Hydrargyri corrosivi. gr. j. vel iij. Aquas Calcis, 5j. Fiat solutio.—Signa.—The yellow wash. For ordinary purposes one grain to the ounce will be sufficient. It is employed in phagedenic and ve- nereal ulcers. Calomel and Lime Water. R. Calomelanos. 5j- Aquas Calcis, ±iv. Misce.—Signa.—The black wash. This prescription is used in the same cases as the other. The red oxide in that, and the black oxide 116 CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAROTICS. of mercury in this, are precipitated by the lime water. They are sometimes administered, in the form of in- jections, in gleets and obstinate gonorrhoea. Lotion of Myrrh. R. Tincturas Myrrhas, Liquoris Calcis, aa. ^j. Misce. This lotion is recommended by Dr. Kirkland, for taking down fungous flesh. In cases of fungous brain, he found it extremely serviceable applied to the ex- crescence on dossils of lint. Powder of Verdigris. R. Sub-acetatis Cupri, Calomelanos, aa. 9j. Fiat pulvis subtillisimus.—For chancres and indolent ulcers. Powdered Rhubarb, fyc. R. Pulveris Rhei, -------Ipecacuanhas, aa. 3j- Fiat pulvis.—To be dusted on sarcomatous and warty tumours. Rhubarb alone forms an excellent application to indolent ulcers. Powder of Savin, fyc. R. Pulveris Sabinas, -------sub-acetatis Cupri, aa. 3j- Fiat pulvis.—To be dusted on sores accompanied with fungous excrescences. Ointment with Sub-carbonate of Ammonia, fyc. R. Sub-carbonatis Ammonias, 3ss. Unguenti simplicis, 5ss. Fiat unguentum.—To be used in indolent ulcers of a scrofulous character. BOUGIES. 117 BOUGIES. Although directions for forming bougies may ap- pear out of place under this head, yet as country physicians may often be obliged to make these arti- cles, we could not forbear inserting the formulae, and we saw no more appropriate place in the work. R. Ceras albas, ~xvj. Terebinthinas venetas, ^iss. Olei olivarum, 5i. Melt the wax and turpentine over a slow fire, and then add the oil. Bougie, with Fed Lead. R. Olivarum Olei, Oj. Ceras flavas, gx. Minii, 5xv. Boil over a slow fire, until the minium is perfectly dissolved, which it will be in about four or six hours. Dr. Swediaur's Bougie. R. Ceras flavas, ft>j. Cetacei ceti, 3i'j- Plumbi acetatis, 5 v. These are to be boiled like the former until the composition is of a proper consistence for forming bougies. Sharp's Bougie. R. Diachylon: cum pice Burgundicas, 5ij. Argenti vivi, zj. Antimonii sulphureti, ppt: zss. The quicksilver to be previously dissolved in balsam of sulphur or in honey, and added to the plaster when melted in a mo- derate heat. Bell on Venereal. In order to form a bougie, a slip of linen, an inch in width at one end, and an inch and a quarter at the 118 BOUGIES. other, and from ten to twelve inches long, must be dipped into the melted composition, taking care that it be evenly applied; it is then to be carefully fold- ed up into the proper longitudinal shape, and rolled firmly between two marble slabs, till perfectly smooth and even.—Pharmacop. Chirurgica. The caustic bougie is made by simply rolling in the centre of the wax bougie, at the extremity, a small piece of lunar or common caustic. The former is more manageable, and therefore generally pre- ferred. Bougies are sometimes dipped in Basilicon or mercurial ointment, spt. of turpentine, &c, in order to render them more stimulating when employed in the treatment of gleet, &c. [ H» J CLASS X. STIMULANTS. In the use of stimulants, it is for the most part ad- visable to begin with small doses, and augment them as circumstances may require. There are cases, however, in which it is necessary to give them plen- tifully ab initio. It will be often requisite to change not only the stimulating substances, but the part of the body to which they are applied: when the stomach fails, the rectum and skin may be acted upon with advantage. PILLS, POWDERS, &c. Pills of Camphor, fyc. R. Pulveris Lyttas, gr. xviij. --------Opii, --------Camphoras, aa. gr. xxxvj. Conservas rosarum, q. s. Ut fiant pilulas xxxvj.—Of which one or two may be taken every night on going to bed. Designed for impotency arising from general de- bility. Pills of Deuto-iodide of Mercury. R. Deuto-iodidi Hydrargyri, gr. j. Extracti Juniperis vel Glycyrrhizas, gr. xij. 120 STIMULANTS. Divide in pilulas viij.—Signa.—Two in the morning and two at night; dose to be augmented gradually to four in the morn- ing and four at night. Pills of proto-iodide of mercury may be made in the same proportions and given in the same doses. In scrofula. Pills of Turpentine, fyc. R. Pulveris Guaiaci, 3j- Terebinthinas venetas, q. s. Ut fiant pilulas xv.—Signa.—One three times a-day. These pills have a powerful effect upon the uri- nary organs. They are employed in gleet and leu- corrhoea, and frequently produce the most obstinate strangury. Pills of Cayenne Pepper. R. Pulveris Capsici, 3j. Micas panis, Aquas distillatas, aa. q. s. Ut fiant pilulas x.—Signa.—One three or four times a-day. In debility of the stomach, resulting from intemperance. Aromatic Pills. R. Carbonatis Ammonias, Capsici, Caryophylli, Macis, aa. 9j. Olei Carui, gtt. v. Extracti Gentianas, gr. xij. Syrupi simplicis, q. s. Ut fiant pilulas xx.—Signa.—One every two hours in gout of the stomach. Dr. Parrish. STIMULANTS. 121 Tincture of Cantharides, fyc. R. Radicis Rhei contusas, 5'^s. Guaiaci, gr. xlv. Gummi Laccas, 3ss. Cantharidum contusarum, 3j. Spiritus vini rectificati, ^xij. Fiat infusio, et cola. Dose from thirty to fifty drops, night and morning, in a draught of water. In gleets. From the active nature of these articles, we would recommend caution in the use of them. Mixture of Sub-carbonate of Ammonia, fyc. R. Sub-carbonatis Ammonias, 5*ss- Pulveris sacchari albi, -------gummi Acacias, aa. 3'ss- Spiritus Lavendulas compositi, 3'j- Aquas distillatas, vel Menthas, 5iv. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose, every one or two hours.—And, if desirable, Tinct. Opii. gtt. xl. vel 1. may be added to the mixture. Draught with Valerian and Carbonate of Ammonia. R. Pulveris Valerianae, 9j. Sub-carbonatis Ammonias, gr. xv. Aquas Cinnamomi, 5ij. Misce.—Fiat haustus—To be taken every fourth hour. Suited to cases of nervous headach, and depression of spirits. Mixture of Cubebs, fyc. R. Pulveris Cubebas, 3>j« Carbonatis Sodas, 3ss. Mucilaginis Acacias, 3vj- Aquas Mentha?, 5vj. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—Take a table-spoonful every hour and a-half. Mixture of Oxide of Bismuth, Cubebs, fyc. R. Pulveris Cubebas, 3'j- Sub-nitratis Bismuthi, 3ss, Mucilaginis Acacias, 5ss. Syrupi simplicis, 3vj. Aquas distillatas, 5vj. 16 122 STIMULANTS. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—Take two table-spoonsful three times a- day. We have extracted these prescriptions from a pa- per of John Fosbroke, surgeon, Chittenham; pub- lished in the Medical Recorder, April, 1825. They are recommended, with other similar com- pounds, in various affections of the mucous mem- branes :—viz. of the bowels, bladder, trachea, &c. There is not much general confidence reposed in cubebs in this country. Perhaps this scepticism, as to their efficacy? may not be well founded. Camphorated Enema. R. Enematis communis, fljij. Camphoras, 3'j- Vitellum unius ovi. Misce.—Signa.—One-fourth part to be thrown up the rectum in the treatment of putrid fevers, pro re nata. M. Chaussier. R. Acetatis Ammonix.—Quantum placet. This article, it is said, will dissipate inebriety in less than five minutes.—The dose may be safely ten grains. Burnt Sponge. R. Spongias ustas, 3j« Sacchari albi, 9j. Misce et divide in chartulas vj.—One three times a-day, gra- dually augmenting the dose. In Bronchocele. Decoction of Sponge. R. Spongias concise et torrefactas, gj. Aquas distillatas, Oj. Coque et infunde duodecem horas.—Of this filtered and ren- dered palatable by the addition of a little mint water, a table ■ spoonful or more may be taken every three hours. STIMULANTS. J23 In the above preparation we are directed to roast, without carbonizing the sponge. Hufeland speaks in high terms of it in bronchocele, and some other forms of scrofula; but considers it a dangerous re- medy where there is a predisposition to consump- tion of the lungs. The efficacy of sponge, burnt or torrefied, is believed to depend on the presence of a small quantity of Iodine. Draught with Powdered Ginger, fyc. R. Pulveris Zingiberis, gr. xv. Sub-carbonatis Ammonias, gr. viij. Spiritus Cinnamomi, 3ij- Aquas, 5iss. Misce.—Signa.—To be taken at once. In cases of gout in the stomach. Camphor Mixture. R. Camphoras, 3j- Pulveris gummi Arabici, -------Sacchari albi, aa. 3'ss. Tincturas Opii, gtt. xl. Aquas Menthas, ^iv. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful to be given every two hours. In reducing camphor to powder, (which must be done before it can be formed into a mixture,) it is necessary to add to it a few drops of alcohol. Camphor in Milk. R. Camphoras, 3j- Lactis bullientis, ?iv. Fiat solutio.—This preparation may be taken in the manner as directed in the former. Camphor Julep. R. Camphoras, 3J. Aqua? bullientis, ^viij. 124 STIMULANTS. Fiat mistura.—This preparation should be set aside in a covered vessel for half an hour, and then strained.—Signa.—A table- spoonful for a dose pro re nata. Camphor with Magnesia. R. Camphoras pulverizatas, 3j- Magnesias sub-carbonatis, 3'j« Aquas distillatas, Oj. Fiat mistura. This prescription answers the same purpose as the former. It is considered a more elegant prepara- tion, and is given in the same doses. It should be suffered to settle; and the clear liquor, which is slightly impregnated with the camphor, decanted for use. Camphor with Myrrh. R. Camphoras pulverizatas, 3j- Pulveris gummi Myrrhas, 3ss. -------Sacchari albi, 3'j- Aquas distillatas, 5vj. Misce.—Signa.—A table-spoonful to be given every two hours. Mixture with Oil of Turpentine. R. Olei Terebinthinas, gtt. cxx. Pulveris gummi Arabici, -------Sacchari albi, aa. 3ij- Tincturas Opii, gtt. lx. -------Lavendulas compositas, 3ij- Aquas Menthas sativas, 5v. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose every two hours. This remedy has gained great reputation in some of the low forms of fever. The author once em- ployed it in the dose prescribed above, in passive hemorrhage from the bowels, with complete success; STIMULANTS. 125 and in hemorrhage from the bladder, resulting from low fever, he knows it to have been given with equal advantage. Linctus with Oil of Turpentine. R. Olei Terebinthinas, 3'j- Mel lis optimi, 5j. Fiat linctus. Dose a tea-spoonful night and morning, with a draught of warm tea. In Sciatica. Emulsion of Phosphorus. R. Phosphori puri, gr. ij. Mucilaginis Arabici, q. s. Let these articles be carefully and effectually triturated in a mortar, and add gradually as much Aqua Pura as will make an emulsion of ?vj. then add— Syrupi simplicis, 5j. Liquoris Hoffmani mineralis, gtt. xxx. Fiat mistura.—Of which the usual dose is a table-spoonful every two hours. This preparation was originally made by the cele- brated Hufeland, and is now taken from Dr. Chap- man's Therapeutics, p. 176, vol. 2. The violence of the remedy, and its very great power, are generally known to physicians. We need hardly repeat the necessity there is for the greatest caution in its administration. It is sometimes given in sweet oil, but this is said to be extremely nauseous. A saturated solution of ether has also been employed, and is perhaps as neat a mode as any other. This solution contains about eight grains to the ounce. Mixture of Camphor and Guaiacum. R. Tincturas Opii Camphoratas, --------Guaiaci ammoniatas, aa. ~j. 126 STIMULANTS. Fiat mistura, et signa.—Two tea-spoonsful every two hours. In misplaced and retrocedent gout. Aromatic Spirit of Hartshorn. R. Spiritus Ammonias aromatici, 3'j* Signa.—Twenty drops to be given in half a wine-glassful of water, pro re nata. In sudden exhaustion from any cause. Mustard Seed. R. Seminum Sinapeos alb: ^j. Signa.—A tea-spoonful of the unbruised seeds two or three times a-day. They are said to prove beneficial in costive habits, where the constipation depends upon an inirritable state of the muscular coat of the intestines.—Paris on Diet, p. 187. Infusion of Sassafras, fyc. R. Corticis Sassafragis, ^ss. Radicis Glycyrrhizas, 3\j- Aquas bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusio.—Signa.—One half may be taken in the morning, and the other half in the evening. Recommended highly by the Germans in many diseases of a scrofulous character.—Hufeland's Trea- tise. Mustard Whey. R. Lactis vaccinas, Jfoj. Seminum Sinapeos contus: 5j. Simmer until the caseous part separates, then strain, and add— Vini albi, 5vj. Signa.—A draught of this whey may be taken every hour or two in low fevers, and cases of debilitated stomach. Wine Whey. R. Lactis vaccinas, Oss. Vini albi, (Madeira,) ^j. vel ^ij. Boil the milk and then add the wine. STIMULANTS. J27 There are few mild stimulants more employed, or more useful than wine whey. Dr. Chapman speaks of it as having particularly a kindred action with earbonate of ammonia. The dose to be regulated by the circumstances of the case; from four ounces to ten during the day. Infusion of Cayenne Pepper. R. Pulveris Capsici annui, 3iss. Aquas bullientis, Oss. Fiat infusio.—Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose in severe co- lic, or gout in the stomach. For the external use of it, see Rubefacients. Infusion of Cloves. R. Caryophylli contusi, 3j- Aquas bullientis, Oss. Fiat infusio.—Signa.—To be employed in the same cases, and in similar doses as the former. This preparation is also very useful as an adjunct to bark in intermittent fever. An Infusion of Ginger. Is also an excellent stomachic, and may be employed with great benefit in debility of the stomach and bowels. Mixture with Wine, fyc. R. Vitellum Ovi, j. Olei Cinnamomi, gtt. xx. Misce, et adde— Vini albi, (Madeira,) Aquas Cinnamomi, aa. 5iij. -----distillatas, ?ij. Sacchari albi, 3ij. Signa.—Three spoonsful for a dose. During convalescence from low fevers, I2Q STIMULANTS. JEthereal Tincture of Iodine. R. Iodini, gr. vj. iEtheris Sulphurici, 3j. Misce,—Thirty drops contain one grain of iodine.—Dose, ten drops twice or three times a-day. Mixture of the Hydriodate of Potash, fyc. R. Hydriodatis Potassas, gr. ij. Sulphatis Magnesias, gss. Tartratis Antimonii et Potassas, gr. ss. Aquas distillatas, ^vj. Misce.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful three or four times a-day. In scrofula. Iodine and its preparations have been so seldom employed, that it is difficult to say to what class they properly belong. We have taken the liberty of in- serting them here from convenience. Iodine with Hydriodate of Potash. R. lodinas, gr. iij. Potassas hydriodat. gr. vj. Aquas distillatas, ^j. Solve et signa.—Dose six drops thrice a-day in a wine-glass of cold water. If it produce dizziness, pain in the bowels, or other unpleasant symptoms, diminish the quantity. Dr. Morton in his " Illustrations of Pulmonary Consumption," strongly recommends this mixture in catarrh, phthisis, &c. It has a powerful effect in glandular disease, and in all affections of the mucous membranes. Mixture of Tincture of Iodine, fyc. R. Tincturas Iodini, f. 3j« Mucilaginis Acacias, f. 3ij. Aquas distillatas, f. ^vj. STIMULANTS. 129 Fiat mistura et signa.—A table-spoonful every two hours. Em- ployed in cases of ulceration, accompanied by purulent dis- charge from the meatus auditorius, and where there exists a scrofulous diathesis.—See Astringents. In No. 4, Oct. 1826, of the North American Me- dical and Surgical Journal, we observe iodine is strongly recommended in cases of bubo, gonorrhoea, scrofula, &c. In the two former diseases, after de- pletion, M. Richond has derived signal advantages from this remedy. In goitre or bronchocele it has also been successfully used. Ointment of Iodine and Calomel. R. Iodini, partem j. Calomelanos, partem iss. Axungias, partes xlviij. The iodine to be first united to the lard, and then the calomel added. MM. Plane and Souberain, by whom this oint- ment is proposed, state that these are the only pro- portions that can be used, without leading to decom- positions that will defeat our intentions. Ointment of Protoiodide of Mercury, fyc. R. Protoiodidi Hydrargyri, gr. vj. Acetatis Morphias, gr. viij. Axungias, 5j. Misce, fiat unguentum. Recommended by the French physicians in glan- dular swellings. The morphia is believed by them to prevent the unpleasant effects of iodine when used in the shape of ointment. Pelletan. Ointment of Protoiodide of Mercury. R. Protoiodidi Hydrargyri, 5j. 17 j 30 STIMULANTS. Axungias, ^iss. Fiat unguentum.—Used to accelerate the cicatrization of inve- terate venereal ulcers. An ointment may be made in the same proportions of the deutoiodide of mercury. Of course to be used with more caution. Ointment of lodate of Zinc. R. Iodatis Zinci, 3j- Axungias, |j. Fiat unguentum.—A drachm to be rubbed on the tumour twice a-day. Dr. Ure recommends the above as a substitute for the ointment of hydriodate of potassa in glandular swellings. Ointment of Hydriodate of Potash. R. Hydriodatis Potassas, 9j. Cerati simplicis, ^j. Fiat unguentum. To be applied to scrofulous swellings, where the skin is unbroken. [ 131 ] CLASS XI. NARCOTICS. Narcotics have been denominated Sedatives, from their power of diminishing action; Anodynes, from their capability of alleviating pain; and Hypnotics, or Soporifics, from their power of inducing sleep. A few words only will be necessary as general rules for their administration, and any peculiarities that individuals of the class may possess will be noticed under the appropriate prescriptions. It is well known they possess the power of fulfilling two indi- cations; namely, of exciting and depressing the powers of the system. To obtain the first of these results, it is necessary to begin with small doses, and repeat them frequent- ly, while, in order to arrive at the second, a full dose must be given, and not resorted to again for a consi- derable length of time. We should also bear in mind, that the system very soon becomes habituated to their action, and the doses must be continually enlarged if it be found necessary to maintain their impression. The difference between the susceptibility to their action when the body is in a morbid or healthy con- dition, should not be forgotten during their exhibi- tion. 132 NARCOTICS. a PILLS. R. Pulveris Opii, gr. xij. Saponis albi, gr. iij. Misce et divide in pilulas xij.—Of which one is the ordinary dose to produce sleep. In equal weights of powdered and soft opium, the former is much the more powerful, the latter contain- ing a considerable proportion of water. This should be recollected when we are directing them in the shape of pills. An opium pill that has been made long enough to become perfectly hard and dry, will be retained by an irritable stomach when a fresh one would be re- jected. Pills of Lupulin. R. Lupulinas puras, 3ss. Contunde in mortario, et divide in pilulas x. Signa.—From two to four pills may be given for a dose. This substance, we are told by Dr. Ives, contains all the active properties of the hop. It is slightly narcotic, and will prove serviceable in irritable states of the stomach. The lupulin may be administered in powder, with two parts of white sugar, if it be deemed a preferable mode. Pills of Acetate of Morphia. R. Acetatis morphias gr. iij. Conservas rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilulas xij. Signa.—One may be given for a dose, repeated pro re nata. One grain of either of the salts of morphia, is usu- ally estimated as equal to four of opium. NARCOTICS. 133 Pills of Lactucarium. R. Lactucarii optimi, gr. xij. Divide in pilulas vj. Signa.—One for a dose, to be repeated in two hours, if sleep be not procured. The inspissated juice of the garden lettuce is said to act as a direct sedative, lessening the frequency of the pulse, diminishing the natural heat, and procuring sleep, without inducing the subsequent distressing effects which follow the use of opium. The Thridace of the French appears to be pre- pared by a different process from that employed in the preparation of the British Lactucarium. The for- mer is not so highly esteemed in this country as the latter. Pills of Hyosciamus and Ipecacuanha. R. Extracti Hyosciami nigri, gr. x. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, gr. v. Misce et divide in pilulas x.—Signa.—One every half hour un- til relief is procured. These pills are recommended by Dr. Paris, in his work on diet, in cases of flatulence. They are de- signed to calm the irritability of the bowels. Pills of Opium, Hyosciamus, fyc. R. Pulveris Opii, gr. iv. Extracti Hyosciami, --------Conii, aa. gr. xv. Fiat massa in pilulas vj. dividenda.—One every night where an anodyne is required. Pills of Extract of Hyosciamus. R. Extracti Hyosciami nigri, 9j. Divide in pilulas x.—Of which one may be given every four hours, increasing the dose as required. j 34 NARCOTICS This medicine is employed as a substitute for opium, and is said not to constipate the bowels. Pills of Extract of Stramonium. R. Extracti Stramonii, 3ss. Divide in pilulas xv.—Signa.—One three times a-day. The powdered leaves and seeds are also employed in similar doses. Vide Expectorants. Opiate Confection. R. Confectionis Opii, 3ss- To be given for a dose.—One grain of opium is contained in forty-three grains of the Edinburgh confection. Pills of Extract of Coniurn. R. Extracti Conii, 3j- Pulveris foliorum Conii, q. s.; ut fiat massa, et in pilulas \x dividenda. One of these pills night and morning, may be taken at the com- mencement, gradually increasing them to two, three, four, or more, as the patient can bear them. The efficacy of narcotic plants is influenced by soil, climate, exposure, and cultivation; and the ex- tracts by the season when the plants are gathered, and the mode of preparing them. Physicians would do well therefore to make themselves acquainted with the quality of the article they prescribe, inasmuch as there may be a fatal difference between two parcels of different ages, modes of preparation, &c.— Vide Journal of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy .— On Narcotic Extracts, Vol. II. Pills of Opium, Digitalis, fyc. R. Pulveris Opii, --------Digitalis, aa. gr. vj. Conservas rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilulas xij. Signa.—One to be taken every four hours. In Asthma, &c. NARCOTICS. 135 Pills of Extract of Conium and Calomel. R. Extracti Conii, 9ij. Calomelanos, gr. xv. Misce.—Fiant pilulas xv.—Signa.—One three times a-day. In pseudo-syphilitic affections. Pills of Powdered Nux Vomica. R. Pulveris Nucis vomicas, 3ss. Conserves rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilulas x. Signa.—One to be given two or three times a-day, closely watch- ing the effects. In paralysis. Pills of the Resin of Nux Vomica. R. Extracti Nucis vomicas resinosi, gr. x. Divide in pilulas xv.—One pill twice a-day, gradually augment- ing until tetanic effects are produced. Pills of Strychnia. R. Strychnias, gr. ij. Conservas rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilulas xxiv. Of which one pill may be given once or twice a-day, according to the idiosyncrasy of the patient. This latter medicine is still more powerful than the two former: for their mode of preparation, man- ner of exhibition, and peculiar effects, see Majen- die's Formulary, page 82. It is only necessary in this place to observe, that great nicety is requisite in dividing the mass into pills of equal strength. Pills of Brucia. R. Brucias puras, gr. xij. Conservas rosarum, q. s., ut fiat massa* Divide in pilulas xxiv. Signa.—One pill may be taken four timet* a-day, and gradually increased. 136 NARCOTICS Tincture of Brucia. R. Alcohol, gj. Brucias purae, gr. xviij. Fiat tinctura.—From six to twenty-four drops may be taken in a draught or drinks. Brucia may be obtained both from the nux vomica, and false augustura bark. That from the latter, is preferable for medicinal purposes, as that from the former is apt to contain some strychnia. Brucia possesses the properties of strychnia, but in a less de- gree. It may be administered in doses of one, two, and three grains, in cases of paralysis, without fear of accidents. The dose, however, should always be at the minimum, at first, and gradually augmented. Tincture of Strychnia. R. Alcohol, |j. Strychnias, gr. iij. Fiat tinctura.—This tincture to be given by drops, from six to twenty-four, in draughts or drinks. Draught of Strychnia. R. Strychnias puras, gr. j. Sacchari albi, 3ij« Acidi acetici, gtt. ij. Aquae distillatas, £ij. Fiat haustus.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful morning and evening. Strychnia forms with acids a variety of salts, which generally are very soluble; and for this reason much more active than the alkali uncombined. These may be resorted to when the system becomes habi- tuated to the action of strychnia. The commencing dose of the salts, should not be greater than that of the alkaloid. It should be borne in mind, that this NARCOTICS. 137 substance will be increased by all acid drinks, such as lemonade, both in solubility and power.—See Ma- jendie's Formulary, Edit. 5, p. 12. MIXTURES, TINCTURES, &c. Opiate Mixture. R. Pulveris Opii, 9ss. Sacchari albi, 3j- Aquas Cinnamomi, 5vj. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful may be taken every two hours, so that the whole be consumed in twenty-four. In cases of tetanus and colica pictonum. Hemlock Mixture. R. Succi Conii spissati, 3ss. Syrupi Papaveris albi, 5j. Aquas distillatas, 5vij. Misce.—A table-spoonful three or four times a-day for a dose. Tincture of Resin of Nux Vomica. R. Extracti Nucis vomicas exsiccati, gr. iij. Spiritus vini rectificati, £j. Fiat tinctura.—This tincture to be given in doses of fifteen or twenty drops in any kind of drink. This preparation, and the pills made of the resin of nux vomica, have been successfully used in cases of general and local paralysis. The tincture may be employed in frictions on paralyzed or emaciated parts; a mode much resorted to in Italy. Opiate Collyrium. R. Pulveris Opii, gr. j. Camphoras, gr. v. Mucilaginis Acaciae, 5j. Misce, et fiat collyrium. 18 138 NARCOTICS Anodyne Draught. R. Tincturas Opii, gtt. xv. vel xxv. Syrupi Papaveris, 3'j- Spiritus Cinnamomi, 3j- Aquas distillatas, 5iss. Misce.—Signa.—Anodyne draught. Laudanum is very dis- agreeable to some persons; combined as above, the taste may be covered. As the regulation of doses for children is, to the young practitioner, one of the most difficult parts of prescribing, and as laudanum is an article so univer- sally employed in their diseases, we subjoin the fol- lowing graduated table from Dr. Dorsey's Syllabus, 1817, page 36. For a child at birth, or within a month after \ to 1 drop. Under a year old - - - - 5 to 2 or 3 From one to two years of age - - - 1 to 5 From two to five.....2 to 8 From five to ten.....5 to 15 From ten to fifteen.....10 to 20 At fifteen years - - - - 15 to 20 For an adult......25 to 30 It is important in the employment of this remedy, that it should be a saturated tincture, and perfectly transparent. For these reasons it should be obtained from the apothecary in small quantities, as it is liable to deposite part of the opium; hence the liquid near the surface is weaker, and causes that in the bottom of the phial to be very strong, if it be shaken be- fore using. Infants have been destroyed by the ex- hibition of thick laudanum. Physicians, therefore, should always examine the phial, if any be in the possession of a family, before trusting the nurse to give a dose to a child. NA.RCOTICS. 139 Solution of Acetate of Morphia. R. Acetatis Morphias, gr. xvj. Aquas distillatas, 3vj. Acidi acetici diluti, zij. Misce.—The dose is from six to twenty-four drops. This preparation, as also the sulphate of morphia, has been much employed in Paris; they are stated to produce all the beneficial effects of opium, without any of the inconveniences attending that substance. The effects of these salts are not, however, precisely similar. One will sometimes agree with a patient when the other will produce some unpleasant symp- tom. Tincture of Lupulin. R. Lupulinas puras contusas, ^j. Alcohol, 5ij. Digest for six days in a close vessel. Strain, filter, and add a sufficient quantity of alcohol to make 3'iij. of the tincture. Of this from 3ss. to 3>j- may be taken for a dose. See Phar- macologia, art. Hamulus. Tincture of Hops. R. Tincturas Lupulorum, ^j. Signa.—Of this a tea-spoonful may be taken as a narcotic in cases where opium is inadmissible. Hops are also given in the form of infusion; for which see tonics. Enclosed in a bag, they have ac- quired some celebrity as a pillow. Their soporific powers, however, when thus employed, are very equivocal. Tincture of Opium and Oil of Turpentine, R. Tincturas Opii, £j. Olei Terebinthinas, 5ss, 140 NARCOTICS. Misce.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful every hour, may be given in delirium tremens. The turpentine may be added or omitted at the discretion of the physician, and the quantity of lau- danum in some cases may be doubled. We have given two tea-spoonsful every hour until gij. of lau- danum were taken, with success. We do not believe in the doctrine, however, that opium in this disease may be administered almost ad libitum without dan- ger. On the contrary, we are well assured that death has been caused by the excessive use of this narcotic in delirium tremens. Sirup of Acetate of Morphia. R. Acetatis Morphias, gr. iv. Syrupi simplicis, ffcj. Misce.—Signa.—Two tea-spoonsful may be taken for a dose, and repeated pro re nata. The sirup of the sulphate of morphia may be made in the same proportions, and given in the same doses. The latter salt has one superiority over the former, namely, that the acetate when dissolved in water is decomposed, two salts resulting, the one so- luble, the other not. From this objection the sulphate is exempt. Majendie states that, by alternating these new al- kaline remedies, we may prolong the effect without increasing the dose. If this observation be correct, it is well worth remembering.—Majendie's Formu- lary, p. 24. Denarcotized Laudanum. R. Tincturse Opii sine Narcotina. NARCOTICS. 141 This preparation, now common in all our shops, was proposed by Robiquet. It is said to relieve pain, and induce sleep, without producing the ordinary se- quelae of opium or laudanum. Black Drop. R. Tincturse Opii acetatas, 3>- From six to eight drops of this preparation may be given to an adult for a dose. It is said to be three times the strength of laudanum, but has obtained celebrity from the fact, that it equally promotes the ends of laudanum, without affecting the head and stomach. Where it cannot be had, it is stated by Dr. Chapman, that by giving the alcoholic tincture of opium in vinegar, we obtain nearly the same results. Elixir Paregoric. R. Tincturas Opii camphoratas. A tea-spoonful of this may be given to an adult for a dose. It is principally employed as an expectorant. Wine of Opium. The dose of the Vinum Opii is the same as the spirituous tinc- ture; though we believe it is seldom employed, except as an external application to chronic inflammation of the eyes. Tincture of Digitalis. R. Tincturas Digitalis, 3ij. Of which ten drops may be given at first twice or three times a- day, increasing the quantity as the system becomes accus- tomed to it. The peculiar character of this remedy should induce caution in giving it. For its particular applications and effects, see Ex- pectorants and Diuretics. Infusion and Tincture of Digitalis. Vide Diuretics and Expectorants. 142 NARCOTICS. Infusion of Conium. R. Foliorum Conii, 5ss. Aquas bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusio et cola.—Signa.—To be applied as a wash to can- cerous and scirrhous ulcers. A cataplasm is also employed for the same pur- pose, made by mixing the powdered leaves with bread and water poultice. Solution of the Extract of Belladonna. R. Extracti Belladonnas, 9j. Aquas distillatas, ^iij. Fiat solutio.—Signa.—To be applied to the eye in cases of ca- taract, for the purpose of dilating the pupil and exposing the lens. The extract of belladonna is occasionally given in doses of a grain three or four times a-day. Ointment of Belladonna. R. Extracti Belladonnas, 3'j- Aquas distillatas, 5ij. Adipis suilli, 5ij. Fiat unguentum.—To be applied to the neck of the uterus in rigidity of that part, occasioned by disease, or previous to de- livery. It is said to act on the same principle as it does in dilating the iris. The application to be made for some time by means of a syringe with a wide mouth. M. Chaussier. Infusion of Hyosciamus Niger. R. Foliorum Hyosciami nigri, £ss. Aquas bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusio.—Employed as an external application to cancer- ous, scrofulous, and other indolent ulcers. Decoction of Bitter Sweet. R. Dulcamaras stipitum, £j. Aquas distillatas, Ojss. Boil to a pint and strain. NARCOTICS. 143 Dr. Chapman directs a wine-glassful to be taken frequently, and gradually increased, until a pint is consumed daily, in chronic eruptions, &c. The same preparation is employod as a wash. Decoction of Stramonium in Milk. R. Foliorum Stramonii, 3'j- Lactis recentis, Oiss. Boil to a pint and strain. Apply to gouty, rheumatic, and other painful swellings. Stramonium ointment is a very good application to piles, &c. &c.—Chap. Therap. p. 254. Solution of Extract of Belladonna. R. Extracti Belladonnas, gr. iij. Aquas Cinnamomi, ^j. Fiat solutio.—Signa.—Two or three drops twice or thrice a-day, to a child under a year old, and an additional drop for every additional year. Belladonna has been recently used in Germany as a preventive of scarlatina. The extract, if given for several days, produces a scarlet eruption, and affec- tion of the fauces, analogous to those of scarlatina; and it is said that this factitious disease is sufficient to prevent the access of the real one. Opium Enema. R. Pulveris Opii, gr. ij. Mucilaginis Acacias, gss. Lactis tepifacti, ^ij. Misce pro enemate. Opium Enema. R. Pulveris Opii, gr. iij. vel iv. Axungias Porcinas, ^j. Melt them together with a gentle heat, and when of a proper warmth, inject the mixture with a small syringe. 144 NARCOTICS. Solution of Opium in Lime Water, fyc. R. Extracti Opii, gr. j. Aquas Calcis, Olei Amygdalas dulcis, aa. 3iij. Fiat mistura.—Recommended by Dr. Sibergundi of Dorsten in the treatment of sore nipples. It is to be applied to the parts on dossils of lint. Laudanum Enema. R. Tincturas Thebaicas, 3j- Infusionis Lini, Iij. Fiat enema. It is generally observed that three times the quan- tity of a remedy may be thrown into the rectum that may be taken into the stomach. As regards opium, however, we believe it to be too much, particularly in children. Indeed, it is an unsettled point in the- rapeutics, whether remedies act most powerfully upon the rectum or the stomach. Suppository of Opium. R. Pulveris Opii, gr. ij. Saponis albi, gr. iv. Misce bene.—Introduce into the rectum, when an enema can- not be administered. Plaster of Opium, fyc. R. Opii puri, Camphoras, aa. 3ss. Emplastri Lithargyri, 3»j- Melt the plaster, and having previously powdered the other ar- ticles, mix them gradually, stirring it. For local pains. Plaster of Opium. R. Pulveris Opii, -------Camphoras, -------Saponis albi, aa. 3j. Tincturas Thebaicas, q. s.—ut fiat euiplastruni. NARCOTICS. 145 This plaster is recommended by Dr. Dewees, and is employed in the same cases as the above. Another, and the most common plan, is to spread Theriaca Andromachi on leather of the size required, and cover it with powdered opium, sprinkling a little laudanum to promote the adhesion of the opium. 19 [ I46 ] CLASS XII. ANTISPASMODICS. Antispasmodics are those medicines which allay spasm, and compose the irregular actions of the ner- vous system. Some of the most powerful of them are derived from the class of Narcotics. Pills of Asafoetida and Soap. R. Gummi Asafcetidas, 3j- Saponis albi, gr. x. Aquas fontis, q. s., ut fiant pilulas xx. Two or four of these pills may be taken for a dose and repeated pro re nata. Pilulas Asafcetidas cum aloe, et ----------------cum Rheo. May be given in the same doses as those made with soap only. Opium Pills. As under Narcotics. Pills with Castor and Salt of Amber. R. Castorei, 3j. Acidi Succinici, 3ss. Extracti Gentianas, q. s., ut fiant pilulas xxiv. Dose three pills night and morning. In hysteria. ANTISPASMODICS. 14? Calomel Pills. As under Sialagogues. Pills of Musk, Camphor, fyc. R. Moschi optimi, 9ss. Camphoras, 9j. Gummi Ammoniaci, 9ij. Opii purificati, gr. iv. Misce, et fiant pilulas singulas gr. iv. Signa.—The dose may be four or five in the twenty-four hours. In nervous diseases. M. A. Richard. Bolus with Valerian and Rust of Iron. R. Pulveris radicis Valeriana, 3j- Sub-carbonatis Ferri, 9ss. Mucilaginis Acacias, q. s., ut fiat bolus. One three times a-day. Bolus with Musk and Camphor, R. Camphoras, gr. v. Moschi, gr. xv. Syrupi simplicis, q. s., ut fiat bolus. Signa.—To be taken at once. This is a strong dose, but can be readily modified by the practitioner. To confine the aroma, musk should always be kept in phials, whether in the form of pills or otherwise. Bolus with Musk and Sub-carbonate of Ammonia. R. Moschi, Sub-carbonatis Ammonias, aa. 9ss. Conservas rosarum, q. s., ut fiat bolus, To be taken every third hour. Recommended in mortification accompanied with spasmodic action. 148 ANTISPASMODICS, Musk Mixture. R. Moschi optimi, 3'j« Sacchari albi, 3J« Pulveris gummi Arabici, 3'j> Aquas distillatas, ^vj. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful to be given every hour or two hours. Mixture with Musk, fyc. R. Misturas Moschatas, ^vj. Tincturas Opii camphoratas, ^ss. ---------Valerianae ammoniatas, 3j- Misce.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful three or four times a-day. For children in pertussis. Tincture of Asafoetida, Castor, fyc R. Tincturas Asafcetidas, -------— Castorei, aa. ?ss. Aquas Ammonias, 3ij. Misce.—A tea-spoonful may be taken in a glass of water for a dose. Hoffman's Anodyne and Laudanum. R. Liquoris Anodyni Hoffmani, 3i'j. Tincturas Thebaicas, gtt. lxxx. Aquas Cinnamomi, 5vj. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful every one or two hours. In hysteria, &c. Mixture with Asafoetida, fyc. R. Asafcetidas, 3j. Aquas Menthas piperitas, 5iss. Fiat solutio, et adde— Tincturas Valerianae ammoniatas, 3'j- --------Castorei, 3'ij> iEtheris sulphurici, 3j- Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose every second hour. In hysteria. ANTISPASMODICS. 14g Tincture of Valerian and Hoffman's Anodyne. R. Liquoris Hoffmani mineralis, Tincturas Valerianae, aa. 5j. Misce.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful for a dose, pro re nata.— Shaking the phial each time. Mixture with Ether and Laudanum. R. iEtheris Sulphurici, zij. Sacchari albi, Gummi Acacias, aa. 3iss. Tincturas Thebaicas, gtt. lx. Aquas Cinnamomi, 5ij. Misce.—Signa—A tea-spoonful every hour. In cramp of the stomach, &c. Solution of Boracic Acid, fyc. R. Syrupi simplicis, 5j. Acidi boracici, 3j. Infusionis Tilias vel fceniculi, 5iv. Misce.—Signa.—A small table-spoonful three or four times a- day. The above is often employed by the French in ce rebral affections. Ratier's Formulary. Asafoetida Enema. R. Asafcetidas, 3ij. Decocti Avenas, 5x. vel 5xij. Misce pro enemate.—Tine. Opii may be added pro re nata. \t> hysteria, spasmodic colic, &c. Musk Clyster. R. Moschi, gr. xij. Sacchari purificati, 9"ij. Gummi Acacias contriti, 9jss. Spiritus Ammonias, gtt. xxx. Infusionis Lini, 5iv. piat enema.—For children seized with convulsions, 150 ANTISPASMODICS. Confection of Opium, fyc. R. Confectionis Opii, 3vj- Tincturas Camphoras, 3X» Aceti distillati, ^ij. Misce.—To be applied as a plaster warm to the region of the stomach. In vomitings, &c. Opiate Plaster. As under Narcotics. Hemlock Plaster. As under Narcotics. Tobacco Clyster. As under Cathartics. [ 151 ] CLASS XIII. SIALAGOGUES. Those medicines which increase the salivary se- cretion are denominated Sialagogues. In forming these into a class in this place, we trespass some- what upon the arrangement of Dr. Chapman, but merely from a motive of convenience; for we agree with him that such a class is better expunged from the Materia Medica, at the same time that it ap- peared necessary to introduce it here, in order to place the mercurial preparations in stronger relief than could otherwise be done. Pills of Calomel. R. Calomelanos, gr. xij. Conservas rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilulas xij. Signa.—One morning and evening, and if necessary until sali- vation is excited. Pills of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Muriatis Hydrargyri, --------Ammonias, aa. gr. v. Aquas distillatas, gtt. xxx. vel xl. Conservas rosarum, 9j. Pulveris Glycyrrhizas, q. s., ut fiant pilulas xl. Of which give one pill three or four times a-day. In lues venerea. 152 SIALAGOGUES. Pills with Corrosive Sublimate and Hemlock. R. Muriatis Hydrargyri, gr. vj. Solvantur in— Aqua distillata, q. s. et adde— Succi Conii spissati, 3j- cum Pulvere Conii, q. s., ut fiat massa, in pilulas xlviij. divi- denda. These pills contain the same quantity of mercury as the former, and may be given in the same number, and for the same purpose. Pills of Acetate of Mercury. R. Acetatis Hydrargyri, Mannas optimas, Pulveris Acacias, aa. 9j. Aquas rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilulas xx. Of which let three be taken every night, till a gentle salivation is excited. This preparation is said to be the mildest of the mercurial salts, and is less apt to disturb the bowels; but it is believed to be less efficacious in arresting the venereal disease. The effect of the mercurial preparations upon chil- dren is sometimes very serious, and even fatal. So powerful upon them is the action of this medicine, that a profuse, or even gentle salivation, will some- times produce mortification and destruction to the jaw, cheek, and lip. This, however, does not often happen, but is such a shocking occurrence, that their gums should be frequently and carefully examined whilst they are taking mercury. It is, nevertheless, a fact, that a disease precisely similar in all its features occasionally attacks children who are badly cloathed and fed, though no mercury has been given to them. SIALAGOGUES. 153 Pills with Calomel, Camphor, fyc. R. Calomelanos, Camphoras, aa. 9j. Pulveris Opii, gr. xij. Syrupi simplicis, q. s., ut fiant pilulas xx. Signa.—One or two to be taken morning, noon, and night. In cases where calomel by itself causes purging. Blue Mercurial Pills. R. Massas ex Hydrargyro, 9'iss. Divide in pilulas xij. Signa.—One may be taken three or four times a-day, according to circumstances. If they should produce any effect upon the bowels, not desired, Pulv. Opii. gr. ss. may be added. The mass directed in the American Pharmacopoeia con- tains one grain of mercury in every two and a half grains. One grain is contained in four of the Edin- burgh—and in three of the London and Dublin. Calomel Pills. R. Calomelanos, gr. ij. Conservas rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilulas xij. Of which one may be taken every one or two hours. In cases of marasmus. The above prescription is inserted here because no place in the book appeared more suitable. The use of calomel in minute doses has become very general, and certainly, if we may be allowed to give our experience, very deservedly so. In the hepatic and intestinal complaints of children, it is productive of the happiest results when carefully managed.— Vide Ayr on Marasmus. 20 154 SIALAGOGUES. Powder of Mercury and Chalk with Ipecacuanha. R. Hydrargyri cum creta, 9j. Pulveris Ipecacuanhas, 9ss. Misce. Fiant chartulas vj. Signa.—One night and morning in sirup. Recommended by Dr. Paris, in those cases of dispepsia in which the biliary secretion is impaired. He prefers it in these cases to every other form of mercury. Compound Powder of Sub-sulphate of Mercury. R. Hydrargyri sub-sulphatis, gr. j. Pulveris Asari, 3iss- Misce et divide in chartulas viij. Signa.—One of these may be used as an Errhine, morning and evening. In Gutta Serena, Ozcena, and after the removal of Polypi. Pills of the Red Oxide of Mercury. R. Oxidi Hydrargyri rubri, gr. iij. Pulveris Opii, gr. j. Olei Caryophilli, gtt. ij. Fiant pilulas iij.—Signa.—One pill every night for a week. In venereal cases. ■ This preparation was formerly used by the cele- brated J. Hunter, but from its harshness it is now generally superseded by others. Mixture with Muriate of Mercury. R. Muriatis Hydrargyri, gr. ij. Aquas distillatas, ^vj. Spiritus Cinnamomi, Syrupi simplicis, aa. ^j. Misce.—Dose.—One or two large spoonsful, twice or thrice a day. In venereal cases. SIALAGOGUES. 155 Spirituous Solution of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Muriatis Hydrargyri, gr. ij. Spiritus vini tenuoris, £iv. Solve.—Of which a table-spoonful, night and morning, may be taken in a draught of decoction of Sarsaparilla. The muriate of mercury is decidedly preferred by some physicians in the treatment of syphilis. John Hunter was of opinion, however, that the disease was more liable to recur, after its use, than when some of the other preparations had been employed. Strong Mercurial Ointment. R. Unguenti Hydrargyri fortis, |j. One drachm of this ointment to be rubbed on the inside of the thighs, before the fire, every night. It is by some physicians recommended to employ the warm bath, before using this ointment, while others consider it useless. We think the practice may occasionally be beneficial. The hands of the per- son rubbing it on, if it be an attendant, should be en- veloped in a bladder, or gloves made of oiled silk. Strong Mercurial Ointment ivith Camphor. R. Unguenti Hydrargyri fortis, §j. Camphoras, 3j. Misce.—To be employed as the former. Masticatory with Pellitory, fyc. R. Pulveris radicis Pyrethri, Resinas Mastich: aa. 3j- Let these be dissolved together by a moderate application of heat: then divide the mass into two equal parts. One of these lumps may be chewed at pleasure. In toothach and paralytic affections of the tongue. 156 SIALAGOGUES. Mixture of Pellitory, Opium, fyc. R. Radicis Pyrethri contusas, ^ss. Aceti distillati, ^vj. Gummi Opii, gr. iij. Digest in a sand bath for an hour.—Signa.—A spoonful to be held in the mouth and frequently renewed. Used in the same cases as the former. There are several other substances, such as poly- gala senega, nitric acid, &c, which occasionally ex- cite salivation; but as this is simply one effect of these remedies, and one of little consequence, they are treated of under more appropriate heads. Mercurial Lotion. R. Muriatis Hydrargyri, 3j^ Aquas distillatas, 5vj. Solve et adde— Sal Ammoniaci, 3\j< Potassas nitratis, 5ss. Fiat lotio.—Principally used as a wash in itch.—Good's Study of Med. vol. iv. Antacrid Tincture. R. Guaiaci pulveris, 5j. Balsami Canadensis, ?j. Hydrargyri muriatis, 9j. Olei Sassafragis, 3ij- Spiritus Vini Rectificati, 5viij. Dissolve the Corrosive Sublimate in one-half the Spirit, and then add to it the other ingredients.—Signa.—Of this from ten to twenty drops may be taken morning and evening, in wine or water. This form of exhibiting corrosive sublimate is of ancient date; but has been lately employed by Dr. Emerson and other practitioners of this place in lues venerea, &c. SIALAGOGUES. 157 Ant acrid Ointment. R. Hydrargyri Oxidi rubri, 5ss. ----------Sub-muriatis, 5ij. Acetatis Plumbi, gj. Ceras Albas, 5iv. Olei Olivas optimi, 5vj. Olei Bergamot: gtt. xx. Rub the two mercurial preparations with water to an impalpable powder—then dry them, and add the acetate of lead. Melt the oil and wax together, and add the other ingredients gra- dually—stirring the mixture. This ointment has some celebrity in the cure of tetter, and some other obstinate cutaneous diseases. Ointment of Red Precipitate, fyc R. Oxidi Hydrargyri rubri, gr. x. Sulphatis Zinci, 9j. Axungias purificatas, 5ij. Fiat unguentum. Recommended by Professor Dupuytren in obstinate chronic ophthalmia depending on a scrofulous dia- thesis. Anti- herpetic Ointment. R. Sub-sulphatis Hydrargyri flavas, 3j- Tincturas Opii, 3j- Sulphuris Sublimati, 3ss. Axungias, 5j. fr'iat unguentum.—This has been successfully used in herpes al- ternated with the 3imple water bath by M. Cullerier. r ^8 ] CLASS XIV. TONICS. Those medicines are considered Tonics, which impart strength to the system without subjecting it to any preternatural excitement during their opera- tion. They stimulate, however, in a secondary man- ner, by gradually increasing the force of the circu- lation, and by restoring the digestive and secretory functions to a more healthy state. Considerable per- severance is often necessary in giving any one of this class a fair trial; and when one fails, we may often resort with success to another ; much also may some- times be gained by alternating them. POWDERS, &c. Powder of Peruvian Bark. R. Pulveris Cinchonas optimas. A drachm or a tea-spoonful to be taken every hour in wine, wa- ter, or milk, during the intermission of fever and ague. It is directed by some practitioners to suspend the bark till within a few hours of the expected parox- ysm ; and by a few others to administer it during the hot stage of the disease. We have generally found it to be the most successful plan to commence imme- TONICS. 159 diately after the paroxysm has ended, and give every hour a dose of the remedy until the expected period of its return, and if the chill does not recur, to con- tinue it in smaller quantities for several days. Powder of Peruvian Bark and Cloves. R. Pulveris Cinchonas; Super-tartratis Potassas, aa. ^j. Pulveris Caryophilli, 3j- Misce.—Dose.—A drachm and a half every second hour. This compound will sometimes succeed when the bark alone fails. Powder of Peruvian Bark and Sulphate of Magnesia. R. Pulveris Cinchonas, Sulphatis Magnesias, aa. 3vj. Fiat pulvis, et divide in partes asquales iv.—One to be taken every two hours, where purging is required. Powder of Peruvian Bark, Snake Root, fyc. R. Pulveris Cinchonas, ^ss. -------Serpentarias, 3j- Sodas sub-carbonatis, gr. xl. Misce.—Divide in chartulas iv.—Signa.—One to be given every two hours. In obstinate intermittents. If the bark should purge when given alone, a lit- tle opium may be added: when it oppresses the sto- mach, cloves, as in a former prescription. If cos- tiveness should follow, rhubarb, or sulphate of mag- nesia may be used. The alkali in the above prepa- ration will correct acidity, if it be caused by the Cinchona. Powder of Auguslura Bark, R. Pulveris Cusparias febrifuges, ^ss. 160 TONICS. Divide in chartulas vj.—Of which one may be taken three or four times a-day, in water or any other vehicle. This remedy, we learn, has been successfully em- ployed in uterine hemorrhage. Powder of Sub-carbonate of Iron. R. Pulveris sub-carbonatis Ferri, ^j. Divide in chartulas iv.—Signa.—One every six hours in mo- lasses. In Chorea, Neuralgia, &c. The above remedy, we are told, has been success- fully used in these very painful affections, both in England and America. The dose is sometimes car- ried as far as 3ss. every four or six hours, after anti- phlogistic treatment, if the latter be required. Powder of Colomba, Ginger, fyc. R. Pulveris Colombas, -------sub-carbonatis Ferri, -------Rhei, --------Zingiberis, aa. 3j« Misce.—Fiant Doses xij.—One to be taken three times a-day, in molasses. Powder of Colomba and Tartrate of Iron. R. Tartratis Ferri, 9ij. Pulveris Colombas, 3j- Fiant pulveres iv.—Signa.—One every three or four hours, in sirup. Powder with Rust of Iron, fyc. R. Sulphatis Ferri, 9ij. Sub-carbonatis Ferri, 3iss. Divide in pulveres xij.—Signa.—One to be taken morning, noon, and night, in sirup or molasses. TONICS. 161 Powder of Prussiate of Iron ami Guaiacum. R. Prussiatis Ferri, Pulveris Guaiaci, aa.. 3j« Misce et divide in chartulas xij.—Signa.—One three times a- day. This prescription has been successfully employed in obstinate intermittents. Pills of Extract of Bark, fyc. R. Extracti Cinchona?, --------Gentianas, aa. 3J. Sulphatis Ferri, 3ss. Pulveris Myrrhas, 3j- Olei Carui, gtt. x. Syrupi Zingiberis, q. s., ut fiant pilulas lx. Signa.—Three to be taken three times a-day. Pills of Sulphate of Quinia, fyc. R. Sulphatis Quinias, gr. x. Conservas Rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilulas x. Signa.—One to be given every hour in the apyrexia of inter- mittent fever. There is also another principle obtained from the cinchona lancifolia, or pale bark, which possesses very nearly the same powers as the first. This is called Cinchonia. These preparations produce all the effects of the Peruvian bark, and have now al- most entirely superseded it. The sulphate of quinia affects the chest of the consumptive patient with tightness in an equal degree with the bark; and we have several times observed it to produce a soreness of the mouth exactly resembling that resulting from mercury. The observations of some of our friends have confirmed this fact. 21 162 TONICS. A substance has lately been discovered in the bark of the willow, (Salix helix,) which is proved not to be alkaline, but which answers all the purposes of quinia in the cure of intermittent fevers. It is called salicine, and has been used both in France and Italy. — Vide Journal of the Philadelphia College of Phar- macy, Vol. II. No. 3. Pills of Ammoniuret of Copper. R. Cupri ammoniati, 9j. Conservas rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilulas xxx. Signa.—One or two to be taken at bed-time. In Epilepsy. Pills of Sulphate of Quinia and Carbonate of Ammonia. R. Sulphatis Quinias, gr. xij. Sub-carbonatis Ammonias, gr. xxiv. Misce.—Fiant pilulas vj.—Signa.—One every hour, beginning six hours before the expected paroxysm. These pills are large, but we have succeeded with them when quinia alone and in smaller doses had proved unavailing. They may also be combined ad- vantageously with the oil of black pepper, or other essential oils, in cases of irritable stomach. Febrifuge Boluses. R. Pulveris Cinchonas, ^j. Muriatis Ammonias, Carbonatis--------, aa. gr. xij. Tartratis Antimonii, gr. xviij. Syrupi simplicis, q. s., ut fiat massa et divide in bolos xlviij. Signa.—One to be taken four times a-day, during the apyrexia of fever. Hotel Dieu. Pills of Piperina. R. Piperinae puras, gr. xij. Extracti Gentianas, q. s., ut fiant pilulas xij. Signa.—One every hour during the apyrexia of fever. TONICS. 163 This is one of the new remedies lately introduced to notice and practice. It is prepared from the black pepper, and is said to possess considerable fe- brifuge powers. It sometimes vomits, purges, or produces diaphoresis ; and, therefore, requires cau- tion in its administration. It may be given in mix- ture, if preferred. Pills of Arsenic, fyc. R. Arsenici albi, gr. ij. Pulveris Opii, gr. iij. Saponis venetas, gr. viij. Pulveris Glycyrrhizas, q. s., ut fiat massa in pilulas xx. di- videnda. Signa.—One four times a-day, increased gradually according to circumstances. In intermittent fever and local diseases of an intermittent character. Dr. Meigs. Pills with the Sulphate of Copper. R. Sulphatis Cupri, gr. iv. Extracti Cinchonas, gr. xxxij. Syrupi simplicis, q. s., ut fiat massa, in pilulas xvj. divi- denda. One to be taken four times a-day. In obstinate intermittents. Pills of the Oxide of Bismuth. R. Sub-nitratis vel oxidi Bismuthi, 3j- Mucilaginis gummi Acacias, q. s., ut fiant pilulas xxx. Signa.—One to be taken every two hours. In dispepsia. Pills of Muriate of Ammonia, Arsenic, fyc. R. Muriatis Ammonias, 3SS- Pulveris Opii, gr. viij. Arsenici albi, gr. vj. Syrupi simplicis, q. s., ut fiant pilulas xxxij. Of which one may be given three times a-day. In intermittent fever. 164 TONICS These pills are strongly recommended by some practitioners. Much care is requisite in preparing them. Pills of Muriate of Ammonia, Iron, fyc. R. Muriatis Ammonias et Ferri, 9j. Pulveris Rhei, gr. viij. Conservas rosarum, q. s., ut fiat massa in pilulas v. dividenda. This remedy is recommended in Rachitis, and is to be continued with one pill a-day for a fortnight, and then intermitted for the same length of time and again resumed. The intention of this direction ap- pears to be to prevent the system from becoming ha- bituated to the medicine. Pills of Oxide of Zinc. R. Oxidi Zinci, 9ij. Conservas rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilulas x. Signa.—One three or four times a-day. In epilepsy, chorea, &c. Dr. Chapman speaks favourably of this medicine, and recommends the above dose to begin with, and gradually to increase it. Pills of Steel Filings. R. Limaturas Ferri, gr. xvj. Extracti Gentianas, q. s., ut fiat massa.—Divide in pilulas vj. Signa.—One three times a-day, followed by a draught of some bitter infusion. Pills of the Extract of Quassia. R. Extracti Quassias mollis, 3j- Pulveris Gentianas, q. s., ut fiant pilulas xx. Of which one may be taken three or four times a-day, succeed- ed by a wine-glassful of the infusion of quassia. This is one of the purest bitters, and where we wish the effect of this class only, we cannot select a more appropriate preparation, TONICS. 1 tifj Pills of Nitrate of Silver, fyc. R. Nitratis Argenti, gr. iij. Pulveris Opii, 3SS- --------Camphoras, --------Nucis moschatas, aa. 9j. Mucilaginis Acacias, q. s., ut fiat massa.—Divide in pilulas xlv. Dose.—One morning and evening. In chorea and epilepsy. Pills of the Sulphate of Iron. R. Sulphatis Ferri, 3j. Extracti Gentianas, q. s., ut fiat massa.—Divide in pilu- las xxx. One to be taken morning, noon, and night. In dispepsia. Pills of Nitrate of Silver. R. Nitratis Argenti, gr. iij. Micas panis, 3SS- Aquas fontanas, q. s., ut fiant pilulas xij. Signa.—One to be taken night and morning, gradually increasing them as the case may demand. The nitrate of silver should first be dissolved in a little water, and the crumbs of bread afterwards added; and a glass mortar should always be em- ployed to compound them in. Electuary of Cinchona, Rust of Iron, fyc. R. Pulveris Cinchonas optimas, --------Sub-carbonatis Ferri, aa. ^j. Balsami Copaivas, q. s., ut fiat electuarium. To be made, (by the patient,) into pills of the ordinary size. Of which four may be taken three times a-day. Pills of the Nitro-Muriate of Gold. R. Nitro-muriatis Auri, gr. v. Pulveris Glycyrrhizas radicis, 3iss- Mucilaginis Acacias, q. s., ut fiat massa, in pilulas lxxv. di- videnda. Signa.—One or two thrice a-day In syphilis, &c. 166 TONICS. This metal is placed under the head of tonics by Dr. Chapman, and we have followed his example. Although once much extolled, it is now seldom used. Pills of Ammoniuret of Copper and Extract of Quassia. R. Cupri Ammoniati, 3§s. Extracti Quassias mollis, 5iss. Misce, et divide in pilulas xxx.—Of which one may be taken three times a-day. In nervous diseases. MIXTURES, &c. Griffith's Myrrh Mixture. R. Gummi Myrrhas, 3j- Sulphatis Ferri, 9j. Sub-carbonatis Potassas, 3j- Sacchari Purificati, 3'j- Aquas distillatas, 5vj. Fiat mistura.—Dose.—A table-spoonful according to circum- stances. Employed as a tonic in phthisis. Mixture of Sulphuric Acid, fyc. R. Sulphatis Ferri, gr. ij. Acidi sulphurici, gtt. x. Sacchari albi, 3j- Aquas distillatas, 5j. Misce.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful for a dose, to be repeated every two, three, or four hours. Designed for children. Vinous Infusion of Carbonate of Iron, fyc. R. Sub-carbonatis Ferri, 5iss. Pulveris radicis Gentianas, Corticis Aurantii contusas, aa. 5ss. Vini Lusitanici rubri, Oij. Macerate for two or three days, and give a wine-glassful two or three times a-day. In dispepsia arising from intemperance. Mixture with Tincture of Bark and Citrate of Potash. R. Succi Limonis recentis, 5jss. Sub-carbonatis Potassas, 3j. Tincturas Cinchonas, 5j. Aqua? Cinnamomi, ^iij. IONICS. 167 Misce.—Signa.—A table-spoonful every two hours. In cases where it is desirable to promote the insensible perspiration whilst we are giving the Bark. Decoction of Cinchona. R. Corticis Cinchonas contusas, 5j. Aquas fontanas frigidas, Oj. Boil for ten minutes—and while hot add— Serpentarias radicis, 5ss. Corticis Aurantii contusas, 3ij. And suffer them to infuse for half an hour near the fire in a co- vered vessel.—Dose.—A wine-glassful every hour. If the bark be boiled longer than ten minutes, it deposites extractive and resinous matter, becomes paler, and is less efficient. The last ingredients are directed to be infused because their aromatic proper- ties would be dissipated by decoction. Decoction of Bark, fyc. R. Decocti Cinchonas, 5vj. Tincturas Cinchonas Huxhami, 5j. Acidi sulphurici aromatici, gtt. xl. Misce.—A table-spoonful may be taken every one or two hours pro re nata. By this preparation we obtain the extract both aqueous and alcoholic of the bark. Mixture of Nitrous Acid, Laudanum, fyc. R. Acidi nitrosi, 3j- Misturas Camphoras, 3v"j- Tincturas Opii, guttas xl. Misce.—Signa.—One fourth part to be taken every three or four hours. This compound is highly recommended by Thomas Hope, Surgeon, Chatham, in dysentery and cholera. —N. A. Medical and Surgical Journal, Oct. 1826. 168 TONICS. Mixture of Nitric Acid. R. Acidi nitrici, 3iss> Pulveris Acacias, Sacchari albi, aa.3iij. Aquas distillatas, ^vj. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful pro re nata. Nitric acid may be prescribed as a tonic in the above form, or simply diluted with water. It is best taken through a quill, as the teeth suffer when it comes in contact with them. We have seen it arrest the colliquative sweats of hectic fever when other remedies had failed. Sulphate of Quinia in Sirup. R. Sulphatis Quinias, gr. xv. Acidi vitriolici, gtt. vj. Syrupi Zingiberis vel Limonis, ^ij. Misce.—Signa.—A large tea-spoonful may be given every hour during the apyrexia. The French physicians employ a wine and tinc- ture of quinia, which, however, are not superior to the compound used in this country. Both in Europe and America, and especially in Italy, the dose is car- ried to a much greater amount than we have directed. Eight, ten, fifteen, twenty, and thirty grains have been given by the Italians without danger and with success. Such doses many persons cannot bear, and generally the cure can be accomplished with twelve grains in twenty-four hours. Mixture of Red Bark in Port Wine, fyc. R. Pulveris Cinchonas oblongifolas, ^ss. Theriacas Andromachi, 3j« Succi limonis, 3'j- Vini lusitanias, ^iv. TONICS. 189 Misce.—Signa.—A wine-glassful every second hour during the apyrexia. We find this prescription strongly recommended in the N. A. Medical and Surgical Journal, by Dr. Meigs, in intermittent fever. Mixture with Decoction and Tincture of Bark, fyc. R. Decocti Cinchonas, 5iij. Tincturas Huxhami, ^j. Pulveris Cinchonas, 3'j* Syrupi simplicis, 5ss. Fiat mistura.—A table-spoonful to be taken every one or two hours during the absence of fever. Mixture with Extract of Bark, fyc. R. Extracti Cinchonas, 3j- Decocti Cinchonas, ^vj. Tincturas Cardamomi, 3iv. Misce.—A table-spoonful for a dose, as above directed Mixture of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphatis Quinias, gr. xij. Acidi sulphurici, gtt. v. Sacchari Albi, 3j« Aquas Cinnamomi, ^ijss. Misce.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful for a dose, every hour during the apyrexia of intermittents. By the addition of sulphuric acid, a super-sulphate of quinia is formed, which is soluble in the aqueous menstruum. Mixture of Fowler's Solution, fyc. R. Liquoris Arsenici Fowleri, gtt. lx. Tincturas Opii, gtt. xxx. Spiritus Lavendulas compositi, 5j- Aquas Cinnamomi, 5iij. 22 170 TONICS. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful lor an adult, a tea- spoonful for a child; to be administered every two hours, during the apyrexia of intermittents. Acidulated Tincture of Gentian. R. Tincturas Gentianas compositas, ^j. Acidi sulphurici aromatici, 3j- Misce.—A small tea-spoonful may be taken in sugar and water, three or four times a-day. In dispepsia. Tincture of Bark. R. Tincturas Cinchonas compositas, ^j. Signa.—A tea-spoonful for a dose, every two hours. In the same doses as the above may be taken, Tinctura Colombas—et Tinctura Gentianas composita. Muriated Tincture of Iron. R. Tincturas Ferri muriatis, ^j. From twenty to sixty or eighty drops may be taken in a glass of cold chamomile tea, twice or thrice a-day. Infusion of Colomba and Ginger. R. Radicis Colombas contusas, ^j. ------Zingiberis, 3'j* Aquas bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusio.—Give of the strained liquor, (cold,) a wine-glass- ful every two hours. This infusion, when freely used, has proved suc- cessful in chronic diarrhoea. Infusion of Colomba, Rhubarb, fyc. R. Seminum Carui contusorum, Radicis Colombas, ------Rhei, aa. 9j. Aquas ferventis, 5viij. Digest for two hours, and strain. R. Liquoris colati, ^iijss. Tincturas Rhei, 3J- Syrupi Zingiberis, 3'j- TONICS. 171 Misce.—Dose.—A tea-spoonful to a table-spoonful for children, according to their age. In Diarrhoea. Mixture of Sulphate of Iron and Elixir of Vitriol. R. Ferri sulphatis, gr. iv. Acidi sulphurici aromatici, gtt. xl. Aquas distillatas, 3J. Fiat mistura, et signa.—A tea-spoonful to be taken three times a-day in half a wine-glass of water. Nitro-Muriatic Acid. R. Acidi nitrici, 3j- ------Muriatici, 3ss. Aquas distillatas, ^vijss. Misce, et adde— Spiritus Nitri dulcis, 3'jss> Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful to be given every two hours, in a wine-glass of sweetened water. These acids, in the same proportions, are also em- ployed as a bath in hepatic derangements; and by some are esteemed highly beneficial. To accomplish this end, put a tea-spoonful of the compound acid into a quart of warm water, and apply to the region of the liver, night and morning, by means of a soft sponge. Diluted Nitric Acid. R. Acidi nitrici, 3j- Aquas distillatas, Oij. Sacchari albi, ^j. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—This quantity to be taken daily by the patient. In Lues Venerea. Ferriar, Med. Hist. Acorn Coffee. R. Pulveris Glandis torrefactas, ^j. Aquas bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusio.—Three or four tea-cupsful may be taken during the day, and augmented according to circumstances. 172 TONICS, The above is a very favourite remedy with the Germans. " It is one of the most successful in me- senteric atrophy, commencing rachitis, glandular swellings, asthma, and cough. Continued for a long time, it is one of the most powerful means we pos- sess, for destroying the scrofulous disposition."— Hufeland's Treatise, p. 215. Infusion of Quassia. R. Ligni Quassias, Radicis Serpentarias, Corticis Aurantii contusas, aa. 2ss. Aquas bullientis, Oij. Fiat infusio et cola.—Of which a tea-cupful may be taken cold, three times a-day. Decoction of Bark and Valerian. R. Corticis Cinchonas contusas, ?j. Boil in a pint of water for ten minutes, and strain. R. Radicis Valerianas contusas, ^j. Aquas bullientis, Oj. Infuse for one hour and strain.—Add the decoction of bark to this infusion, and give a tea-cupful cold, three or four times a-day. This is a favourite prescription with Dr. Parrish, in certain cases of headach, which appear to de- pend upon rheumatism, and which are entirely un- manageable with the lancet, purgatives, &c. &c. Infusion of Chamomile and Orange Peel. R. Florum Anthemidis nobilis, 5j. Corticis Aurantii, 5ss. Aquas frigidas, ftjiij. Macerate for twenty-four hours.—Dose.—A tea-cupful three or four times a day. The infusion of chamomile made with cold, is in TONICS. 173 general more grateful to the patient than when made with boiling water; and infusions generally when made with cold, are less liable to fermentation than when made with boiling water. Decoction of Augustura Bark. R. Corticis Cusparias febrifugas contusas, ^j. Aquas fontanas, Ojss. Boil for fifteen or twenty minutes, and strain.—Of this decoc- tion a wine-glassful may be taken every two hours. Decoction of Wild-Cherry Tree Bark. R. Corticis Pruni Virginianas contusas, ^j. -------Aurantii contusas, 3>j- Aquas fontanas, Oj. Boil the bark alone for half an hour, and then add the orange- peel.—A wine-glassful may be taken every hour or two in consumptive cases, asthma, &c. Infusion of Serpentaria. R. Serpentarias Virginianas, ^ss. Aquas bullientis, Oj. Infuse in a covered vessel for one hour.—A wine-glassful every hour or two hours, pro re nata. Decoction of Dog- Wood Bark. R. Corticis Corni Floridas contusas, |j. Aquas fontanas, Oj. Boil for twenty or thirty minutes, and strain.—A wine-glassful may be given every hour, as a substitute for Peruvian Bark in intermittents. Infusion of Hops. R. Humuli lupuli, ^j. Aquas ferventis, Oj. Infuse for two hours, and strain by expression. Of this a wine- glassful may be taken three or four times a-day. In dispe^psia. 174 TONICS. Infusion of Boneset. R. Eupatorii perfoliati, ^j. Aquas bullientis, Oj. Infuse for two hours, and strain.—Of this a wine-glassful may be taken every one or two hours, cold. In intermittent fever. Enema of Extract of Bark, fyc. R. Extracti Cinchonas, 3ss. Aquas tepidas, iiv. Solve; dein adde— Olei olivarum, 5ss. Tincturas Opii, gtt. x. Fiat enema.—Signa.—To be thrown up every fourth hour. In intermittents. Where it is preferred, the powdered bark may be used—say 31J. mixed with some of the decoction in- stead of common water. The bark thus administered, may occasionally be made to arrest an intermittent, when the patient cannot swallow it. Bark is also employed externally, in the form of a waistcoat, worn next the skin. A poultice made by mixing the pow- der and decoction into a paste, is occasionally applied to the region of the stomach; and lastly, the decoc- tion may be used as a semicupium. Infusion of Cinchona with Lime Water. R. Cinchonas corticis cordifolias, 5ij. Liquoris calcis, Oij. Misce, et fiat infusio. This infusion was formerly much employed and es- teemed as an elegant compound. A wine-glassful may be taken three or four times per diem, or once every hour, in intermittent and other forms of fever. IONICS. 175 Compound Infusion of Gentian. R. Radicis Gentianas concisae, ±ss. Corticis Aurantii contusas, 3»j- Seminis Cardamomi, 3SS< Aquas ferventis, Oj. Fiat infusio. Gentian is an elegant bitter, and the above will prove useful in wine-glassful doses, in debility of the digestive organs, &c. [ 176 ] CLASS XV. ASTRINGENTS. Doctor Cullen describes astringents to be " such substances as applied to the human body, produce contraction and condensation in the soft solids, and thereby increase their density and force of cohesion." " And by the operation of this corrugating power," adds Dr. Murray, "either directly exerted on a part, or extended by sympathetic action, the morbid affec- tions arising from a state of relaxation are supposed to be removed." In the use of this class of medicines, there is one caution suggests itself; namely, that they should not be given to arrest evacuations that are critical, and designed by nature to relieve a plethoric state of the system; unless, however, such evacuation exist to an alarming extent. POWDERS, &c. Compound Powder of Sulphate of Alumine. R. Sulphatis Aluminas et Potassas, 9j. Pulveris Kino, gr. v. Misce.—Fiant pulveres v.—Signa.—One every two hours. In obstinate diarrHtea. This compound, though much employed and praised by some practitioners, contains substances incompa- ASTRINGENTS. 177 tible with each other. It is, nevertheless, very use- ful in menorrhagia, &c. Powder of Sugar of Lead and Calomel. R. Calomelanos, gr. ij. vel iv. Super-acetatis Plumbi, gr. ss. to gr. j. Fiant pulveres iv.—One every three hours. In Cholera Infan- tum. The above dose is adapted to any period between ten and twenty years of age. Dr. T. D. Mitchell. Powder with Sulphate of Alumine and Opium. R. Sulphatis Aluminas et Potassas, 3ss. Pulveris Opii, gr. iij. Fiant pulveres vj.—Signa.—One to be taken every three or four hours. In diarrhoea. Powder of Blue Vitriol, fyc. R. Sulphatis Cupri, Boli Armenias, aa. ?j. Camphoras 3ij- Fiat pulvis.—Project ^j. of this powder into a pound of boiling water—filter the solution, and mix 3j- of it with 5j. of clear water, and apply it to the purulent eyes of infants by means of a syringe, pro re nata.—See Cooper's Surgery. PILLS. Pills of Acetate of Lead and Opium. R. Super-acetatis Plumbi, gr. xij. Pulveris Opii, gr. vj. Conservas rosarum, q. s., ut fiat massa, in pilulas vi. divi- denda. One to be taken for a dose, according to circumstances. In has- moptysis and other hemorrhages. Bolus with Alum and Extract of Bark. R. Sulphatis Aluminas et Potassas, Extracti Cinchonas, Nucis myristicas, aa. 9ss. , Syrupi simplicis, q. s., ut fiat bolus. To be given in uterine and other hemorrhages, and repeated pro re nata. 23 n* ASTRINGENTS. Electuary of Catechu and Opium. R. Electuarii Catechu, ^j. Suited to cases of diarrhoea, in tea-spoonful doses. Ten scru- ples contain one grain of opium. Pills of Kino, Opium, fyc. R. Pulveris Kino, gr. xx. ----;—Opi». gr- ij- Mucilaginis Acacias, q. s., ut fiant pilulas iv. Of which take one every four hours. In diarrhcea, pyrosis, &c. COLLYRIA. These are preparations applied to the eyes; they are sometimes dry, but generally liquid—consisting of infusions, decoctions, or distilled waters, with the addition of various substances. Dry Collyrium of Sugar, fyc. R. Sacchari albi, Oxidi Zinci, aa. partes equales. Tere in pulverem. M. Recamier. Dry Collyrium of Mercury, fyc. R. Sacchari albi, 3U- Oxidi Hydrargyri rubri, gr. x. Oxidi Zinci impuri prasparati, 9j. Fiat pulvis. M. Dupuytren. Dry Collyrium of Opium, fyc. R. Pulveris Opii, gr. iv. Calomelanos, Sacchari purificati, a.5. 9j. Tere bene. These compounds are blown into the eyes for the removal of specks on the cornea occasioned by in- flammation. ASTRINGENTS. 179 Alum Curd. R. Pulveris Aluminis, 3SS- Albuminem Ovi, j. Agitate them well until a coagulum be formed.—To be applied on a linen rag to inflamed eyes. It should be removed in three or four hours. Alum Collyrium. R. Pulveris Aluminis, gr. xij. vel xx. Aquas rosarum, 5iv. Fiat solutio.—To be applied to the eye in chronic inflammation. Collyrium of Acetate of Zinc. R. Sulphatis Zinci, Super-acetatis plumbi, aa. gr. vj. Aquas rosarum, ^iv. Fiat solutio. In this prescription a double decomposition takes place. Acetate of zinc is held in solution, while sul- phate of lead falls to the bottom. It should be fil- tered or used without shaking. Collyrium of Sub-acetate of Lead, fyc. R. Liquoris plumbi acetatis, gtt. xij. Vini Opii, gtt. xl. Aquas rosarum, ^iv. Fiat collyrium. Collyrium of Vinegar, fyc. R. Aceti distillati, §j. Spiritus Vini diluti, §ss. Aquas rosarum, ^viij. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—To be applied to weak eyes, and useful in ophthalmia after depletion. Collyrium of Acetate of Ammonia and Camphor. R. Liquoris Ammonias acetatis, gij. Misturas Camphoras, |vj. Misce.—Signa.—To be applied to eyes requiring a mild a^Uin- »ent and stimulant remedy. 180 ASTRINGENTS. Collyrium of Acetate of Ammonia with Opium. R. Liquoris Ammonias acetatis, ±ij. Aquas ferventis, 5vj. Extracti Opii mollis, gr. x. Dissolve the extract of opium in the hot water—strain, and add the liquor of acetate of ammonia. Useful in acute ophthal- mia when there is considerable pain after depletion. Collyrium of Sulphate of Copper. R. Sulphatis Cupri, gr. vj. Camphoras, '3J. Aquas ferventis, ^viij. Rub the camphor with the water—then strain, and add the sul- phate of copper. This is nearly the same as the formula recommend- ed by Ware in the treatment of purulent ophthalmia. Collyrium of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Hydrargyri Muriatis, gr. ij. Aquas distillatae, ^viij. Fiat solutio. The above may be advantageously used in gonor- rhceal ophthalmia, as well as that of a scrofulous cha- racter. Collyrium of Opium and Camphor. R. Extracti Opii mollis, gr. x. Camphoras, gr. vj. Aquas ferventis, 5xij. Rub the camphor and opium well together in a mortar and add the water. Then strain before using. Collyrium of Poppies, fyc. R. Fomenti papaveris capsularum, 5iv. Aquas rosarum, Misturas Camphoras, aa. 5ij. Misce.—Either of the last two collyria may be employed in the early stages of ophthalmia. ASTRINGENTS. 181 All of these remedies can be most successfully ap- plied to the eyes by introducing the point of a small syringe into the outer angle, and gradually injecting the collyria. Collyrium of Nitrate of Silver. R. Nitratis Argenti, gr. ij. Aquas distillatas, 5ij. Fiat solutio.—To be applied at the close of acute ophthalmia, and to promote the absorption of nebulas of the cornea. Emollient Collyrium. R. Radicis Althaeas officinalis, 3'j- Aquas distillatas, fly. Infuse for three hours near the fire, and strain.—Employed isi inflammation of the conjunctiva accompanied with violent ir- ritation. Anodyne Collyrium. R. Colchici autumnalis, 3j- Aquas Lini bullientis, 5iv. Tincturas Opii, 5j« Fiat mistura.—Employed in ophthalmia accompanied with great sensibility. M. Jadelot. INJECTIONS. Injections are liquid compositions, containing emol- lient, astringent, or stimulating substances. The parts into which they are thrown are, the external auditory passages, the canal of the urethra, the bladder, and also fistulous cavities, the tunica vaginalis in the case of hydrocele, and the vagina. When employed in the cure of gonorrhoea, two circumstances merit especial attention, viz. the manner of throwing them up, and the frequency of using them. When the common sy- ringe is used, the pipe should be perfectly smooth, 182 ASTRINGENTS. short, and conical, so that it cannot pass more than a quarter of an inch into the urethra. The patient should oil the pipe before using it, seat himself on the edge of a chair so as to avoid pressing the perineum, draw the penis forward on the syringe with the left hand, and throw up the injection to the seat of disease, (previously ascertained,) with the other. As respects the frequency of injecting, it may be ob- served, that six or eight times a-day are not too often, and that the cure will be retarded by using these re- medies at longer intervals. We cannot forbear re- marking, that gonorrhceal inflammation, situated near the extremity of the penis, can be often cured by a routine plan; but when seated higher up the canal, and affecting Cowper's glands or the prostate, it be- comes a serious disease, the cure of which ought not to be undertaken by those ignorant of the structure of the parts and the nature of morbid action. Injection of Pyroligneous Acid for the Ear. R. Acidi pyrolignei, 3ij. Aquas distillatas, ^vj. Fiat injectio.—Signa.—To be injected twice a-day with a silver syringe, in cases of purulent discharge from the meatus audi- torius. Buchanan on the Ear. Injection of Catechu for the Ear. R. Extracti Catechu, gr. xij. Aquas bullientis, ^vj. Fiat injectio.—To be used four or five times a-day. Idem. Pyroligneous Acid, Ether, fyc, for the Ear. R. Acidi pyrolignei, Spiritus iEtheris sulphurici, Olei Terebinthinas, ua. partes equates. ASTRINGENTS. 183 Misce.—Signa.—Introduce two drops into the meatus audito- rius every night, when the wax is deficient in quantity.—Idem. Injection of Sulphate of Zinc, fyc. R. Sulphatis Zinci, gr. x. Pulveris Acacias, 3ij- Tincturas Opii, 3j- Aquas distillatas, 5viij. Fiat injectio.—Used in gonorrhoea virulenta. Injection of Corrosive Sublimate, fyc. R. Sulphatis Zinci, gr. x. Muriatis Hydrargyri corrosivi, gr. ij. Aquas rosarum, ^viij. Fiat injectio.—To be used in gleet. This powerful remedy should be employed with great caution. Peruvian Balsam, fyc, for the Ear. R. Fellis Bovini, 3iij. Balsami peruviani, 3j- Misce.—Signa.—To be dropped occasionally into the ear to cor- rect a fetid discharge, syringing the ear every day with a weak solution of soap and water. Dr. Hugh Smith. Injection of Muriate of Ammonia, fyc. R. Muriatis Ammonias, gr. j. vel ij. --------Hydrargyri corrosivi, gr. ij. Aquas distillatas, ^iv. Fiat injectio.—To be used in chronic gonorrhoea, Injection of Acetate of Zinc. R. Acetatis Zinci, gr. viij. Aquas rosarum, 5iv. Fiat injectio.—Used in gonorrhoea virulenta. For all of these preparations, rose water is an ele- gant menstruum ; it possesses the advantages of being 184 ASTRINGENTS. slightly astringent and rendered pure by distillation, and seems therefore particularly applicable to the formation of injections and collyria. Injection of Armenian Bole R. Sulphatis Zinci, 9j. Boli Armenias, 9'ij. Pulveris Acacias, 3'j« Aquas rosarum, ^viij. Fiat injectio.—To be used in gonorrhoea. Injection of Calomel, fyc. R. Calomelanos, 3j- Gummi Arabici, Tincturas Opii, aa. ^ss. Aquae distillatas, ^viij. Fiat injectio.—Signa.—For gonorrhoea or gleet. Injection of Sulphate of Copper. R. Cupri Sulphatis, gr. vj. Aquas distillatas, ^vj. Tincturas Opii, 3j- Fiat solutio.—Signa.—To be thrown up the urethra in chronic gonorrhoea. Injection of Tea. R. These viridis foliorum, 3j« Aquas ferventis, ^vj. Fiat infusio et cola.—To be used as an injection in gonorrhoea virulenta. Injection of Ammoniuret of Copper. R. Cupri Ammoniureti, gr. v. Aquas rosarum, ^viij. Fiat solutio.—To be used in chronic gonorrhoea. ASTRINGENTS. 185 GARGLES, MOUTH WASHES, &c. Gargles, like injections, are astringent and stimu- lating; to be of any service they must be frequently applied and persevered in for some time. Gargle of Brandy. R. Spiritus vini gallici, Aquas fontanas, aa.. partes equales. Brandy and water form an excellent gargle for some cases of inflamed fauces. Gargle of Galls and Alcohol. R. Infusionis Gallarum, ?vij. Spiritus vini rectificati, ^j. Fiat gargarysma.—To be used frequently, in relaxation of the uvula and soft palate. Gargle of Infusion of Oak Bark. R. Corticis Quercus falcatas, ^j. Aquas fontanas, ffojss. Boil to a pound, and strain; then add— Sulphatis aluminis, 3ss. Spiritus vini gallici, 5ij. Misce.—To be applied to the uvula when swelled or relaxed, and to be used as an injection in fluor albus. Gargle of Sulphate of Quinia, fyc R. Sulphatis Quinias, gr. xij. --------cupri, gr. xvj. Acidi sulphurici aromatici, 3J. Aquas fontanas, 5viij. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful to be used three or four times a-day in some cases of obstinate sore throat. Dr. Hartshorne. 24 186 ASTRINGENTS. Gargle of Borax, fyc. R. Sub-boratis sodas, 3j« Tincturas myrrhas, 5ss. Mellis despumati, ?j. Aquas rosarum, ^iv. Fiat gargarysma.—Signa.—To be used as a gargle or mouth wash, in ptyalism or scorbutic affections of the gums. Gargle of Sulphate of Zinc, fyc. R. Sulphatis Zinci, 3j- Mellis, ^ss. Tincturas Myrrhas, 5j. Spiritus vini gallici, Ij. Aquas rosarum, ^iv. Fiat gargarysma.—To be applied to ulcerated gums, occasioned by excessive salivation. Water can be added if it be too strong. In many cases of mercurial sore mouth, common lead water forms a most soothing and useful applica- tion. It, however, renders the teeth very black— an effect which is only temporary. Dr. Blake's Toothach Solution. R. Sulphatis aluminis, 3ij- (in pulverem subtillissimum trituran- das.) Spiritus nitri dulcis, 3vij- Fiat solutio.—Said by Dr. Blake, of London, to be an infalli- ble cure for toothach, where this is not connected with rheu- matism. Gargle of Pomegranate. R. Corticis punicas granati, ^ss. Petalarum rosas rubras, 3'j« Aquas bullientis, ^vj. Fiat infusio.—Cola et adde— Mellis despumati, ^j. Sulphatis aluminis et Potassas, 3u- Fiat gargarysma.—Signa.—To be used in inflammations of the throat and fauces. This gargle is highly praised by Dr. Meigs. ASTRINGENTS. 187 Muriatic Acid Gargle. R. Infusionis Cinchonas, ^iv. Mellis despumati, 5j. Acidi muriatici, gtt. xviij. Fiat gargarysma.—To be used in chronic inflammation, when pain and swelling have been reduced by depletion—also in cynanche maligna. Ratier's Formulary. Wash of Sulphate of Copper, fyc. R. Sulphatis Cupri, 3ij- Pulveris Cinchonas, 5ss. Aquas distillatas, 5iv. Misce.—Signa.—To be used in the gangrenous sore mouth of children; and to be applied to the full extent of the ulcera- tion and excoriation. Dr. B. H. Coates. Linctus with Muriatic Acid, fyc. R. Acidi Muriatici, 3j- Mellis, Aquas rosarum, aa. ^j. Misce.—Signa.—To be applied to scorbutic gums three or four times a-day. Detergent Gargle—Sulphuric Acid, fyc. R. Decocti Hordei, ^iv. Mellis despumati, ^ss. Acidi sulphurici, gtt. xx. Fiat gargarysma. Ratier's Formulary. Mercurial Gargle. R. Muriatis Hydrargyri corrosivi, gr. ij. Mellis despumati, ^ss. Aquas distillatas, ^iv. Fiat solutio.—To be used in venereal sore throat. Idem. Acetous Gargle. R. Acidi acetici, 3'j- Hydrochloratis Ammonias, 3j- Mellis, ^iss. Aquas fontanas, ^xij. Fiat gargarysma.—To be used in inflamed fauces. Idem. 188 ASTRINGENTS. Astringent Gargle of Acetate of Lead, fyc. R. Acetatis Plumbi, 3SS« Syrupi simplicis, ^j. Decocti Hordei, jfoj. Fiat solutio.—In mercurial sore mouth, &c. Idem. MIXTURES, INFUSIONS, &c. Infusion of Galls. R. Gallas contusas, 3'j- Aquas bullientis, ^x. Infuse for four hours and strain.—Signa.—To be taken in doses of a table-spoonful every hour or two hours. In diarrhoea. It may be rendered more agreeable by the addition of some aromatic. i Infusion of Galls and Chalk. R. Infusionis Gallarum, ^iv. Cretas prasparatas, ^ss. Tincturas Opii, 3j« Gummi Acacias, 3j» Fiat mistura.—Dose. A table-spoonful every two hours. In diarrhoea. Infusion of Logwood. R. Hasmatoxyli ligni, ^ss. Aquas bullientis, Oj. Infuse for two or three hours, and strain.—Of this a table-spoon- ful to be given to children every two or three hours. In cho- lera and diarrhoea. Mixture of Extract of Logwood, fyc. R. Extracti Hasmatoxyli, 3iij. Tincturas catechu, 3'j« Aquas fontanas, ^vij. Misce.—Signa.—Two spoonsful to be given once in three or four hours. In the advanced stages of diarrhoea and dysentery. ASTRINGENTS. 189 Mixture with Extract of Bark and Alum. R. Extracti Cinchonas, £ss. Sulphatis Aluminis et Potassas, 9ij. Aquas Cinnamomi, Iv. Syrupi Limonis, 5j. Misce.—Signa.—Two spoonsful may be taken every two hours. In low diseases accompanied with hemorrhage. Mixture with Tincture of Catechu, fyc. R. Tincturas Catechu, gj. --------Opii, gtt. lx. Pulveris Acacias, 3ij- Aquas Cinnamomi, ?vj. Misce.—Signa.—A table-spoonful every two hours. In diarrhoea. Solution of Vitriolated Zinc and Alum. As under Emetics. Alum Whey. R. Lactis Vaccinas bullientis, ffoj. Pulveris Aluminis, 3'j- Boil them until the coagulum separates, and strain. A cupful to be taken occasionally. In diabetes, &c. Peruvian Bark with Lime Water. R. Pulveris corticis Cinchonas, 5ss. Aquas Calcis, 5viij. Misce.—Signa.—A table-spoonful to be taken every two hours, or oftener if necessary. In diarrhoea and menorrhagia. Sirup of Galls, Brandy, fyc. R. Gallarum Contusarum, 3ij« Spiritus gallici, §viij. Misce.—Set the brandy on fire and burn out the spirit;—then add— Corticis Cinnamomi, Macis, aa. 3'j- While hot, add sugar by burning it over the inflamed brandy until a sirup is formed.—Decant the pure sirup.—Dose. A table-spoonful every two hours. In chronic and obstinate diarrhoea. Dr. Parrish. 190 ASTRINGENTS. Clyster of Lime Water and Catechu. R. Electuarii Catechu, 5ss. Aquas calcis, 5x. Fiat solutio.—Signa.—One-half may be.injected at atime in the diarrhoea of continued fevers. Solution of Sidphate of Copper, fyc R. Sulphatis Cupri, gr. iij. Acidi sulphurici, gtt. xx. Aquas distillatas, ^ij. Fiat solutio.—Signa.—From twenty to forty drops to be given everyone or two hours in sirup pro re nata. In menor- rhagia. Thatcher's Practice. Enema of Acetate of Lead, fyc. R. Super-acetatis Plumbi, 9j. Tincturas Opii, gtt. lx. Aquas tepidas, ^ij. Fiat solutio.—Signa.—To be thrown up the rectum in uterine hemorrhage. Dewees's Syst. of Mid. p. 420. Mixture of Extract of Rhatany Root, fyc. * R. Extracti Rhatanias, 3j- Syrupi papaveris, Aquas rosas, aa. 5j. Fiat solutio.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful for a dose, pro re nata. In passive hemorrhage and chronic dysentery.—M. Fouquier. LINIMENTS, LOTIONS, &o. Lotion of Lime Water, Zinc, fyc. R. Oxidi Zinci, gr. xij. Cupri sulphatis, gr. iij. vel iv. Mellis rosacei, 3j« Aquas calcis, 5ij. Fiat lotio.—Recommended as very useful in phagedaenic ulcers of the genitals. Vide Sivediaur on Syphilis. ASTRINGENTS. 191 Liniment of Lime Water and Linseed Oil. R. Olei Lini, 5iij. Liquoris Calcis, 5vj. Fiat linimentum.—To be applied to burns and scalds by means of a feather or soft rag. Lotion of Lime Water and Alcohol. R. Spiritus vini rectificati, ^ij. Liquoris Calcis, Oss. Fiat mistura.—To be applied in the same cases as the above. Lotion of Goulard's Extract of Lead, fyc. R. Aquas sub-acetatis, plumbi, 3J- Spiritus Camphoras, 3iij> Aquas fontanas, Oj. Fiat lotio. —To be used as the former. Chloride of Soda. R. Chloridas Sodas, quantum placet. This compound is much recommended by some of the French surgeons, applied by means of lint in the treatment of old ulcers. Epithem of Acetate of Lead. R. Confectionis rosas, ^j. Mellis, Liquoris plumbi acetatis, Tincturas Opii, aa. 9ij. Misce.—Signa.—To be applied to painful venereal ulcers, and to chancres after the use of lunar caustic. Compound Lotion of Sulphuret of Potash. R. Sulphureti Potassas, 5ss. Saponis venetas, 5j. Spiritus rectificati, 5iv. Tincturas Myrrhas, 5ss. Liquoris Calcis, Oj. 192 ASTRINGENTS. Fiat mistura secundum artem.—To be applied to the head night # and morning, in cases of tinea capitis. The hair must be shaved previous to its employment. Astringent Fomentation. R. Radicis Bistortas, Corticis Punicas granati, aa. ^ij. Hydrochloratis Ammonias, 3'j- Vini rubri, Oj. Misce.—Signa.—To be applied to indolent inflammatory swell- ings. Ratier's Formulary. Lotion of Bark. R. Cinchonas rubras contusas, ^j. Aquas fontanas, Oj. Boil for ten minutes, strain, then add— Alcoholis camphorati, §viij. This preparation may be used whenever a tonic and stimulant lotion is required. Lotion of Sulphuret of Potassa, fyc. 1. R. Sulphureti Potassas, ^j. vel ij. Aquas, Oj. Misce. 2. R. Acid hydrochlorici, ^j. vel ij. Aquas distillatas, Oij. Mix one ounce of each lotion with four ounces of warm water, and apply by means of a sponge in cases of psora.—M. Ali- bert. OINTMENTS. Ointment of Alum, Calomel, fyc. R. Calomelanos, 3ij. Sulphatis Aluminis exsiccati, Oxidi plumbi albi, aa. ^ss. Olei Terebinthinas, 3'j« Cerati simplicis, 5iss. Fiat unguentum. ASTRINGENTS. 193 This ointment is particularly efficacious in Tinea Capitis. It should be applied every night going to bed, and washed off in the morning; as soon as the child's head is dry, it should be dusted over with powdered starch, which in the evening is again to give place to the ointment. The hair should be cut off previous to the application of the ointment. Ointment of Gall-nuts. R. Pulveris Gallarum, 3j- vel ij. Adipis suillas, 5j. Fiat unguentum.—Used in hasmorrhoidal affections. Ointment of Oxide of Zinc. R. Oxidi vel florum Zinci, 3j- Butyri recentis, 3vj- Fiat unguentum.—To be applied to the eyes in cases of deflux- ions arising from relaxation or slight inflammation of the lids. Ointment of Rhibarb, Opium, fyc. R. Pulveris Rhei, gr. x. --------Opii, gr. v. Cerati simplicis, ±iss. Fiat unguentum.—This ointment has been found very efficacious in indolent ulcers. Ointment of Tar, fyc. R. Unguenti picis liquidas, ^j. ---------hydrargyri nitratis vel citrini, 3SS. Fiat mistura.—Frequently used in tinea capitis. Ointment of Tar and Opium. R. Pulveris Opii, 3vj- Unguenti picis, 3J, Fiat unguentum.—Signa.—Hasmorrhoidal ointment. This compound has been found very efficacious in haemorrhois. 25 194 ASTRINGENTS. Kirkland's Neutral Cerate. R. Emplastri plumbi, 5iv. Olei olivarum, Cretas prasparatas, Acidi acetici, aa. fij. Super-acetatis plumbi, 3jss. The plaster and oil are first to be melted over a gentle fire. The prepared chalk is then to be briskly stirred in, and when the mixture is sufficiently cooled, the vinegar and supemcetate of lead are to be added, and the whole stirred until nearly cold. This cerate, which is not to be met with in the pharmacopoeia, is strongly recommended in abraded irritable surfaces, and the latter stages of burns. Aromatic Sulphur Ointment. R. Potassas sub-carbonatis, 5ss. Aquas rosas, 5j. Hydrargyri sulphureti rubri, 5j. Olei essentialis Bergamot: 5ss. Sulphuris sublimati, Adipis suilli, aa. 5x. Misce secundum artem.—Employed in scabies. Bateman's Synopsis. [ 195 ] CL.ASS XVI, ABSORBENTS OR ANTACIDS. Absorbents or Antacids form a class of remedies for correcting acidity in the stomach and bowels. As a general rule they should be preceded by an emetic or cathartic, or both. When a permanent effect is desired, they are usually combined with tonics, aro- matics, and sometimes narcotics. When given alone, they too frequently afford only transient relief. POWDERS. Compound Cretaceous Powder with Opium. R. Cretas prasparatas, 3'ss. Pulveris Cinnamomi, 3j- -------Piperis longi, gr. viij. --------Opii, gr. vj. Fiat pulvis.—Divide in chartulas xij.—One three or four times a-day. In diarrhoea. The above formula, with a slight alteration, is from the London Pharmacopoeia. Powder with Crabs' Claws and Rhubarb. R. Chclas cancrorum, 3j- Pulveris Rhei, 9ij. Misce, et divide in pulveres iv.—Of which one may be taken once or twice a-day, according to circumstances. In acidity of the Primx Via*. 196 ABSORBENTS OR ANTACIDS. This preparation is called by the several names of crabs' claws, eyes, and stones. It is a carbonate of lime united with some animal gelatine, and which, like prepared oyster shells, has little or no superiority over the prepared chalk. Powder with Magnesia, Fennel Seeds, fyc. R. Magnesias, 5ss. Pulveris seminum Foeniculi, -------Cinnamomi, aa. 3j- Fiat pulvis.—Dose.—A small tea-spoonful three or four times a-day. Powder with Soda, Magnesia, fyc. R. Magnesias calcinatas, 5ss. Sub-carbonatis Sodas, Pulveris Zingiberis, aa. 9j. Misce.—Signa.—A small tea-spoonful occasionally. In Car- dialgia. Powder with Magnesia and Colombo. R. Magnesias ustas, 3jss. Pulveris Colombas, 3j- Misce.—Divide in chartulas vj.—Of which one may be taken three times a-day, in sugar and water. In Cardialgia. PILLS. Pills of Soda, Rhubarb, fyc R. Pulveris Rhei, Sub-carbonatis Sodas exsiccatas, Extracti Gentianas, aa. 9j. Calomelanos, gr. iij. Misce.—Fiant pilulas xx.—Signa.—Two occasionally. In dis- pepsia. ABSORBENTS OR ANTACIDS. 197 MIXTURES, SOLUTIONS, &c. Chalk Mixture. R. Cretas prasparatas, 3i'j- Sacchari albi, Pulveris gummi Acacias, aa. 3iss. Tincturas Opii, gtt. lx. ---------Kino, 3ij. Aquas Menthas, 5vj. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose every two hours. In diarrhoea. Solution of Salt of Tartar. R. Sub-carbonatis Potassas, 5j- Sacchari albi, 3j- Tincturas Lavandulas compositas, 3'j- ---------Opii, gtt. xl. Aquas Menthas, 3W. Misce.—Signa.—A table-spoonful every hour or two hours. In sickness of the stomach occasioned by acidity. The opium in the above prescriptions may be omitted at the discretion of the practitioner. Mixture of Salt of Tartar, Ammonia, fyc. R. S'piritus Ammonias, Sub-carbonatis Potassas, aa. 3'j- Aquas Cinnamomi, ^iv. Misce.—Signa.—A large tea-spoonful for a dose pro re nata. In Pyrosis. Lime Water and Milk. R. Aquas calcis, Lactis recentis, aa. Siij. Misce.—Signa.—Two table-spoonsful for a dose. In sickness of the stomach few remedies are more prompt in their effect than the above. 198 ABSORBENTS OR ANTACIDS. Mixture with Ammonia, Magnesia, fyc. R. Magnesias ustas, 3j- Aquas Ammonias, 3j- Spiritus Cinnamomi, 3''j- Aquas distillatas, Svss. Misce.—Signa.—A table-spoonful every two hours. Usually given in the sickness accompanying pregnancy. Mixture of Magnesia, Camphor, fyc. R. Magnesias albas, 3j- Camphoras, 3sg- Sacchari albi, Gummi Acacias, aa. 3'j- iEtheris sulphurici, 5ss. Aquas distillatas, 5iv. Misce.—Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose four or five times a-day. Used in flatulency and irritable stomach by Dr. E. Griffiths. Dispeptic Lie. Take of Hickory Ashes 1 quart, Soot - - - - - 6 ounces, Boiling Water 1 gallon. Mix and let them stand for twenty-four hours, frequently stir- ring the ingredients. A tea-cupful may be given of this li- quor, (decanted.) three times a-day. It should be decanted always at the end of twenty-four hours, for by standing on the materials a long time the water acquires almost caustic properties, and may do serious injury. This domestic remedy we have thought best to couch in the English language. It deserves an inser- tion from the circumstance that it was employed by Dr. Physick in his own case, and, as we are informed, was of decided advantage when the usual alkaline remedies had failed. Experientia docet. ABSORBENTS OR ANTACIDS. 199 Solution of Salt of Tartar, fyc. R. Sub-carbonatis Potassas, 9j. Pulveris gummi Acacias, rss. Olei Menthas sativas, gtt. ij. Tincturas Opii, gtt. x. Aquas asratas, 5iij. Fiat solutio.—Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose, pro re nata. Very serviceable in sickness of the stomach.—Dr. Meigs. Mixture of Colombo, fyc. R. Radicis Columbas, 3ss. Coque in aqua, 5iij. ad ?v. Cola et adde— Carbonatis Potassas, 9ss. , Succi limonis, 3''j- Tincturas Opii, gtt. xij. Misce.—Signa.—From a tea to a table-spoonful may be given every hour. This mixture is said to be powerfully anti-emetic, and is much praised by Dr. Meigs. Anti-Emetic Mixture. R. Tincturas corticis Aurantii, 5ss. ---------Aloes socotrinas, ---------Castorei, aa. 3j. Misce.—Signa.—The dose may be from forty to fifty drops, three or four times a-day. In chronic vomiting, occasioned by atony or spasm of the stomach, the above is strongly recommended in Hufeland's Treatise on Scrofula. Mixture with Sub-Carbonate of Soda, fyc. R. Sodas sub-carbonatis, 9iv. Infusionis Gentianas compositas, Aquas Cinnamomi, aa. 5iij. Tincturas Cardamomi, |ss. Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful every two or three hours. In acidity and flatulency of the stomach, &c. # [ 20i ] APPENDIX, No. I. DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. The importance of an acquaintance with those preparations of diet peculiarly designed for the pa- tient during disease and convalescence, is so obvious that it requires little or no comment. It was re- marked by Dr. Rush, in his lectures, that a physi- cian should spend six months in a kitchen before entering upon his practical career. As the medical attendant, therefore, is called upon frequently to give directions and rules for preparing the diet for the sick, we have inserted a few formulae for those arti- cles which are in daily use. However apparently trifling such a class may appear to some persons, the physician will find that an attention to it will place the patient more completely under his own control, and inspire confidence in the relations and attendants. The rules to be observed in giving nourishment to the sick, will, generally, present themselves; but there is one, in particular, which should not be over- looked. In all low diseases, the nurse should be directed never to give too much at once, but fre- quently to repeat a small proportion. The lapse of a very short time without food, will frequently in 202 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. cases of great prostration, reduce the patient very low, and may endanger his life. This rule is not intended to be applied to those chronic derangements of the digestive functions, which are to be remedied principally by a regulation of diet, and in which, the old adage, " a little and often," has too frequently, we are convinced, been perniciously advised. Decoction of Barley; or, Barley Water. Take of Pearl Barley, 2 ounces, Boiling Water, 2 quarts. Before adding the boiling water, let the barley be well washed. Then boil it to one-half, and strain the liquor. A little le- mon juice and sugar may be added, if desirable. To be taken ad libitum in inflammatory diseases. Rice Water. Take of Rice, - - - - - 2 ounces, Let it be well washed, and add to it— Water, ----- 2 quarts. Boil it for an hour and a half, and then add sugar and nutmeg, as much as may be required. To be taken ad libitum. Rice, when boiled for a considerable time, as- sumes a gelatinous form, and is a very excellent diet, mixed with milk, for children. It is believed by many persons to have a constipating property. This opinion, however, appears to be destitute of founda- tion. Infusion of Flaxseed. As under Expectorants. Mucilage of Gum Arabic. As under Expectorants. DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 203 Decoction of Bran. Take of Wheat Bran, recent, - - - 1 pint, Water, - - - - - 3 quarts. Boil down one-third, strain off the liquor, and add sugar, honey, or molasses, according to the taste of the patient. Bran tea may be made by using boiling water, and suffering the mixture to stand in a covered vessel for three or four hours. Sage Tea. Take of The dried leaves of sage, - one-half of an ounce, Boiling Water, - - 1 quart. Infuse for half an hour, and then strain. Sugar and lemon juice may be added in the proportion required by the patient. In the same manner may be made balm and other teas. These infusions form very agreeable and useful drinks in fever, and their diaphoretic powers may be increased by the addition of sweet spirits of nitre; or, what is better, by antimonial wine. Infusion of Malt. Take of Ground Malt, 1 pint, Scalding Water,* - - - 3 pints, Infuse for two hours, and strain off the liquor. To which may be added sugar or lemon juice, if required. This is a favourite preparation with Dr. Parrish, and employed by him in inflammatory fevers. Lemonade. Take of Fresh Lemon Juice, - - - 4 ounces, Fresh and very thin peel of Lemon, - half an ounce, White Sugar, . - - 4 ounces, Boiling Water, - - - 3 pints, * Water not quite brought to the boiling point. 204 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. Let them stand until cold, then strain off for use. When em- ployed in fevers, a little nitrate of potash or sweet spirits of nitre may be added. This preparation, when freely taken by the pa- tient, sometimes produces pain in the bowels. It must therefore be given with some reserve as a daily drink. Water Gruel. Take of Oatmeal, ----- 2 ounces, Water,.....1 quart, Boil for ten or fifteen minutes, and strain, adding sugar and salt to make it agreeable. Milk for Infants. Take of Cow's Milk, ... 1 part, Water, - 2 parts, Loaf Sugar, as much as may be agreeable. It is necessary, when children are to be raised by the hand, to dilute the milk. These proportions may be altered as the child advances in age. The object is to make a diet as near the qualities of the maternal milk as possible. Rice Gruel. Take of Ground Rice, - - - 1 ounce, Cinnamon, 1 drachm, Water, 1 quart. Boil for forty minutes, adding the aromatic near the conclusion. Strain and sweeten it. Wine may be added if necessary. Panado. Take of Wheat Bread, 1 ounce, Cinnamon, - ldrachm, Water, 1 pint. DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 205 Boil them until well mixed, then add a little grated nutmeg and sugar. Wine or butter may also be added if desirable. Sago. Take of Sago, - - - - 2 spoonsful, Water, 1 pint. Boil gently until it thickens, frequently stirring. Wine, sugar, and nutmeg may be added, according to circumstances. Tapioca Jelly. Take of Tapioca, - - - - 2 spoonsful, Water, 1 pint. Boil it gently for an hour, or until it assume a jelly-like appear- ance. Add sugar, wine, and nutmeg, with lemon juice, to suit the taste of the patient and the nature of the case. Arrow Root. Take of Arrow Root, - - - 1 table-spoonful, Sweet Milk, - - - half a pint, Boiling Water, - - - half a pint. Boil them a few moments over the fire. Sweetened with loaf sugar it is one of the best nu- triments for children, and more especially when their bowels are irritated. Boiled Flour. Take of Fine Flour, a pound. Tie it up in a linen rag as tight as possible, and after frequently dipping it in cold water, dredge the outside with flour till a crust is formed round it, which will prevent the water soak- ing into it while boiling. It is then to be boiled until it be- comes a hard, dry mass. Two or three spoonsful of this may be grated and prepared in the same manner as arrow root, for which 2Q6 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. it forms an excellent substitute, and can be obtained in the country, when perhaps the other cannot. Vegetable Soup. Take one turnip, one potato, one onion. Let them be sliced, and boiled in one quart of water for an hour. Add as much salt as is agreeable, and pour the whole upon a piece of dry toast. This preparation forms an agreeable substitute for animal food, and may be given when the former would be improper. Chocolate. When this is desired by the patient, it should be suffered to stand until cold, after having been made in the usual way. The oily parts thus collect on the surface and should be taken off. The liquid may then be boiled again, and sugar, &c. added as much as may be agreeable. Beef Tea. Take of Lean Beef, cut into shreds, - - 1 pound, Water, ----- i quart. Boil it for twenty minutes, taking off the scum as it rises. After it grows cold, strain the liquor. This preparation is more nourishing than ordinary broths, and is very palatable. Hartshorn Jelly. Take of Hartshorn Shavings, 4 ounces, Water, 1 quart. Boil over a gentle fire until one pint of the water be dissipated. Strain and add lemon juice, sugar, and wine. This forms, cither with or without the last ingre- dients, a very nourishing diet for the convalescent; and, when mixed with an equal portion of cow's milk, is very useful in the bowel complaints of children. DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 207 Isinglass, or Fish glue, may be used instead of the hartshorn shavings, if preferred. Calves' Feet Jelly. Take two calves' feet, and add to them one gallon of water, which reduce by boiling to one quart. Strain it, and when cold skim the fat entirely off. Add to this, the white of six or eight eggs well beaten, a pint of wine, half a pound of loaf sugar, and the juice of four lemons, and let them be well mixed. Boil the whole for a few minutes, stirring it con- stantly, and then pass it through a flannel strainer. This forms a very nutritious article of diet for the sick and convalescent. When it is desired, the wine can be omitted. Essence of Beef. Take of Lean beef, sliced. Put a sufficient quantity into a porter bottle to fill up its body, cork it loosely and place it in a pot of cold water, attaching the neck by means of a string to the handle of the vessel. Boil this for three-quarters of an hour, then decant the liquor and skim it. To this preparation may be added spices, salt, wine, brandy, &c, according to the taste of the pa- tient, and nature of the disease. It is greatly em- ployed in low fevers, and therefore all should be able to direct its modus prxparandi. Chicken Water. Take half a chicken divested of all fat and break the bones; add to this half a gallon of water, and boil for fifteen or twenty minutes. Season with salt. This water is freely employed by Dr. Parrish in Cholera at its commencement. Taken warm, it pro- motes vomiting and washes out the stomach. 208 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. Suet Ptisan. Take of Sheep's Suet, - - - 2 ounces, Milk, . ... 1 pint, Starch, - half an ounce. Boil slowly for ten minutes. This may be used as a common drink in dysentery* Mucilage of Starch, fyc. Take of Starch, 1 ounce, Powdered Cinnamon, 1 drachm, --------Gum Arabic, - - 1 ounce, Boiling Water, - - - 3 pints. Boil until reduced one-third, and strain. The above may be used as a common drink in dy- sentery. Wine and Mustard Wheys. As under Stimulants. Rennet Whey. Take of New Milk, 1 quart, Rennet, - - - - a large spoonful. Warm the milk and then add the rennet. Boil until the curd separates and is all taken off. To many persons this forms a very agreeable nutri- ment. Vinegar Whey. Take of Milk, 1 pint, Vinegar, - half an ounce. Boil for a few minutes, and separate the curd. Tartar Whey. Take of Milk, ... i qUart, Cream of Tartar, - - - half an ounce. Boil until the curd separates. [ 200 ] APPENDIX, No. H. POISONS. Cases of poisoning are so sudden and so awful, that no time is to be lost in administering relief; to do this with judgment and effect, it is requisite to be familiar with all the usual antidotes: of these we have accordingly selected some which possess an acknow- ledged efficacy, omitting at the same time many others that are unworthy of confidence. For the purpose of convenience we have arranged the Poisons alpha- betically, with the appropriate antidotes attached to each. But, as has been remarked when speaking of Emetics, our chief reliance in these cases is upon free vomiting, induced by those articles which are most speedy in their effect. Dr. Beck prefers sulphate of zinc, whenever it can be procured, and adds, " but if vomiting be present, we may aid it by diluents or a vegetable emetic. Tartrate of antimony should never be given." Yet even from this treatment lit- tle can be expected where the deleterious substance has remained long in the stomach, and the stomach tube and syringe will be indispensable. To protect the stomach and intestines from the di- rect operation of poisons, it is generally recommend- ed to give milk, lime water, soap, or drinks sweet- 27 210 POISONS. ened with sugar or honey. Oils, and other fatty sub- stances, are rather injurious than otherwise. Where the vomiting has ceased, and retching and pain continue, Mr. Hume advises the free adminis- tration of carbonate of magnesia, with tincture of opium, suspended in water. A. ACIDS, NITRIC, MURIATIC, AND SUL- PHURIC. The proper antidotes to these, are the alkalies, al- kaline earths and soaps; common pearl ash, or car- bonate of potash; calcined, or carbonate of magnesia; soap in solution; accompanied with copious draughts of warm water, or warm flaxseed tea. ALKALIES. The best antidote is common vinegar ; it is always at hand, and its affinity for these substances is sufli- ciently strong to neutralize them. ANTIMONY. The preparation of this mineral by which poison- ing is commonly produced, is Emetic Tartar. This of itself produces violent vomiting, and therefore our first efforts should be directed to keeping up the erne- sis by means of mild diluents and mucilaginous pre- parations. Its antidotes are the alkalies, bitter and astringent infusions, such as common tea, Peruvian bark, &c. &c. These, and especially the bark, de- compose the antimonial salt. Where the vomiting is excessive, opium will often assist in allaying it. POISONS. 211 ARSENIC. There is no known antidote to this deadly poison, and our sole dependence is upon mild diluents, albu- men, (such as the whites of eggs suspended in milk,) or warm water and sugar : these, however, should be preceded by the judicious use of emetics and the sto- mach-tube. These should be given ad libitum. Dr. Chisholm considers the juice of the sugar-cane as the best antidote. B. BARYTES. The carbonate of this earth is poisonous, and might possibly be taken by mistake. Its true antidote is sulphate of magnesia or soda; with these a sulphate of barytes is formed, which is perfectly insoluble, and may be brought off by emetics and copious di- luents, oleaginous or albuminous. C. COPPER. The sulphate of this metal is, perhaps, the only chemical preparation that is likely to be taken into the stomach. A more ordinary manner is the careless use of culinary vessels, or mineral water fountains. All saccharine preparations, and the prussiates of potash and iron are considered as its antidotes. But our safest reliance is upon albumen, with copious draughts of warm milk, and sugar or molasses. G. GOLD. The nitro-muriate of gold is a powerful poison. Its antidotes are sulphate of iron, which throws down 212 POISONS. the gold in a metallic state, and the free use of mu- cilaginous drinks. L. LAUDANUM. Laudanum, when taken in too large quantity, must be withdrawn from the stomach by active emetics, or by tickling the fauces. The stomach-tube may be used to remove whatever remains of the poison. Di- luted vegetable acids, and vinegar in particular, are then necessary, and active stimulants are also often required. LEAD. The acetate is the only preparation which is re- sorted to as a poison. The sulphate of magnesia or soda is its true antidote, as it converts the poison into a sulphate, which is inert. M. MERCURY. All the preparations of this metal are poisonous, and corrosive sublimate in particular. Our chief and only dependence, according to M. Orfila, is upon the albumen of eggs, copiously swallowed, or introduced through the stomach-tube, which should be resorted to on all occasions where the patient cannot swallow or vomit. Enemata of the same should also be em- ployed. If the albumen be taken in sufficient quantities, it decomposes the sublimate, forming a triple compound of albumen, muriatic acid, and calomel. If the re- medy excite fresh vomiting, so much the better, and if POISONS. 213 symptoms of gastritis are present, blood-letting should not be overlooked. The gluten of wheat flour is also strongly recom- mended, on the same principle, as an antidote to cor- rosive sublimate. To administer it, it is only requi- site to mix the flour with water. The quantity taken must be very considerable. This remedy reduces the muriate to the state of calomel. N. NARCOTICS. The remedies employed in all cases of poisoning from this class of substances, are nearly the same; the most active emetics, as sulphate of zinc, in large doses, sulphate of copper, and ipecacuanha. In all cases where it is possible, the stomach-tube should be employed to wash out that organ. After these eva- cuations, coffee and the vegetable acids are proper. NITRE. This salt is often taken in mistake for Epsom or Glauber's salts. When this happens, vomiting should be excited as speedily as possible, and be followed by the free use of mucilaginous drinks. 0. OPIUM. We cannot do better in this place than transcribe what Dr. T. R. Beck, of Albany, says of the anti- dotes to opium. "The experiments of Orfila have demonstrated, that the administration of vinegar, or other vegetable acids, previous to the evacuation of the poison by vo- 214 POISONS. miting, will accelerate and aggravate the action of the opium; but that when the opium has previously been expelled, water acidulated with vinegar, or any other vegetable acid, will tend to diminish and cor- rect the effects. Coffee, when prepared in strong decoction or infusion, rapidly lessens the symptoms, but cannot be considered as an antidote. The results of his experiments led him to give the following di- rections for the treatment of a person poisoned by opium. Induce vomiting, if possible, with sulphate of copper, tartar emetic, or sulphate of zinc : but the administration of watery liquors, with the view of promoting the vomiting, should be forbidden, as they dissolve the opium and promote its absorption. Bleed the patient immediately after the rejection of the poison, and repeat this if necessary. Afterwards administer alternately water acidulated with any ve- getable acid, and a strong infusion of coffee warmed— and in ten or twelve hours exhibit an enema, and let the arms and legs of the patient be well rubbed. Purgative clysters should be continued, if it be sus- pected that any of the opium still remains in the large intestines."—Dr. Beck's Med. Jurisprudence, Vol. II. p. 403. OXALIC ACID. Death is generally sudden when this poison has been taken. A mixture of chalk and water is recom- mended by Dr. Thomson, for the purpose of con- verting the acid into oxalate of lime. The alkalies must be avoided. POISONS. 215 s. SILVER. The nitrate of this metal is sometimes taken by mistake: its antidote is common salt, largely given, with copious draughts of mucilaginous drinks to pro- mote vomiting. The salt produces an insoluble muri- ate which has no power on the system. Beck. T. TIN. When any of the salts of tin are taken, albumen of eggs, or milk given freely, is the appropriate remedy. Milk forms a coagulum with the muriate of tin, and renders it innoxious. Z. ZINC. The sulphate of this metal is occasionally taken in an overdose. Warm water and emollient drinks are proper in such cases ; but milk is particularly useful, from its power of decomposing the sulphate. The crystallized sulphate of zinc very closely re- semble^ the sulphate of magnesia, and has been mis- taken for it. This fact should be borne in mind by apothecaries and physicians. [ 216 ] APPENDIX, No. III. ON THE ENDERMIC USE OF MEDICINES. " The science of medicine," says Dr. Gerhard,* " has recently received an important auxiliary to its resources, by the discovery that remedial substances, when applied to the cutis, after the removal of the epidermis, produce their peculiar effects with nearly the same energy as if introduced into the alimentary canal. This mode of exhibition, which has received the name of the endermic method, or endermic medi- cation, is always found much more efficacious than the ialatreptic method of Christien, or the adminis- tration of medicines by means of frictions on the cu- ticle." The endermic method requires the previous separa- tion of the cuticle. This is best effected by a blister about four inches square. A small portion of the cu- ticle should be removed, and the medicine inserted into the opening, so that it may come in contact with the vesicated surface. Substances used in this way, must be applied in two or three times the quantity requisite when given by the mouth. 6i The remains of the substance applied are much less than the ori- ginal quantity, and sometimes no trace of it can be * North Amer. Med. and Surg. Journ. April, 1830. ON THE ENDERMIC USE OF MEDICINES. 217 perceived the whole appearing to be absorbed or. mingled with the secretions." We avail ourselves of Dr. Gerhard's valuable pa- per for the following facts in relation to those medi- cines which act most effectually in the endermic me- thod. Sulphate of Quinia.—Blister to be applied to the epigastrium during the apyrexia; and if the paroxysm returns before the quinia can be used, defer it until the next apyrexia. Apply four grains of powdered quinia, (either alone or with an equal quantity of starch,) four times a-day, for two successive days. Morphia.—The acetate and sulphate act readily and effectually. The sulphate is preferable because more soluble and less irritating. It may be applied in powder, (the best mode,) or in the form of cerate. The dose varies from half a grain to two grains. Its effects are speedily perceptible. Digitalis.—Dose, two grains three times a-day. Aloes.—This medicine acts on the bowels with nearly the same certainty as if taken internally. Dose ten grains, to be repeated, if necessary, in a few hours. Gamboge, owing to its solubility, purges freely in the endermic method. Dose from five to eight grains. Rhubarb, Jalap, Elaterium, and Croton Oil, con- trary to what might be expected, do not produce ca- tharsis, although they excite severe local irritation. Squills.—This medicine in powder, sprinkled on a blistered surface three times a-day, in the quantity of four grains at each application, causes copious diu- resis. Its power is increased by combination with Digitalis, in the proportion of four grains of the for- mer to one of the latter. Emetics from the vegetable kingdom all produce 28 218 ON THE ENDERMIC USE OF MEDICINES. their effect in the endermic method. The metallic medicines of this class produce merely local irritation. Mercury.—Every practitioner is well aware of the endermic action of mercury. Iodine.—This substance acts rapidly. It is best applied by rubbing a drachm with an ounce of cerate. We shall insert in this appendix a few prescrip- tions that do not properly belong to any particular class, as well as some that have come to hand since the first part of the work went to press. Fumigation of Chlorine. R. Muriatis Sodas, ffjij. Oxidi Manganesii, ^v. Aquas, Jfcj. Acidi Sulphurici, ffjj. Mix the salt and manganese, and add at proper intervals the acid and water mingled. When used in the wards of hospi- tals or other infected apartments, the patients should be pre- viously removed. For .the method of preparing the different chlorides used as disinfecting agents, see Journal of the Phi- ladelphia College of Pharmacy, Vol. I. No. 4. Fumigation with Tar. Dr. Morton (Illustrations of Pulmonary Consumption,) re- commends the tar fumigation in the following manner: To a pint of tar, add an ounce of Carbonate of Potash, in order to destroy the pyroligneous acid of the former: simmer them for ten minutes in the open air in an iron vessel, and then place the latter in the room of the patient, applying, by means of a lamp, sufficient heat to throw out the fumes of the tar to the requisite degree. Sarsaparilla Beer. R. Sarsaparillae contusae, ftjij. Pulveris corticis Guaiaci, 5viij. ON THE ENDERMIC USE OF MEDICINES. 219 Ligni Guaiaci concisi, Seminum Anisi, Radicis Giycyrrhizae contusse, ?la. 5iv. Corticis radicis Mezereii, ^ij. Sacchari liquidi, jfcij. Caryophilli contusi, 5ss. Aquae bullientis, congios iv. Mix these ingredients, and agitate the vessel thrice a-day. When a fermentation has well begun, it is fit for use, and may be taken in the dose of a small tumblerful twice or thrice a-day. "This is the Spanish recipe for the Jarave or diet drink, somewhat modified. If intended for old and obstinate complaints, as leprous affections, elephanti- asis, various anomalous ulcerations, and foul disor- ders of the skin, there may be added to the jug, after fermentation has well begun, tartrate of antimony, 12 grs., corrosive sublimate, 8 or 10 grs., muriate of ammonia, 1 drachm, dissolved previously in a little water. These remedies greatly increase the altera- tive powers of the vegetable infusion, and so effec- tually prevent its decomposition, that it may be kept for a long time unaltered, even in a hot climate."— See Hancock on Sarsaparilla, Journ. of the Phila- delphia College of Pharmacy, Vol. I. No. 4. Pills of Quinia, Opium, fyc. R. Calomelanos, gr. vj. Pulveris Opii, gr. iij. Sulphatis Quiniae, gr. xij. Syrupi simplicis, q. s., ut fiat massa et in pilulae xij. divi- denda. Signa.—One night and morning. Dr. Meigs. Pills of Blue Mass, Quinia, fyc. R. Massae ex Hydrargyro, Sulphatis Quiniae, 220 ON THE ENDERMIC USE OF MEDICINES. Pulveris Aloes, aa. gr. xij. Syrupi Rhaei aromatici, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xij. Signa.—One three or four times a-day. Either of the above prescriptions will be found useful in that condition of the system which super- venes an attack of bilious intermittent or remittent fever. They may be denominated tonic alteratives. Pills of Quinia, Tart. Antimon:, fyc. R. Sulphatis Quiniae, gr. xij. Calomelanos, gr. x. Tartarizati Antimonii, gr. ij. Syrupi simplicis, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xij. Signa.—One four or five times a-day. In intermittent fever. A compound similar to the above is sometimes di- rected by Dr. Matthews in this disease. He does not suspend the medicine during the pyrexia. Sulphate of Morphia in Sirup. R. Sulphatis Morphiae, gr. ij. Aquas fontanas, 3ij- Syrupi simplicis, f. 3vj- Fiat solutio.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful for a dose, pro re nata. The sulphate, unlike the acetate of morphia, forms in water or sirup a perfect solution. The dose is the same as of the acetate; one-fourth of a grain being estimated as equal to one grain of pure opium. INDEX. Absorbents, 195. Acetate of ammonia, 48. 64.122. of ammonia, embrocation, 107. of ammonia and camphor, 179. of ammonia and opium, 180. of lead with calomel, 177. of lead with opium, 177.179. of lead, epithem of, 191, of mercury, 152. of morphia, 132. 139, 140. of zinc, injection of, 179. 183. Acorn coffee, 171. Acid, prussic, 80. sulphuric, 166. nitrous, 167. nitro-muriatic, 171. nitric, 37. pyroligneous, 182,183. linctus of muriatic, 187. Acids considered as poisons, 210. Aloes with canella, 27. with rhubarb and soap, 31. with gentian, 31. with ipecacuanha, 32. with asafoetida and soap, 32. with blue pill, 33. with guaiacum and rhubarb, 34. compound tincture of, 91. Alcohol with lime water, (lotion,) 191. Alkalies considered as poisons, 210. Aloetic enema, 98. Almond emulsion with squills, 75. Alum, burnt, 112. with kino, 176. 182. with opium, 177. with extract of bark, 177. 189. whey, 189. curd, 179. collyrium of, 179. Alum with oak bark, (gargle,) 185. with spirits of nitre, 186. with calomel, 192. Ammonia, citrate of, 67. sub-carb., 116. 121. carbonate of, with vale- rian, 121. acetate of, 48. 64. 122. muriate of, with arsenic, &c. 163. muriate of, with iron, 164. muriate of, injection, 183. Amber salt with castor, 146. Ammoniac mixture, 82. and squills, 77. gum, with squills, 72. with conium, 72. and nitric acid, 79. Ammoniuret of copper, 161. 166. of copper, injection of, 184. Anodynes, 131. Anodyne draught, 138. pills, 63. Angustura bark, 173. Antacids, 195. Anti-emetic mixture, 199. Antilithics and lithontriptics, 53. Anthelmintics, 93. Antispasmodics, 146. Antimonial wine, 20. wine with nitre, &c. 64. wine with water of am- monia, 64. wine with tincture of tolu, 64. powder, 59. 62. powder with calomel* &c. 62. Antimony, antidotes of, 210. Aromatic pills, 120. spt. of hartshorn, 126. sulphur ointment, 194. Arsenic, white oxide of, 113. ointment of, 113. 222 INDEX. Arsenic, pills of, 163. antidotes to, 211. Arrow root, 205. Asafoetida with magnesia, 35. with aloes, 32. with tolu, &c. 77. milk of, with aq. ammo- nia, 78. with soap, 146. with castor, 148. mixture, 148. with valerian, &c. 149. enema, 149. Astringents, 176. B. Barytes, muriate of, 69. antidotes of, 211. Balsam copaiva, mixture of, 51. copaiva with cubebs, 52. copaiva with tolu, 78. copaiva in pills, 46. Peruvian, 183. of Peru, in mixture, 79. of tolu, inhalation of, 83. Barley water, 202. with muriatic acid, 56. wTith nitre, 69. Belladonna, 142, 143. Beef tea, 206. essence of, 207. Bismuth with cubebs, 121. pills, 163. Blake's toothach solution, 186. Blister issue, 103. Blisters, 99. Blue pill with jalap and aloes, 28. with rhubarb, 29. with aloes, 33. with quinia and aloes, 219. Black wash, 115. drop, 141. Blood root, 77. Boneset, 68.174. Boiled flour, 205. Boracic acid, 149. Borage flowers with sarsaparilla, 66. Bougies, 117. Sharp's 117. Dr. Swediaur's, 117. Bole with sulph. copper, 177. with sulph. zinc, (injection,) 184. Borax, (gargle,) 186. Brown mixture, 74. Bran, decoction of, 203. Brucia, pills of, 135. Brucia, tincture of, 136. Butternut, extract of, 32. Burdock in decoction, 66. Burnt sponge, 122. Burnt alum, 112. C. j Cathartics, 24. I Calomel with jalap, 25. with jalap and rhubarb, 26. with rhubarb, 26. with rhubarb and opium, 30. with extract of colocynth, 33. with squills, 47. 72, 73. with squills and digitalis, 47. with nitre and tartar eme- tic, 59. with ipecacuanha, nitre, &c. 60. with opium, 61. with opium and antim. pow- der, 61, 62. with gamboge, 93. with pink root, 93. with lime water, 115. with iodine, 129. pills, 151. with acetate of lead, 177. with laudanum, (injection,) 184. with alum, ointment of, 192. with quinia and opium, 219. with quinia and tart, anti- mon. 220. Calves'feet jelly, 207. Camphorated oil, 108. Camphor with emetic tartar, &c. 62. with guaiacum, 125. mixture, 89. 123. julep, 123. enema, 98. and mercury, 101. liniment, 106. with cantharides, 119. in milk, 123. with magnesia, 124. 198. with myrrh, 124. with musk, 147. with acetate of ammonia, 65. with opium, 180. Canella with aloes, 27. Carbonate of soda with ipecacuan- ha, 76. of soda with rhubarb, 196 INDEX. 223 Carbonate of soda with magnesia. 196. of soda with gentian, 199. of potash with cochineal, 76. of potash, 87.199. of potash with opium, &c. 197. of ammonia with quinia, 162. of iron, 93, 166. of iron, vinous infusion of, 166. Castor oil, 34. with spirits of turpentine, 36. enema of, 42. Catechu electuary, 178. mixture, 189. with logwood, 188. Castor with amber, 146. with asafoetida, 148. Cantharides, Dewees's tincture of, 92. with spirits of turpen- tine, 105. liniment of, 106. with camphor, 108.119. tincture of, 121. Cataplasm, antiseptic, 111. of pepper, &c. 109. of mustard, 109. of garlic, 110. of yeast, 110. of carbon, 110. Caustics, 111. Caustic potash, 112. lunar, 112. Cayenne pepper and alcohol, 108. infusion, 127. in pills, 120. Charcoal, 30. poultice, 110. Chicken water, 207. Chamomile infusion, 172. Chocolate, 206. Chalk with opium, 195. with rhubarb, 195. mixture, 197. Cherry tree bark, 173. Chloride of soda, lotion of, 191. Chlorine fumigation, 218. Cider with parsley, &c. 48. Cinchona, 161. with uva ursi, 55. Cinchona with Epsom salts, 159. extract of, with gentian, iron, &c. 161. electuary, 165. tincture of, with potash, 166. decoction of, 167. in Port wine, 168. with valerian, 172. extract of, enema of, 174. with lime water, 189. extract of, with alum, 177. with sulph. copper in so- lution, 187. lotion, 192. Citrate of ammonia, 67. of potash with cinchona, 166. I Cicuta. See Conium. [ Cloves, 110. 127. Copaiva. See Balsam. Colchicum wine, 39. with magnesia, 52. with squills and elate- rium, 41. with squills and tobacco, 49. Cochineal with common salt, 94. with carb. potash, 76. Conium with tolu, paregoric, &c. 75. with ipecacuanha, 71. with hyoscyamus, 133. extract of, 134. with calomel, 135. with squills, 72. infusion of, 142. Collyrium, opiate, 137. of alum, &c. 179. of vinegar, 179. of acetate of ammonia and camphor, 179. of acetate of ammonia, and opium, 179, 180. of sulphate of copper, 180. of corrosive sublimate, 180. of opium and camphor, 180. of poppies, 180. of nitrate of silver, 181. of sugar, 178. of mercury, 178. of dry opium, 178. of acetate of zinc, 179. of acetate of lead, 179. 224 INDEX. Collyrium, emollient, 181. anodyne, 181. of colchicum, 181. Colocynth with calomel, 33. with antimony, &c. 33, 34. Confection of sulphur, 33. of opium, 134. 150. Corrosive sublimate and lime water, 115. pills, 151. with hemlock, 152. mixture of, 154. solution of, 155. collyrium of, 180. injection of, 183, Cowhage electuary, 95. Coxe's hive sirup, 22. 74. Copper, sulphate of, 163. ammoniuret of, 161. sulph. of, with bole, 177. sulphate, solution of, 187. sulphate, collyrium of, 180. antidotes of, 211. Cough lozenges, 73. mixture, 74. Columbo with ginger, 170. with rhubarb, 170. with magnesia, 196. mixture of, 199. Croton oil, pills of, 31. mixture of, 35. with potash, 37. Cream of tartar in solution, 48. with juniper ber ries, 49. and sulphur, 27. Crabs' claws with rhubarb, 195. Cretaceous powder and opium, 195. Cubebs with copaiva, 52. with bismuth, 121. with carb. of soda, 121. Cyanide of potassium, 82. D. Dandelion, infusion of, 53. Denarcotized laudanum, 140. Decoction of burdock, 66. of mezereon, 67. of lobelia, 67. of sarsaparilla, 68. of barley, 202. Decoction of barley with nitre, 69. of Iceland moss, 80. of seneka root, 83. 87. of madder, 88. of aloes, 39. of Geoffrea bark, 96. of pomegranate, 97. of turpentine and cantha- rides, 105. of sponge, 122. of bitter sweet, 142. of stramonium in milk, 143. of cinchona, 167. 169. of cinchona with valerian, 172. of Angustura bark, 173. of wild cherry bark, 173. of dogwood, 173. of bran, 203. Dewees's tincture of guaiacum, 90. tincture of cantharides, 92. carminative, 35. Deuto-iodide of mercury, 119. Dietetic preparations, 201. Digitalis with opium and calomel, 46. with squills and calomel, 47. and acetate of potash, 50. tincture of, with opium, &c. 77. with opium, 134. tincture of, 141. infusion and tincture of, 50. Diaphoretics, 58. Dispeptic lie, 198. Diuretics, 45. Diuretic drops of Ferriar, 49. liniment, 50. Doses of laudanum, 138. Dover's powders, 60. 70. Dogwood bark, infusion of, 173. Dulcamara, decoction of, 142. E. Effervescing draught, 63. Elaterium with nitre and squills, 41. Electuary of jalap, nitre, &c. 41. of sulphur and senna, 42. of tin, 95. of cowhage, 95. of cinchona, iron, &c. 165. of catechu, 178. Elixir paregoric, 141. vitriol with sulph. of iron, 171. Embrocations, 107. INDEX. 225 Emetics, 17. Emetina lozenges, 21. solution of, 21. Emmenagogues, 86. Emulsion of phosphorus, 125. Endermic use of medicines, 216. Enema of castor oil, salts, &c. 42. of Epsom salts and oil, 43. of colocynth and manna, 43. of spirit of turpentine, 43. of Epsom salts and senna, 43. of tartar emetic, 43. of tobacco, 44. of aloes, 98. of camphor, 98. 122. of opium, 143. of laudanum, 144. of asafoetida, 149. of musk, 149. of extract of bark, &c. 174. of bark and lime water, 174. of catechu and lime water, 190. of sugar of lead, 190. Epsom salts with tartar emetic, 28. 38T with senna and manna, 38, 39. with nitric acid, 37. with cinchona, 159. Epithem of tincture of cantharides, 108. of camphor, and carb. ammonia, 108. of acetate of lead, 191. Epispastic ointment, 101. Epispastics, 99. Ergot, 86. 88. Essence of beef, 207. Ether with iodine, 128. with laudanum, 149. with pyroligneous acid, 183. Expectorants, 70. Extract of hyoscyamus, 133. of stramonium, 134. of conium, 134, 135. of belladonna, 142, 143. of bark with gentian, 161. of quassia and gentian, 164. of cinchona, &c. 169. of cinchona with alum, 177. of logwood with catechu, 188. Euphorbia, oil of, 36. 29 F. Febrifuge bolus, 162. Ferriar's hydragogue cathartic, 52. Flaxseed infusion, 80. Fothergill's pills, 34. Fowler's solution in mixture, 169. Fumigation of chlorine, 218. of tar, 218. G. Gamboge with nitre, &6. 52. with jalap, 8cc. 26. with calomel, 92. Garlic cataplasm, 110. Gargle of galls and alcohol, 185. of oak bark, &c. 185. of sulphate of zinc, 186. of borax, &c. 186. of pomegranate, 186. of brandy, 185. of quinia, 185. of muriatic acid, 186. detergent, 187. mercurial, 187. acetous, 187. of acetate of lead, 188. Galls, infusion of, 188. sirup of, 189. ointment of, 193. Gentian with aloes, 31. with magnesia, 56. with quassia, 164. with sulphate of iron, 165. with carb. of iron, 166. with sulphuric acid, 170. infusion of, 175. Geoffrea bark, 96. Ginger draught, 123. infusion of, 127. with savin, 86. with columbo, 170. Goulard's extract, 191. Griffith's myrrh mixture, 166. Griffitts' pills, 29. Gruel, water, 204. rice, 204. Guaiacum with aloes and rhubarb, 34. volatile tincture of, 91. with tartar emetic, &c. 65. Dewees's tincture of, 90. with turpentine, 120. with camphor, 125. mixture with camphor, 125. with prussiate of iron, 161. 226 INDEX. . Gum ammoniac mixture, 83. with squills, 77. H. Hartshorn with turpentine, 97. aromatic spirits of, 126. jelly, 206. Hellebore, tincture of, 90. with myrrh, &c. 90. with savin, 90. Hemlock mixture, 137. See Conium. Hive sirup, 74. Hiera picra, 41. 86. tincture of, 91. Honey with borax, 186. with acetate of lead, (epi- them,) 191. Hoffman's anodyne, 149. with laudanum, 148. Hooper's pills, 88. Hop, tincture of, 139. infusion, of, 173. Huxham's tincture of bark, &c. 167. Hydrocyanic acid, 80. 82. Hydrocyanate of potash, 83. Hyoscyamus with ipecac, 133. with conium, 133. with opium, 133. pills of, 133. infusion of, 142. and myrrh, 73. Hydriodate of potash, 91. with Epsom salts, 128. ointment of, 130. Hydragogue draught, 52. I& J. Jalap with cream of tartar, 26. 41. with gamboge, 26. with extr, of butternut, 32. Iceland moss. 80. Inhalation, 84. Infusion of parsley, 48. of juniper berries, &c. 49. of digitalis, 49. of digitalis with tine, digit. 50. of gentian with magnesia, 56. of boneset, 68. 174. of pleurisy root, 68. of pipsisseway, 69. Infusion of malt, 203. * of flaxseed, 80. of dandelion, 53. of pink root, 96. of galls, &c 188. of sassafras, 126. of logwood, 188. of Cayenne pepper, 127. of cloves, 127. of ginger, 127. of conium, 142. of hyoscyamus, 142. of Colombo and ginger, 170. of quassia and serpentaria, 172. of chamomile, 172. of serpentaria, 173. of hops, 173. of cinchona with lime water, 174. of gentian, 175. of seneka with ipecac, &c 74. Injections per anum. See Enemata. for gonorrhoea, 181. Injection of kino, alum, &c 182. of ammoniuret of copper, 184. of sulphate of zinc, 183. of corrosive sublimate, 183. of same with mur. ammo- nia, 183. of acetate of zinc, 183. of sulphate of zinc and bole, 184. of calomel and laudanum, 184. of sulph. of copper, 184. of tea, 184. for the ear, viz. of pyroligneous acid, &c. 182, 183. of infusion of catechu, 182. of Peruvian balsam and Ox gall, 183. Iodate of zinc, ointment of, 129. Iodine, tincture of, 91. 128. with calomel, 129. Ipecacuanha, 18. 22. with tartar emetic, 18. with rhubarb, 18. with squills, 21. with aloes, 32. with calomel and opi- um, 60, 61. . INDEX. 227 Ipecacuanha with guaiacum, nitre, \ &c. 60. with myrrh, 70. pills, 73. with hyoscyamus, 133. wine with antimony, 19. Iron, sulphate of. See Sulphate of Iron. muriate of, with aloes, 92. carbonate of, 166. prussiate of, with guaiacum, 161. Issues and setons, 103. Juniper berries, fkc. in cider, 49. with cream of tar- tar, 49. oil, 49. K. Kentish ointment, 105. Kino with alum, 176. 182. with opium, 178. Kirkland's neutral cerate, 194. Lac sulphuris, 28. ammoniac, 79. Lactucarium, 133. Laudanum, graduated doses of, 138. with spirits of turpen- tine, 139. denarcotized, 140. enema, 144. with ether, 149. antidotes of, 212. Laffecteur, rob antisyphilitic of, 66. Lemonade, 203. Lead, acetate of, with calomel, 177. acetate, collyrium of, 179. acetate, antidotes of, 212. Lime water with alcoliol, (lotion,) 191. with carbonate of pot- ash, 56. with corrosive subli- mate, 115. with opium, 144. with calomel, 115. with cinchona, 174. with catechu, (ene- ma,) 190. and zinc, (lotion,) 191. and linseed oil, 191. with milk, 197. Liquorice with guaiacum, &c. 59. Lithontriptics, 53. Liniment of ammonia and turpen- tine, 105. with camphor, 106. with soap, 106. of oil of amber, 108. with ammonia and oil, 106. with ammonia and tartar emetic, 106. of cantharides, 106. of opium, 107. of tar, 107. Linctus, white, 75. of spt. of turpentine, 125. Lozenges of emetina, 21. of liquorice, opium, &c. 73. Logwood, infusion of, 188. Lotion of lime water, zinc, &c. 191. of same and alcohol, 191. Lobelia, 67. inflata, 22. Lupulin pills, 132. tincture of, 139. Lunar caustic, 112. M. Magnesia with rhubarb, 26. 38. opium, and asafoetida, 35. with sulphur, 28. with Epsom salts, 37. with colchicum wine, 52. with infusion of gentian, 56. with camphor, 124. 198. with fennel seed, 196. with carbonate of soda, 196. with columbo, 196. with aqua ammonia, 198. Madder, 87. 89. Marsh-reed grass, 66. Male fern, 94. Malt, infusion of, 203. Mezereon, 67. Mercury, acetate of, 152. sulphuret of, with serpen- taria, 62. with chalk and ipecacuan- ha, 154. sub-sulphate of, 154. red oxide of, 154. antidotes of, 212. Mercurial plaster, 101. ointment with camphor, 155. 228 INDEX. Mercurial ointment, 155. lotion, 156. collyrium, 178. Mineral acids, 112. Morphia, acetate of, 132. 139, 140. sulphate of, in sirup, 220. Moxa, 113. Mucilage of starch, 208. Mustard draught, 21. cataplasm, 108. seed, 126. whey, 126. Muriatic acid and barley water, 56. with nitric acid, 171. linctus of, 187. Muriate of barytes, 69. of iron with aloes, &c 91. of iron, tincture of, 170. of soda with cochineal, 93. of ammonia with arsenic, &c 163. of ammonia with iron, &c. 164. of ammonia, injection of, 183. Mugwort, 113. Mu§k and camphor pills, 147. with sub-carbonate of ammo- nia, 147. enema, 149. mixture, 148. Myrrh with henbane, 73. with sulphate of iron, 87. with hellebore, 89. with ipecacuanha, 70. lotion, 116. with camphor, 124. mixture, Griffith's, 166, with zinc, 71. N. Narcotics, 131. antidotes of, 213. Neutral mixture, 62. cerate, Kirkland's, 194. Nitric acid with Epsom salts, 37. acid diluted, 168. 171. lac ammoniac, 79. Nitrate of silver, 112. of silver, pills of, 165. of silver, collyrium of, 181. of potash with tartar emetic, 59. of potash with guaiacum, &c. 60. 65. Nitre with barley water, 69. antidotes of, 213. Nitre with calomel and ipecacuanha, 71. Nitro-muriatic acid, 171. Nitro-muriate of gold, 165. Nitrous powders, 59. 62. acid with laudanum, 167. Nut galls, infusion of, 188. Nux vomica powders, 135. resin of, 135. tincture of, 137. O. Oak bark gargle, 185. Oil of amber with tolu, 76. liniment, 108. Ointment of tartar emetic, 102. of arsenic, 113. of red precipitate, 114. of white precipitate, 115. of iodine and calomel, 129. of hydriodate of potash, 130. Kentish, 105. of gall nuts, 193. of oxide of zinc, 193. of rhubarb and opium, 193. of tar and opium, 193. comp. sulphur, 194. of protoiodide of mercury, 129. of iodate of zinc, 129. of belladonna, 142. of alum and calomel, 192. Oleaginous mixture, 34. Olive oil with ammonia, 97. Opium with nitre, &c. 60. with guaiacum, nitre, &.c. 60. with ipecacuanha, &c. 60. with calomel and ipecacuan- ha, 61. 71. with camphor, &c. 180. liniment, 107. with common caustic, 112. with soap in pills, 132. with hyoscyamus, 133. with digitalis, 46.134. enema, 143. with lime water, 144. suppository, 144. plaster, 144. with pellitory, 156. with arsenic, 177. with acetate of lead, 177.179. with kino, 178. antidotes of, 213. with quinia and calomel, 219. INDEX. 229 Opiate confection, 134. 150. mixture, 137. collyrium, 137.178. enema, 143. Oxide of bismuth, 163. of zinc, 164. of arsenic, 113. 163. of zinc, ointment of, 193. Oxalic acid, antidotes of, 214. P. Paregoric with cicuta, &c. 75. with squills, 74. elixir, 141. Parsley infusion, 48. Panado, 204. Pea issue, 104. Peruvian bark. See Cinchona. balsam for the ear, 183. Pellitory, 155. Pectoral mixture, 81. Phosphoric acid, 115. Phosphorous emulsion, 125. Phosphate of soda, 28. Pipsisseway, 69. Piperina with gentian, 162. Pink root with calomel, 95. with savin, 94. infusion, 96. Plummer's pills, 63. Pleurisy root, 68. Plaster of mercurial ointment, 101. of tartar emetic, 102. Poppies, collyrium of, 180. Pomegranate bark, 97. gargle, 186. Potash, sub-carb. of, with lime wa- ter, 56. sub-carb. of, with opium, &c See Carbonate of Pot- ash. sulphate of. See Sulphate of Potash. caustic, 112. Potassium, cyanide of, 82. Poultices. See Cataplasm. Poisons, 209. Protoiodide of mercury with mor- phia, 129. Prussic acid solution, 80, 81. mixture, 82. Prussiate of iron and guaiacum, 161. Pyroligneous acid, 182, 183. mixture of, 182. Q. Quassia, infusion of, &c. 172. pills of extract of, 164. with ammoniuret of copper, 165. with serpentaria, 172. Quinia pills, 161. with carbonate of ammonia, 162. in sirup, 168. in mixture, 169. with calomel, &c. 219. with blu§ mass, &c. 219. with tart, antimon., &c. 220. S. Sage tea, 203. Saline mixture, 62. Sarsaparilla decoction, 68. with senna, &c. 66. beer, 218. Sago, 205. Sal seratus with Seltzer water, 55. Savin with ginger, &c 87. with cantharides, §6. with hellebore, 89. with pink root, 93. ** with acetate of copper, 116. Sassafras infusion, 126. Seltzer water, 55. Serpentaria with sulphuret of mer- cury, 62. infusion of, 173. Secale cornutum, 87. 89. Setons, 103,104. &c. R. Red precipitate ointment, 114. Rhatany root, 190. Rhubarb with calomel, 26. with soap, 29, 30. with aloes, 31. with sulphate of iron, 31. with magnesia, 26. with ipecacuanha, 116. with columbo, 170. with opium, (ointment,) 193. with chalk, 195. with carbonate of soda, 196. Rennet whey, 208. Resin of nux vomica, 135. Rice water, 202. gruel, 204. Rob antisyphilitic of Laffecteur, 66* Rubefacients, 105. 230 INDEX. Senna with manna and salts, 37. infusion of, 38. infusion.of, with rhubarb, 38. with pink root, 95. Seneka with squills, 22. in decoction, 83. 88. Seidlitz powders, 28. Sialagogues, 151. Snake root, Virginia. See Serpentaria. Soap pills, 55. liniment, 106. Soda, carbonate of, with gentian, 199. chloride of, (lotion,) 191. phosphate of, 28. sub-carb. of, with copaiva, 56. Sponge, burnt, 122. Spurge, 36. Spermaceti mixture, 79. Spirits of turpentine, 57. with castor oil, 36. enema of, 43. mixture of, 50. 124. with hartshorn, 98. with ether, 98. with cantha- rides, 105. with laudanum, &c 124. linctus of, 125. with laudanum, 139. Spice plaster, 108. Spurred" rye, 87. Starch, mucilage of, 208. Strychnia pills, 135. tincture of, 136. draught of, 136. Stramonium, extract of, 134. decoction of, 143. Stimulants, 119. Squills with potash, 45. with morphia, 83. with "calomel, 47. with calomel and digitalis, 47. with paregoric, &c. 74. with colchicum 'and tobacco, 49. with, carbonate of potash, &c. 51. with cicuta, &c. 72. with calomel and ammoniac, 72. with calomel, opium, &c. 73. Squills with seneka, 22. Steel filings, 164. Sub-carbonate of potash. See Car- bonate of Potash. Sugar of lead. See Acetate of Lead. Sulphate of copper, 19. 190. of copper, pills of, 163. of copper with bole, 177. of copper, collyrium of, 180. of copper, injection of, 184. of zinc, 19. of zinc with alum, 20. of zinc with myrrh, 71. of zinc in pills, 72. of zinc, (injection,) 183. of zinc, (gargle,) 186. of zinc with bole, (injec- tion,) 184. of potash with rhubarb, 27. of potash with opium, &c. 60. of magnesia. See Epsom Salts. of alumine with kino, 176. 182. of alumine with opium, 177. of morphia in sirup, 220. of iron with senna, jalap, &c. 88. of* iron with aloes, &c 88. of iron with extract of bark, &c. 161. of iron with gentian, 165. of iron with sulphuric acid, 166. of iron with elixir vitriol, 171. of quinia. See Quinia. Sulphur and magnesia, 28. confection of, 33. electuary, 42. ointment, (aromatic,) 194. Sulphuric acid mixture, 166, Suet ptisan, 208. Supertartrate of potash. See Cream of Tartar. .> Sulphuret of antimony, 61. of mercury, 62. of potash, lotion of, 191, 192. Suppository of opium, 144. Sirup of galls and brandy, 189. Sweet spirits of nitre, &c. 64, Swaim's panacea, 66. INDEX. 231 ' T. Tapioca jelly, 205. Tartar emetic solution, 20. , enema, 43. with nitre and calo- mel, 59. with camphor and opium, 62. plaster, 102. : pills, 72. ointment, 102. solution, 102. with quinia and calo- mel, 220. Tartar whey, 208. salt of. See Carbonate of Potash. Tar liniment, 107. ointment, 193. Tea injection, 184. Tin electuary, 95. antidotes of, 215. Tincture of toltt with antimonial wine, 64. 78. of iodine, 90. of blood-root, 77. of guaiacum, 89. of digitalis, 77. 141. of bark with citrate of pot- ash, 166. of bark, 170. of muriate of iron, 170. of catechu, (mixture,) 189. Tolu with digitalis, 78. with ammoniac, 83. with asafoetida, 77. with amber oil, 76. inhalation of, 84. Tobacco poultice, 23. enema, 44. with squills and colchicum, 49. Tonics, 158. Turpentine pills, 47. 95.120. mixture, 35*. * oil of. See Spirits of Turpentine. U. Uva ursi with soda, 46. with cinchona, &c. S5. Valerian with cinchona, 172. with sub-carb. of ammonia, 121. bolus, 147. with musk and camphor, 148. with Hoffman's anodyne, 149. Veratrina, tincture and ointment of, 40. Vegetable soup, 206. Vermifuges, 93. Vermifuge bolus, 95. Venice turpentine pills, 96. Vitriol, blue. See Sulphate of Cop- per. Verdigris, powder of, 116* Vinegar collyrium, 179. whey, 208. Volatile liniment, 106. tinct. of guaiac. 90. W. Water gruel, 204. Warner's cordial, 39. White precipitate ointment, 115. Whey, alum, 189. wine, 126. rennet, 208. tartar, 208. ■ vinegar, 208* Wine of ipecacuanha with anti- mony, 19. .* of colchicum, 39. 52. whey, 126. mixture, 127. of opium, 141. Wistar's cough lozenges, 73. Wild cherry tree bark, 173. Wormseed oil, 97* Worm tea, 95. Y.- Yest pSoultice, 110. Yellow wash, 115. Z. Zinc, pills of oxide, 164. sulphate of. See Sulphate of Zinc. antidotes of, 215. acetate of, (collyrium,) 179. THE END. NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NLfl 03E7M531 1 NLM032745319