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AND WELFARE Public Health Service National Institutes of Health I IMMUNOLOGY MEDLARS INDEXING INSTRUCTIONS BY THELMA CHAREN WITH A GLOSSARY BY MARIA FaRKAS AND ANNA WEISS ;i:iiiii;r.iiii:i:i.i:iiiii^H Index Section, BSD 1973 i z tf7Zi I97Z BETHESDA M, MO. \ ^ e This indexing guide is intended primarily for the use of MEDLARS an- alysts at the National Library of Medicine and at MEDLARS and Indexing Centers < 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ................. i Scope of Immunology........... 1 Indexing Policy ............. 4 Transplantation Immunology ...... 17 Inflammation ............. 23 Subheadings...............25 References and Tools..........36 Appendix I: MeSH Headings 1973.....37 Appendix II: Immunology Journals .... 49 Index..................56 I ( B t-1 M O 03 « CO rt CO O 03 hh 03 OJ H* o O P O o cr rt hh 3 h«« 3 ?r cr ri rt CL h{ ii h* h1* CL fD 03 fD •i o h{ h*« CO rt rt h-1 h-1 03 03 H M.TJ 3 CT c/a h{ CL^< rt M 3 0 fD CO rt cr rt fD ►d fD co cr ZT<< CL hh O *i fD fD rt O rt fD h* zr O s o CO o O »i hh CO CO 0 W K 3 hh 03 o h1* M* h* T3 i-h CO fD O CO cr O < 03 fD h** zr c 5 rt 1-u ,-J rt c hh h"* h-» < n h* hj o S ZT o o ZT h{ ri CO 03 H 3 TJ >i fD fD (TO fD fD fD X h1* rt h-» 3 rt O fD CL h{ CCJV- 03 fD O P" 3 CO CO (-*• 3 53 CL 03 03 3 03 fD O fD O O r1 h** H* 03 CO h-1 3 03 h-1 o 0 h* 03 < 3 rt 03 rt O JS CO O 3 O 5 3 s fD h* h-1 03 cr hh h^OQ hh Td fD h{ W O CO «* fD ^ CU m fD CO o 3 O TJ W g H 73 rt (D P" P H* CO 03 h{ $ h* p • h^T: rt fD o rt rt M cr 03 cr O CO 3 h{ H- fD >i fD v< o "^ o 0 h-1 rt O CO fD 3 f rt O o 03 03 • 0 h* fD o h^OQ 0Q OQ ^ o cr CO hh 3 w 3 03 O 03 h* o CL cr M T3 CL < h* < O fD fD O CO H M H Cu H- h* 3 fD CO rt ri CO O 3 P* C o « 3 CLfjq O zr fD CL ?r 00 id W rt rt 3 h* h* fD •-< w s h1* ►i rt O O O 1 3 M X o 3 f h1* g o 03 H fD CL « 0Q h* h-» H hh 3 • S h* ro O W h-1 cr r-» 3 fD CL 03 3 H- X •i fD 03 03 h{ co 3 CO 03 cn ?r CL CO »-•• h* n 3 3 03 0 o CO h{ 0 fD fD 3 rt rt CL CL hj 3 h-1 h** CL rt X rt 0Q M* M* VJ ^ o O CO h* cr h- O O o cr 03 0Q 3 <• •i O 3 Cu h* 0 ^ cr hh 3 h* 03 03 rt 0Q fJQ h"* CO «• ^ O CL CO H* 5 CO cr h* CL g PC h{ rt 03 M» < • S! fD O n • 03 rt a h* n p- 03 hi hj W cr CL H* • 3 fD rt cr • O hj H < o CL rt S I-1 h** fD h* (-*• cr h1* 3 n fr- cr g ►d O h{ & fD CO fD O 03 cr X fD b fD P rt fD 3 ft fD h-1 03 h* M CL 03 h*« O o a ►3 3 t^ r-1 21-1* fD T3 03 O M 03 0Q 7$ 03 H* P" 3 3 3 M CO ^ fD 3 I 03 1 ri I CO 3 r* hh co cr W CO o O O h1* CO p o rt fD < fD 03 M* hh g • n rJ« fD 3 h-1 Co g rt rt g 3 CO h-1 O 3 cr e 3 03 h1* CD CO 0 3 ? fD 0 rt CLfJQ rt n 3 o hf M- fD M h1- rt »-■• rt M o hh fD o fD < h- c h1- o cr h** 3 CD CO h* < 3 0Q fD r-** CO rt rt H- rt 3 ^ M h-1 3 o fD ^i rt Cu fD CO M hh 0 ^ 03 o 3 h-1 3 O M cr rt 3 o CO h1* 0 fD ^ zr o CO 0 • hh B g h{ fD O fD >3 5 fD Co hhOQ h* Co P 3 h-»>0 to CL O ^ g h-» h-» rt 03 03 o CT fD hj g rt ^< fD 3 It w ^ rt Co 3 zr h{ rt r*- 03 3 3 cr CO CO CT rt rt 3 rt CL O 0 fD h1' cr cr CL O h-1 hh n Co hh h-» fD fD Cl zr O hh 03 cr 03 h«« £ Co *< 0Q h* 3 0 O rt 3 co H»^J T3 rJ« 1 CO 3 fD ^ fD 3 h-1 • fD 1 fD rt co fD cr h-1 hj CL | ( ' SCOPE OF IMMUNOLOGY For the purposes of this brochure, immunology will be defined as the sum of all knowledge on the immune processes of the body which allow it to re- sist and to protect itself against attack by for- eign mechanisms. Immunology here will include not only the prevention of disease by immunization, but will include also all processes attendant upon anti- gen-antibody reactions and antibody formation, and the more recent developments on the induction of specific reactivities in lymphocytes and their im- munoglobulin products. By this definition immunology will exclude hematology which treats of the morphology and co- agulation of the blood. It will include serology which treats of the diagnostic and experimental procedures relating to serum factors, with spec- ial reference to antigen-antibody reactions. Fur- ther, it will include allergy and hypersensitivity which Boyd calls "a phenomenon which is the reverse of increased resistance." It also includes trans- plantation immunology, but rheumatology is ex- cluded „ Although the term "autoimmune diseases" appears in the hierarchical array on page 40, we have excluded specific diseases studied as auto- immune in research, such as thyroiditis or systemic lupus erythematosus. The literature of research tends to be highly specific, and in indexing the bulk of immunological literature the MEDLARS Analyst has available in MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH) many specific terms to serve the field of immunology. Often it is not the specific term which is difficult to use, but the general one, for generality poses the problem of its scope: how much does the general term indeed cover and what precisely or imprecisely are its limitations? I I The most general terms in MeSH are here defined immediately since, frankly, they are little used in attacking the specificity of immunological research. We can define their scope here and then dismiss them for they will be used only in articles speaking of them in very general terms. This term is reserved for the field IMMUNOLOGY or specialty concerned with immunity and immune processes. It is a spec- ialty heading in the same way that OPHTHALMOLOGY is a specialty while EYE or EYE DISEASES refers to the patient, or in the way that DERMATOLOGY is a spec- ialty heading while SKIN or SKIN DISEASES refers to the patient. This is a basic principle of indexing in INDEX MEDICUS and MEDLARS. IMMUNOLOGY will cover articles on both the field and the immunologist. It is categorized by MeSH as a G2 term and as such finds a place among the other specialties in medicine and science and in indexing. As a specialty, it will garner articles on im- munology as a field, the economic aspects of the field, technics and technology in immunology, lab- oratories, immunological equipment and instrumenta- tion, and any concern of the immunologist as a prac- titioner in this specialty, his training, his person- ality, his role in medicine, etc. An article on the history of immunology is prop- erly indexed under this term as IMMUNOLOGY ^history. An article, "Trends in immunology" is indexed under IMMUNOLOGY. Financing an immunology laboratory in underdeveloped countries is indexed under IMMUNOLOGY as is an article on the rising cost of immunological equipment (IMMUNOLOGY ^instrumentation). This is placed in Subcategory Gl in IMMUNITY MeSH where are found all the physiol- ogical headings. In this way IMMUNITY is for the fact of the immune reaction of the human or animal body against infection and foreign matter. 2 i ( Articles on IMMUNITY will emphasize the physiological mechanism of immunity and the immune processes. The following actual titles were found indexed correctly under IMMUNITY: "The evolution of adapt- ive immunity in vertebrates", "The hierarchy of body defenses", "The human gut and immune homeostasis", "The function of macrophages in the immune response", "An immunological approach to aging." This is categorized by MeSH in Sub- IMMUNIZATION category E2, one devoted to preventive and therapeutic technics and equipment. This heading will, therefore, be used for the various methods of rendering man or animal immune - by serums, by antitoxins, by vaccines and the like. Articles entitled as follows were correctly in- dexed under IMMUNIZATION: "Oral immunization with non-living organisms", "New thoughts on immunization programs in general practice", "Influence of immun- ization procedures on the titer of antisera to glyco- polypeptides", "Immunization of goats with human im- munoglobulins and complement." It should be mentioned here that under the principle of multiple-indexing (indexing under all facets of an article) in all of the above articles other headings were used besides IMMUNIZATION. This is the field of immunology dealing SEROLOGY with in vitro antigen-antibody reactions. Like all -OLOGY headings in MeSH, it re- fers to the specialty field and to the practitioner, the serologist. It is little used in INDEX MEDICUS and MEDLARS since indexers are daily confronted with articles dealing with far more specific aspects of serology for which MeSH happily provides many more specific terms (see pages 38 to 48). 3 i I INDEXING POLICY In the area of immunology all the usual pat- terns of indexing for INDEX MEDICUS and MEDLARS will obtain. In this field as in all others, the analyst will adhere to the policy of indexing for both publication in INDEX MEDICUS (IM) and for stor- age in the MEDLARS computer for retrieval upon demand (NIM or Non-INDEX MEDICUS). Too, the analyst will follow the principle of depth and non-depth indexing as outlined in the MEDLARS Indexing Manual. The principle of maximum specificity will always be followed. An article on the Wasser- mann test will be indexed under WASSERMANN RE- ACTION, not under SERODIAGNOSIS nor under SYPH- ILIS SERODIAGNOSIS. An article on streptococcal vaccines will be indexed for the vaccine term as BACTERIAL VACCINES, not VACCINES. An arti- cle on immunoglobulins will be indexed under IMMUNOGLOBULINS or even better under a specific immunoglobulin, not under GLOBULINS or SERUM GLOBULINS. 4 i Index the field of immunology as a specialty or discipline under the heading IMMUNOLOGY as IM. IM- MUNOLOGY is discussed on page 2. Here is the complete citation from the MEDLARS Indexing Manual on IMMUNOLOGY: "IMMUNOLOGY is to be reserved for the field concerning itself with immun- ity and the immune process, and will be treated as a specialty heading (like OPHTHALMOLOGY, GASTROENTEROL- OGY, etc.). It will cover articles on the immunologist as a specialist, training in immunology, technics in immunology, economics, laboratories, equipment, etc. In such articles, IMMUNOLOGY will probably be IM." (Section 24.7) Here is the complete citation from the MEDLARS Indexing Manual on IMMUNITY: "IMMUNITY is used to cover the phys- iological processes of the animal body against foreign matter, pois- ons, infection, etc. Since MeSH provides many more specific headings related to IMMUNITY (ANTIGEN-ANTI- BODY REACTIONS; ANTIBODY FORMATION; GAMMA GLOBULIN; etc.), the more spe- cific heading is usually preferred (IM) to IMMUNITY. Use this heading only when the article discusses the immune process as an entity, irre- spective of its specific elements." (Section 24.8) IMMUNITY is discussed with examples on page 2. The array of headings related to IMMUNITY is on page 48. 5 When indexing IMMUNITY as the immune process, make it IM. Index the prevention of disease in general by immunization under IMMUNIZATION. For a longer dis- cussion with examples, see page 3. When indexing immunization in general under IMMUNIZATION, do not index also under the main head' ing DISEASE or under COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL. Index the prevention of a specific disease by immunization under the name of the disease with the subheading *prevention & control (IM), and IMMUNI- ZATION (IM). VACCINATION is a specific type of immunization. The following two paragraphs are quoted directly from the MEDLARS Indexing Manual: "VACCINATION will include the con- cept of vaccination, where it is done, when it is done, who is vac- cinated, its indications, value and results, etc. VACCINES and the specific vaccine headings will cover articles on the vaccine it- self, its composition, preparation, storage and the like." (Section 20.5.1) "Before indexing an article on vac- cination, the Analyst must deter- mine whether the point of the vac- cination is the immunological as- pect and the antibody titer or whether the point is the prevention of a specific disease. For the former, he has available the Sub- heading ^immunology; for the latter, the Subheading ^prevention & control." (Section 20.5.2) 6 Index the prevention of disease in general by vaccination under VACCINATION (IM). Index the prevention of a specific disease by vaccination under the name of the disease with the subheading ^prevention & control (IM) and VACCINA- TION (IM) . Smallpox vaccination SMALLPOX ^prevention & control (IM) VACCINATION (IM) If the vaccine is discussed in the article, index under the name of the disease with the subheading ^prevention & control (IM) , VACCINATION (IM) and the name of the vaccine heading if available in MeSH, without a subheading (IM). Smallpox vaccine in the prevention of smallpox SMALLPOX ^prevention & control (IM) VACCINATION (IM) SMALLPOX VACCINE (IM) If another aspect of the vaccine itself is dis- cussed (such as ^administration & dosage), obviously depth indexing demands that the vaccine heading be supplied with the proper subheading. Analysts are often uneasy with regard to the multiple-indexing of VACCINATION and the VACCINES concepts. Does one index under one or the other or both? There should be no confusion: if the author discusses both, each should be indexed independently of the other. Any confusion should be resolved thus: if the principle of disease prevention by vaccination is discussed, with the slant of the article on vac- cination as a preventive measure, then VACCINATION is the correct term, alone. 7 If, on the other hand, the article discusses a specific vaccine or vaccines in general, with the emphasis on the preparation of the vaccine, its composition, its storage, its stability, its effectiveness, its dosage, its method of admin- istration, etc., then VACCINES or specific MeSH vaccine terms should be used. Briefly, distinguish, as above, between the fact and act of vaccination and the tangible vac- cine substance itself. Obviously, articles can discuss vaccination without discussing a vaccine and a vaccine without discussing vaccination. Just as obviously articles can discuss both. Fol- low the text of the author and index one, or the other, or both. If a vaccine is used to prevent a disease, index under the name of the disease with the sub- heading ^prevention & control (IM) , but DO NOT USE a subheading with the vaccine heading, as in the example in 8 above. This is to distingish between vaccine prevention and vaccine therapy of disease. If a vaccine is used to treat an existing dis- ease, index under the name of the disease with the subheading *therapy (IM) and the name of the vac- cine with the subheading ^therapeutic use. Note that with the disease heading you use *therapy, not *drug therapy. This is because vaccines are not "drugs" in the usual sense of either the word or its use in indexing. Note also that you do NOT use as a coordinate VACCINE THERAPY since, obviously, this is less specific than the name of the vaccine with *thera- peutic use. 8 RABIES ^prevention & control (IM) VACCINATION (IM) RABIES VACCINE (IM) but RABIES *therapy (IM) RABIES VACCINE ^therapeutic use (IM) If the specific vaccine heading is not available in MeSH, index under one of the general vaccine head- ings from the array on page 44: BACTERIAL VACCINES, FUNGAL VACCINES or VIRAL VACCINES. Make the vaccine heading IM and coordinate it wit the name of the organism with the subheading *immun- ology (IM). Prevention of streptococcal in- fections by vaccination with streptococcal vaccine {STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS *prevention & control (IM) VACCINATION (IM) ^ mBACTERIAL VACCINES if (IM) \ STREPTOCOCCUS ^immunology (IM) The apparent redundancy and overlapping of terms must be disregarded. The principle of multiple-in- dexing and that of coordination demand- each of the above terms. Also the print/store rationale of MED- LARS demands IM for each of the above. Index the complications of vaccination in general under the name of the disease with the subheading ^prevention 6c control (IM) and VACCINATION ^adverse effects (IM). If the complications are specified, index them with the subheading ^etiology, not *chem- ically induced. 9 Index the adverse effects of specific vaccines under the name of the vaccine with the subheading ^adverse effects (IM) . If the complications are indexed, use the subheading ^etiology, NOT *chem- Ically induced (since a vaccine is not a "chemi- cal" in indexing usage; see section 11 above). Gangrene caused by smallpox vaccine SMALLPOX VACCINE ^adverse effects (IM) GANGRENE *etiology (IM) Gangrene caused by smallpox vaccination GANGRENE *etiology (IM) VACCINATION ^adverse effects (IM) SMALLPOX ^prevention & control (IM) Note: in the first example the vaccine itself caused the gangrene, while in the second, the act of vac- cination (possibly trauma) caused the gangrene. Fol- low the text of the author. The terms "serological aspects" or "serology" frequently appear in titles of articles. Examine the text to see whether the author means "sero- diagnosis" or "immunology". If "serology" means "serodiagnosis", index the name of the disease with the subheading ^diagnosis. If "serology" means "immunology", index the name of the organ, organism or disease with the subheading ^immunology. Index the serodiagnosis of disease in general under SERODIAGNOSIS (IM) . Do not index under the main heading DISEASE. Index the serodiagnosis of a specific disease under the name of the disease with the subheading ^diagnosis (IM) and SERODIAGNOSIS (NIM). Index a specific serodiagnostic method in a dis- ease under the name of the disease with the subhead- ing ^diagnosis (IM) and the specific serodiagnostic technic from the array on pages 45 and 46 (IM). Do NOT also index under SERODIAGNOSIS. \ Index organs, tissues, organisms or substances as antigens under ANTIGENS with an appropriate sub- heading (IM) and the name of the antigenic source with the subheading ^immunology (if permitted by category) (IM). Polypeptide antigens ANTIGENS (IM) PEPTIDES (IM) Antigenicity of a cystadenocarcinoma ANTIGENS (IM) CYSTADENOCARCINOMA ^immunology (IM) NEOPLASM ANTIGENS (NIM) (Prov) Corneal antigens ANTIGENS (IM) CORNEA ^immunology (IM) House dust antigens ANTIGENS (IM) DUST (IM) Mycoplasma antigens MYCOPLASMA *immunology (IM) BACTERIAL ANTIGENS (IM) Index antibodies against organisms, organs and substances, or antibodies formed in various diseases under ANTIBODIES with an appropriate subheading (IM) and the target with the subheading ^immunology (if permitted by category) (IM). 11 Eel antibodies ANTIBODIES (IM) EELS ^immunology (IM) Antibodies to adenovirus in cancer ANTIBODIES (IM) ADENOVIRUS ^immunology (IM) NEOPLASMS *immunology (IM) NEOPLASMS *microbiology (NIM) Neutralizing antibodies in kidneys of swine in African swine fever ANTIBODIES (IM) KIDNEY *immunology (IM) AFRICAN SWINE FEVER ^immunology (IM) NEUTRALIZATION TESTS (NIM) SWINE (NIM) Antibodies to estradiol ESTRADIOL (IM) ANTIBODIES (IM) Antibodies in schistosomiasis mansoni ANTIBODIES (IM) SCHISTOSOMIASIS ^immunology (IM) SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI ^immunology (NIM) A cytochrome oxidase antibody ANTIBODIES (IM) CYTOCHROME OXIDASE (IM) Note that no subheading appears in the examples after ANTIBODIES. This is merely to simplify the illustra- tions. The text will decide the proper subheading. 12 « Distinguish carefully between antibodies and anti-antibodies. The parlance of authors is some- times misleading. "Anti-thymocyte antibodies" means antibodies against thymocytes: it does not mean thymocyte anti-antibodies. Similarly antistreptococcal anti- bodies means antibodies, not anti-antibodies. When the author means anti-antibodies, this term usually appears in the text, undisguised. Note, however, the MeSH cross-reference, "ANTI- GAMMA GLOBULIN ANTIBODIES see under ANTI-ANTIBODIES". This is because gamma globulin itself is an antibody. Anti-globulin antibodies seen in texts in the ex- pression, for example, as "anti-horse globulin anti- bodies" are also ANTI-ANTIBODIES. IMMUNE SERUMS is a MeSH heading but it should be used by analysts circumspectly. In immunological research, an immune serum is used mostly as the source of a specific antibody figuring in the article. It is elicited in animals by a specific antigen. When discussed as the source of the anti- body in the article, it should be indexed as an NIM coordinate, with no subheading. Do not index under IMMUNE SERUMS unless it is especially discussed. If it is merely mentioned as the antibody source as above, it must not be indexed at all. Usually a much more specific heading in- volving immune serums or antiserum (a synonym for immune serum) is in order, especially the specific serodiagnostic procedures routinely using immune serums, such as HEMAGGLUTINATION, PRECIPITIN TESTS, etc. Index the toxic or cytotoxic effects of immune serums on organs under the name of the organ with the subheading ^immunology (IM) and IMMUNE SERUMS (IM). 13 Do not automatically use the subheading ^toxicity with IMMUNE SERUMS. It is possible to index the combination IMMUNE SERUMS ^toxicity but the article must specifically discuss the toxic effects of the immune serum to meet the definition of ^toxicity as demanded by MeSH. Nephrotoxic effect of hyper- immune serum KIDNEY ^immunology (IM) IMMUNE SERUMS ^pharmacodynamics (IM) Effect of cytotoxic anti- brain serum on conditioned reflex BRAIN ^immunology (IM) REFLEX, CONDITIONED (IM) IMMUNE SERUMS ^pharmacodynamics (IM) Note that ^toxicity is not used with IMMUNE SERUMS; that BRAIN *drug effects does not appear since no biological product is a "drug" in the indexing sense of the word. See section 50, pages 25 and 26. Do not use the check tag ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS for such concepts as snake venom, sheep erythrocytes, horse serum, pig insulin, etc., even though you must index the name of the animal NIM (SNAKES, SHEEP, HORSES, SWINE, etc.)(Indexing Manual 14.30 and 15.20) The animal heading is needed for identifying the source of the biological matter, but use of the check tag might result in a misleading search retrieval for experiments on the specific animals. Obviously if you need the check tag ANIMAL EXPERI- MENTS for the usual reason to cover some other aspect of the article, by all means use the tag, but do not check it merely to cover the animal source. 14 Many articles concern one animal as the usual experimental animal and another as the source of substances used in immunological studies. When two or more such animals figure in an ar- ticle, index two ways: 1. index the experimental animal in the usual way, whether as a Check Tag or specified as NIM, with NO subheading and with the Check Tag ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS; 2. index the animal source of the immunologi- cal feature with the subheading ^immunology. In most instances, both will be NIM. The subheading ^immunology is used with the name of ANY animal supplying the immunological matter in order to refine search retrievals. A searcher re- questing articles on the morphology of erythrocytes in sheep does not want irrelevant articles discuss- ing sheep erythrocytes in immunological studies. The following examples show only the correct use or absence of ^immunology as outlined above and the correct use of ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS. Autoimmune thyroiditis in chickens CHICKENS + ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS Effect of whole-body irradiation on de- layed hypersensitivity in rats RATS + ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS Properties of rabbit antiserum to mouse growth hormone RABBITS ^immunology MICE (source of growth hormone) 15 Growth inhibition of newborn rats by plasma of monkeys immunized against rat growth hormone MONKEYS ^immunology RATS + ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS (for new- born rats) Hemolytic plaque-forming cells in the hamster; response to sheep and mouse erythrocytes HAMSTERS + ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS SHEEP ^immunology MICE ^immunology Rosette formation in vitro between normal human lymphocytes and sheep erythrocytes SHEEP ^immunology In vitro effect of goat antisera to rabbit thymocytes GOATS ^immunology RABBITS ^immunology Purification of horse serum HORSES *immunology (i.e., IMMUNE SERUMS ^isolation & purification) Antibody response in the guinea pig against pig insulin GUINEA PIGS + ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS SWINE ^immunology (i.e., source of INSULIN ANTIBODIES) 16 ( ( TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY The field of transplantation and its subdisci- pline transplantation immunology are very important in immunological research. Patterns in indexing this area have evolved through use. The conventional aspects are covered below. The main heading TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY may be used for the field in general, but more often it will be used for articles dealing with the immune response of the body to specified or unspecified organ or cell transplants. It is usually IM. Transplantation immunity in mo Husks TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY (IM) MOLLUSCA ^immunology (IM) Index the transplantation of an organ, tissue or cell under the name of the organ, tissue or cell transplanted, with the subheading ^transplantation (IM). Kidney transplants KIDNEY ^transplantation Skin grafts SKIN ^transplantation An organ tissue or cell with the subheading ^transplantation and/or TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY is always coordinated with one of the three types of transplantation headings in MeSH: TRANSPLANTA- TION, HOMOLOGOUS (between the same species - human to human, dog to dog, rat to rat); TRANSPLANTATION HETEROLOGOUS (between different species - baboon to 17 i man, rat to dog, dog to monkey) or TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS (within the same animal or person). Make TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS NIM since this is the most frequently encountered type of transfer. It will figure largely in search retrievals and must be made accessible. Index TRANSPLANTATION, HETEROLOGOUS and TRANS- PLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS usually as IM since these are less frequently met. Index any type of transplantation as IM when the point of the article is the identity of the type, ir- respective of the organ or immunology. Index also under the name of the species (DOGS, MONKEYS, RATS, HUMAN). If cadaveric organs are used, the article should be indexed also under the heading CADAVER. Since the point of using cadaveric tissue is usually the availability of tissue from this source, CADAVER is usually IM. Names of animals used in the experiment or study will be IM or NIM depending upon the slant of the article. It is more often than not, NIM. Long-term skin allografts in mice SKIN ^transplantation (IM) TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS (NIM) MICE (NIM) TIME FACTORS (NIM) Antibodies in the blood of recip- ients of cadaveric kidney trans- plants ANTIBODIES (IM) KIDNEY *transplantation (IM) TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS (NIM) TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY (IM) CADAVER (IM) HUMAN (NIM) 18 Free ovarian autografts in the mouse uterus OVARY ^transplantation (IM) TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS (IM) UTERUS (IM) MICE (NIM) FEMALE (NIM) 34. HISTOCOMPATIBILITY is the degree to which a transplant is accepted or rejected by the body. Since this is indented under TRANSPLANTATION IM- MUNOLOGY in Subcategory Gl, articles on histo- compatibility will be indexed under HISTOCOMPATI- BILITY only and not also under TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY. It is usually IM. 35. The term HISTOCOMPATIBILITY TESTING also exists but here the emphasis should be on a discussion of the test or technic itself. It is usually NIM. 36. Index articles on the rejection of grafts under GRAFT REJECTION (IM) , the name of the organ with the subheading ^transplantation (IM) and the specific transplantation type (see section 29ff.) as appli- cable . 37. To prevent the rejection of transplanted organs, tissues or cells, the natural immune response of the body against the transplant must be suppressed. This is the main heading IMMUNOSUPPRESSION (E2, E5). There are various ways of suppressing immunity and these will be indexed accordingly. IMMUNOSUPPRESSION is usually IM. 38 . A popularly encountered method of immunosuppress- ion is by the use of drugs called IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS (D4). Index immunosuppressive drugs under the name of the specific drug or drug group (IM) and IMMUNOSUP- PRESSIVE AGENTS (IM). 19 The correct subheading to be attached to either or both will depend upon the slant of the article, as illustrated by the simple examples here: Immunosuppressive effects of asparaginase Note: NO IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS (IM) subheading ASPARAGINASE ^pharmacodynamics (IM) Immunosuppressive action of mitomycin on lymphocytes IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS *pharma codynamics (IM) MITOMYCIN ^pharmacodynamics (IM) LYMPHOCYTES *drug effects (IM) Immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplants IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS thera- peutic use (IM) KIDNEY ^transplantation (IM) TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS (NIM) Note: in the first example, the asparaginase has an effect (that of acting as an immunosuppressive agent) but the article is not discussing "the effects of IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS": the heading IMMUNOSUPPRESS- IVE AGENTS is not "affecting" anything. In the second example, the mitomycin has a two- fold effect: that of acting as an immunosuppressant and of "affecting" the lymphocytes. The IMMUNOSUP- PRESSIVE AGENTS this time has an "effect" because the article seems to be discussing ITS effect on lymphocytes. 20 I The transplant of whole organs seldom presents a problem for indexers since this is always indexed with the name of the organ and the subheading *trans- plantation. Indexers are concerned sometimes by the injection of cell suspensions, such as injected lymphocytes and bone marrow infusions. This is the point at which he hesitates about the correct use of ^transplantation. Since ^transplantation has been assigned to Cate- gory A, its use with cell terms is perfectly accept- able. LEUKOCYTES ^transplantation, LYMPHOCYTES ^transplantation, MAST CELLS ^transplantation are acceptable coordinations. Since both BONE MARROW and BONE MARROW CELLS are in Category A, an arbitrary decision was made to index bone marrow transfusions under BONE MARROW CELLS *transplantation, rather than under BONE MARROW "^transplantation. The question arises as to whether BLOOD TRANSFU- SION is applicable. Since it is possible to trans- fuse whole blood, erythrocytes or other formed ele- ments, the coordination of BLOOD TRANSFUSION + LYMPHO- CYTES is not impossible. The indexer will make this distinction: if the "transfer" is destined for volumetric replacement of elements (as with whole blood, plasma or erythro- cytes) , use BLOOD TRANSFUSION; if the "transfer" with regard to lymphocytes is destined to produce an antibody against lymphocytes (as in transplanta- tion immunology) or to have the lymphocytes themselves produce antibody or other immunological response, use ^transplantation. Obviously in the field of immunology, LYMPHOCYTES ^transplantation will be the more frequently used coordination. 21 IMMUNOCHEMISTRY is the chemistry of antigens and antibodies and the chemical basis of immunity and re- sistance to disease (MeSH definition)0 It will be indexed as IM only when referring to immunochemistry as a discipline or field in the usual INDEX MEDICUS approach. It is indexed usually, how- ever, as an NIM coordinate when a specific antigen or antibody heading or concept is indexed IM. Because of the specificity of MeSH headings and the equal speci- ficity of this field, IMMUNOCHEMISTRY as IM is seldom met by indexers since they are confronted more often by the need for more specific concepts. "Immunochemical methods in clinical chemistry", "Immunology in clinical chemistry" and "A micro- method for quantitative immunochemical determin- ations" are correctly indexed as IMMUNOCHEMISTRY (IM). In each of these titles, IMMUNOCHEMISTRY is indexed only as an NIM parameter of the under- lined IM concepts: "Immunochemical study of fibrin", "Immunochemical studies on human chorionic gonado- tropin", "Immunological properties of thyroid iodo- proteins." IMMUNOGENETICS, like IMMUNOCHEMISTRY above, is IM only with reference to the field. It is defined by MeSH as "the branch of genetics concerned with the interrelations of immune reactions and genetic con- stitution." When a specific genetic concept is indexed in the same article as a specific immunological concept, these will probably be IM and the term IMMUNOGENETICS will probably not appear on the Data Form at all. It may be used as an NIM coordinate to qualify an IM term when the general concept of immunogenetics is needed. 22 The following titles are correctly indexed with IMMUNOGENETICS as IM: "Genetic control of the im- mune response in mice", "Self-recognition in co- lonial marine forms and flowering plants in relation to the evolution of immunity", "Evidence for the polygenic control of the antibody response from further breeding studies" , "Genetic control of graft rejection." In these titles, IMMUNOGENETICS as IM is in- deed questionable since the required IM concepts are inherently genetic and better indexed under the specific terms: "Allotypes of light chains of rat immunoglobulins", "Strain differences in class differentiation and other properties of marrow cells", "A major histocompatibility locus in the dog", "A gene governing the female immune response to the male antigen in mice." Should indexers be required to index specific concepts and then code in addition for the general concept into which an article falls, IMMUNOGENETICS would be the perfect coding for each of the above titles. However, at the present time, such is not policy and IMMUNOGENETICS as IM in the above examples is wrong. INFLAMMATION One of the mechanisms of the body in resisting invasion is thought to be the local inflammatory re- sponse. Although the immunological function of this 23 inflammatory process is not positively known, the concept will be met in immunology journals. INFLAMMATION is the correct heading to be used in indexing the inflammatory process and its mech- anisms . As a Category C17 term, INFLAMMATION may be paired with all reasonable subheadings. When indexed to mean the inflammatory process, INFLAMMATION will almost always be IM. Headings ending in the form -itis are known medically to be inflammatory states: appendicitis, inflammation of the appendix; laryngitis, inflam- mation of the larynx. "Inflammation" here is not at issue. The heading INFLAMMATION is to be used for the pathophysiological state as a process or mechanism. When so indexed, as said above, it will undoubtedly be an IM heading. If the article, of course, dis- cusses in addition a specific organ/inflammation (APPENDICITIS, LARYNGITIS, MENINGITIS, etc.), nat- urally this will be indexed appropriately as dis- cussed by the author. The role of histamine in hypersensitivity is related to the inflammatory reaction. Too, hista- mine is released during anaphylaxis. Histamine, present in mast cells, is released when the mast cells are damaged as a result of the anaphylactic process. While HISTAMINE (D2, D12) and HISTAMINE LIBER- ATION (Gl) appear in Appendix I, the histamine lib- erator COMPOUND 48-80 (D13) and ANTIHISTAMINICS (D6) and all its indentions do not appear in the arrays in Append ix I. 24 SUBHEADINGS This section of the brochure will discuss im- munological indexing in relation to subheadings. Some information already stated in preceding pages will be repeated here, but repetition is not nec- essarily an anathema. We have restricted the discussion of subheadings primarily to those assigned to Category D. Not only do the D subheadings give the most trouble to index- ers but also main headings from this category - es- pecially from Subcategories DIO and D12 - have a very heavy use. Not all D-assigned subheadings are discussed. Those which are easy to use (^administration & dos- age, ^standards, etc.) are not included. The in- dexers can rely on the MeSH definitions, instructions in the MEDLARS Indexing Manual, Goto's Main Heading/ Subheading Combinations and plain good sense. Two subheadings not assigned to Category D - ^immunology and ^transplantation - are discussed. ^adverse effects ^adverse effects and ^toxicity are ^toxicity permitted with immunological con- *poisoning cepts in Category D but need for their use is not common. To be indexed the subheadings must refer to exogenously ad- ministered substances and must have all the normal re- quirements of the MeSH definition of Adverse effects and ^toxicity as applied to non-immunological substances. Do not use ^poisoning at all. If ^adverse effects is used correctly, the sub- heading with the disease coordinate must be ^etiology, not ^chemically induced. This is done because an im- munological substance or biologic product is not a 25 "chemical" in the MeSH or indexing sense of the word. Convulsions caused by smallpox vaccine SMALLPOX VACCINE *adverse effects (IM) CONVULSIONS *etiology (IM) not CONVULSIONS ^chemically induced *analysis This subheading is over-used by index- ers. There seems to be a reluctance to index an immunological substance in the blood (*blood being forbidden; see page 27) with- out a subheading. To clothe the nakedness the index- er then supplies ^analysis. "Adenovirus antigens" thus becomes ADENOVIRUS ^immunology and ANTIGENS ^analysis when ANTIGENS without a subheading is correct. Do not routinely index such articles under ^analysis The author should discuss the analytic method or some facet of the analysis if the indexer is to use ^analysis correctly. Obviously most observations in immunology are based on some kind of determinative (analytic) technic and it is, therefore, likely that the author will discuss it. We are merely cautioning the indexer that he should not automatically supply ^analysis to every Category D im- munological concept: ^analysis must be discussed. ^antagonists Although the MeSH definition of this 6c inhibitors subheading does not exclude endogen- ous substances, this subheading does not marry well with the main headings in Subcategory D12. Its use is forbidden with such headings as ANTIBODIES, AUTOANTIBODIES, ANTINUCLEAR FACTORS, ANTIGENS, and many others like them. Most form foolish coordinations with ^antagonists 6c in- hibitors. 26 On the other hand, some make perfectly good in- dexing and pharmacological sense: PROSTAGLANDINS ^antagonists 6c inhibitors is reasonable. If the indexer keeps in mind the usual demands of pharmacologists for coverage of the concept of drug antagonists and inhibitors, there should be no difficulty in using ^antagonists 6c inhibitors cor- rectly. In the area of immunology, however, avoid its use. Do not use ^antagonists 6c inhibitors with the main heading BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS or any of the terms indented under it. Do not use it with ANTIBODIES and all of its indentions. If its mating with a Subcategory D12 term is questionable to you or if it might confuse a non-MEDLARS person, simply do not use it. No subheading is better than a foolish or questionable one. Since most immunological substances *blood are in the blood, do not use "blood as a subheading with them. The MED- LARS Indexing Manual states general policy on the use of *blood with Catagory D terms: "Many headings in Subcategories D7 (Hematologic Agents, etc.) and D12 (Immunologic Factors, etc.) repre- sent substances or factors normally present in blood, like BLOOD COAGU- LATION FACTORS and the specific factors indented under this heading in D7, or like ABO FACTORS, ANTI- BODIES, GAMMA GLOBULIN, etc., in D12. Before using the Subheading *blood, the Analyst will interpret the signi- ficance of the blood heading he is about to use. If it falls into the 27 above concept, that of an element naturally occurring in the blood, he will bypass *blood and use, instead, another more fitting Subheading." (Section 18.8.1) You will see articles on the presence of immuno- logical substances in body fluids or at sites other than the blood. Index, then, with the appropriate subheading, being particularly cautious about using ^analysis (see page 26). This does not mean, however, that in "a compar- ison of immunoglobulins in the blood and colostrum" you will show the blood angle by using *blood with IMMUNOGLOBULINS. This article would be retrievable as IMMUNOGLOBULINS *analysis coordinated with CO- LOSTRUM "^immunology for colostrum immunoglobulins and IMMUNOGLOBULINS alone for the blood levels. The sensitivity and specifi- ed iagnos tic use city of immune responses has wide application in the diag- nosis of infection. Since this is an a priori assumption, and since the diag- nostic application takes the form of known immuno- logical or serodiagnostic procedures as given in Subcategory El, indexers are asked to forego the use of the subheading ^diagnostic use with immuno- logical headings in Category D. Do not use it. Index immunological terms from Category D in various serodiagnostic tests without a subheading and coordinate with one of the diagnostic headings from Subcategory El. 28 The subheading ^immunology is so ^immunology defined by MeSH: "Used for immuno- logic studies of tissues, organs, bacteria, viruses and fungi and their constituents; includes immunologic aspects of specific diseases but not immunologic procedures used for diagnostic, preventive, or therapeutic purposes." MeSH allows the subheading ^immunology thus to be used with Category A (organs and tissues), Cate- gory B (organisms) and Categories C and F2 (diseases for immunologic studies. Each time the subheading ^immunology is used, a heading from among the immunological terms in MeSH should be indexed as a coordinate. If the heading to which ^immunology is attached is IM, the coordin- ate will also probably be IM. Antibody formation in rheumatism ANTIBODY FORMATION (IM) RHEUMATISM ^immunology (IM) Splenic autoantibodies SPLEEN ^immunology (IM) AUTOANTIBODIE S (IM) Adenovirus antigens ADENOVIRUS ^immunology (IM) VIRUS ANTIGENS (IM) Complement in viral diseases COMPLEMENT (IM) VIRUS DISEASES ^immunology (IM) 29 For an extended discussion on the use of *im- munology with animal headings, see page 15. Do not use the subheading ^immunology for "immunologic procedures used for diagnostic, pre- ventive or therapeutic purposes," the MeSH def- inition quoted above states. Instead, use the subheadings ^diagnosis, *pre- vention 6c control or *therapy as applicable to the text. Hemagglutination inhibition test in the diagnosis of rubella HEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION TESTS (IM) RUBELLA *diagnosis (IM) not RUBELLA *immunology Smallpox vaccination SMALLPOX ^prevention 6c control (IM) VACCINATION (IM) ^isolation 6c Like ^analysis above, this is not purification supplied routinely in indexing merely to fill a void and ease an uncomfortable indexer. The author must discuss the method of isolating or puri- fying the substance or organism if this subheading is to be used correctly. *pharmaco- The subheading ^pharmacodynamics dynamics is permitted with biological prod- ucts and immunological substances but only under the conditions of the MeSH definition of ^pharmacodynamics. 30 ^pharmacodynamics is permitted when the immune serum, antiserum or other biological substance is administered exogenously, and the article discusses its effect on organ or tissue morphology or func- tion or metabolism, on physiological processes, on organisms - if likely - etc. Do NOT, however, use the coordinate subheading *drug effects. Effect of phytoagglutinins on leukocytes PLANT AGGLUTININS *pharmaco- dynamics (IM) LEUKOCYTES (IM) not LEUKOCYTES *drug effects Avoiding *drug effects in such cases is consist- ent with the avoiding of *drug therapy with reference to biologicals as mentioned under ^therapeutic use below, illustrated on page 32. Note also that a disease state induced by a bio- logical product is not to be indexed with the subhead- ing ^chemically induced (use instead ^etiology): a biological product or immunological component is not a "drug" or "chemical" in the MeSH and indexing mean- ing of the words. See section 50, pages 25 and 26. ^radiation effects This subheading is permitted with Category D immunologica concepts. In indexing with this subheading, however, remember to follow the Index- ing Manual rules on RADIATION EFFECTS, 12.3.10.4.1, 18.32 et passim. *therapeutic use The subheading ^therapeutic use is valid with immunolog- ical agents but care should be exercised in distinguishing between therapy and pre- vention. Too, there is the matter of the correct sub- 31 heading with the disease term. This is discussed in sections 10 and 11 and illustrated on page 9. Briefly, if an immunological agent is used to prevent a disease, use NO subheading with it but use ^prevention 6c control with the disease. If an immunological substance is used to treat a disease, use ^therapeutic use with it but use *therapy with the disease, NOT *drug therapy. Avoid *drug therapy with reference to treatment by biologicals: TETANUS *therapy (IM) TETANUS ANTITOXIN ^therapeutic use (IM) not TETANUS *drug therapy TETANUS ANTITOXIN ^therapeutic use Do not use ^therapeutic use with a vaccine admin- istered to prevent a disease: MEASLES ^prevention 6c control (IM) VACCINATION (IM) MEASLES VACCINE (IM) not MEASLES VACCINE ^therapeutic use ^therapeutic use is permitted with the specific vaccine headings (SMALLPOX VACCINE, POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, BACTERIAL VACCINES, FUNGAL VACCINES, etc.) when the vaccine is administered therapeutically. The analyst will make the judgment on the basis of the author's text. VACCINES ^therapeutic use, however, even if cor- rect in intent, is an invalid combination which should be correctly indexed as VACCINE THERAPY. This will be used only for general articles on vaccine therapy or for articles in which the specific vaccine is not mentioned. 32 ^transplantation The literature on transplant- ation has grown to enormous proportions of late and with it must grow the literature on transplantation immun- ology. This is discussed as a field, as a concept, and as an immune process of the body at length on pages 17-23. ^transplantation may be used only with Category A headings, but it is correct for indexing articles on the transplant of whole organs or segments of or- gans, of tissues or of cells. Index the Category A term with the subheading ^transplantation (IM) and the specific type of trans- plantation (TRANSPLANTATION, HETEROLOGOUS; TRANS- PLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS; TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). For IM or NIM see sections 29-32. The main headings ANTIGENS, ANTIBODIES and IMMUNE SERUMS are used very often by indexers. There is hard- ly an article in the field of immunology for which an indexer does not provide one of these three main head- ings on the Data Form among the indexing terms. Although all three are terms in Subcategory D12, they do not pair comfortably with most of the subhead- ings available for Category D drugs and chemicals from other subcategories. The subheading restrictions listed below are meant for use only with reference to the three headings ANTI- GENS ANTIBODIES and IMMUNE SERUMS themselves as words, not as concepts. Other antigen, antibody and immune serum terms indented under each of these respectively, may or may not be paired under the same restrictions. The indexer will have to judge for himself the sensi- bleness or reasonableness of a proposed pair. When the words ANTIGENS, ANTIBODIES and IMMUNE SERUMS are used as NIM coordinates to qualify an in- dexed concept, a subheading is not used at all. In 33 fact, IMMUNE SERUMS as discussed in section 22, sug- gests that very often it should not even appear on the Data Form! It states further that if it figures in the article routinely as merely the source of the antibody, NO subheading is used. The list of subheadings below refers to the pair- ing of ANTIGENS, ANTIBODIES and IMMUNE SERUMS with a subheading when any of these headings is IM. Only the following subheadings are permitted with ANTIGENS: ^administration 6c dosage ^adverse effects ^analysis ^cerebrospinal fluid (use discreetly) *classification ^isolation 6c purification ^radiation effects ^standards ^toxicity (use with discretion) *urine (use with discretion) ANTIBODIES: ^administration 6c dosage (use with ^analysis (discretion) ^cerebrospinal fluid "^classification ^isolation 6c purification *urine Note: "antibody biosynthesis = ANTI- BODY FORMATION IMMUNE SERUMS: ^administration 6c dosage ^adverse effects *analysis ^cerebrospinal fluid (use discreetly) *classification ^history ^isolation 6c purification ^pharmacodynamics ^radiation effects ^standards ^supply 6c distribution ^toxicity (use with discretion) *urine (use with discretion) Note: IMMUNE SERUMS diagnostic use = SERODIAGNOSIS and IMMUNE SERUMS ^therapeutic use = SERO- THERAPY Although ^classification is permitted, it is not a common need. Although ^history is permitted with IMMUNE SERUMS, possibly SEROLOGY ^history will be more appropriate. Although ^analysis and ^isolation 6c purification are listed above under all three headings, use with caution, following the true MeSH definitions and in- tent as discussed on pages 26 and 30. Although "^adverse effects with its related sub- heading -toxicity and although ^pharmacodynamics are permitted, these subheadings must meet the MeSH def- inition. See the discussion on pages 25 and 30. 35 REFERENCES As in all indexing, the best reference is the article itself and the word of the author. Obtain from the article the maximum amount of information to be described in terms of MEDICAL SUBJECT HEAD- INGS. The following is a list of additional useful reference works for the indexing of immunology. 1. Boyd, W.C. Fundamentals of Immunology. 4th ed. New York, Interscience Publishers, 1966 2. Burnet, F.M. Cellular Immunology. Melbourne, University Press, 1969 3. Gell, P.G. 6c Coombs, R.R. Clinical Aspects of Immunology. 2d ed. Philadelphia, Davis, 1968 4. Humphrey, J.H. 6c White, R.G. Immunology for Students of Medicine. 3d ed. Philadelphia, Davis, 1970 5. Kabat, E.A. Structural Concepts in Immunology and Immunochemistry. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1967 6. Miescher, PCA. 6c Muller-Eberhard, H.J. Textbook of Immunopathology. 2 vol. New York, Grune 6c Stratton, 1968 7. Raffel, S. Immunity. 2d ed. New York, Appleton- Century-Crofts, 1961 8. Williams, C.A. 6c Chase, M.W., eds0 Methods in Immunology and Immunochemistry. 3 vol. New York, Academic Press, 1967-1971 36 APPENDIX I MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS 1973 The arrays that follow give the 1973 MeSH coverage in the field of immunology. The head- ings are grouped by the same categorization into which MeSH is divided, but the indentions here are able to show finer hierarchical distinctions than do the categorized lists or the MeSH tree structures, since this brochure is not restricted by computer limitations. Note that Provisional Headings (terms avail- able for search but not appearing in the printed monthly or cumulated INDEX MEDICUS) are indicated as (Prov). 37 Category A Here are terms from the anatomical category in MeSH, Category A, which are involved in the immune processes of the body. RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM (A10) LYMPHATIC SYSTEM (A7) ANTIBODY PRODUCING CELLS (All) LYMPHOCYTES (All) PLASMA CELLS (All) LYMPH (A7) CHYLE (A7) LYMPHOID TISSUE (A10) ADENOIDS (A3, A4) BURSA OF FABRICIUS (A13) LYMPH NODES (A7) SPLEEN (A7) THYMUS GLAND (A7) TONSIL (A3) THORACIC DUCT (A7) [RES cells] MACROPHAGES (All) HISTIOCYTES (All) MAST CELLS (All) Note: RES cells is not a MeSH term; it is used here to group three cells terms. 38 Subcategory C9 BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA HEAVY CHAIN DISEASE HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA HYPOPROTEINEMIA MACROGLOBULINEMIA PURPURA, HYPERGLOBULINEMIC THYMUS HYPERPLASIA 39 Subcategory C14 IMMUNOLOGIC DISEASES AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC, AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, ALLERGIC BLOOD GROUP INCOMPATIBILITY ERYTHROBLASTOSIS, FETAL HOMOLOGOUS WASTING DISEASE HYPERSENSITIVITY DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY DERMATITIS MEDICAMENTOSA FOOD HYPERSENSITIVITY HYPERSENSITIVITY, DELAYED DERMATITIS, CONTACT POISON IVY DERMATITIS HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE ANAPHYLAXIS DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY DERMATITIS MEDICAMENTOSA INSECT BITES AND STINGS SERUM SICKNESS ANGIONEUROTIC EDEMA ARTHUS PHENOMENON DERMATITIS, ATOPIC RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY ASTHMA HAY FEVER URTICARIA PHOTOSENSITIZATION SHWARTZMAN PHENOMENON WISSLER'S SYNDROME IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASE (Prov) IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA CHEDIAK-HIGASHI SYNDROME LYMPHOPENIA PHAGOCYTE BACTERICIDAL DYSFUNCTION 40 Subcategory DIO BLOOD PROTEINS BENCE JONES PROTEINS C-REACTIVE PROTEIN COMPLEMENT OPSONINS SERUM ALBUMIN SERUM ALBUMIN, BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN, RADIO-IODINATED SERUM GLOBULINS ALPHA GLOBULIN CERULOPLASMIN HAPTOGLOBINS BETA GLOBULIN HEMOPEXIN (Prov) PROPERDIN FETAL GLOBULINS GAMMA GLOBULIN GAMMA GLOBULIN, 7S GAMMA GLOBULIN, 19S IMMUNOGLOBULINS CRYOGLOBULINS IGA IGD IGE IGG IGM MACROGLOBULINS MYELOMA PROTEINS PERMEABILITY GLOBULINS 41 ANTIGENS (D12) ANTIGENS ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEX ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS ANTIGENS, HETEROGENETIC BACTERIAL ANTIGENS HAPTENS HEMAGGLUTININS, VIRAL HISTOPLASMIN ISOANTIGENS ABO FACTORS RH FACTORS LEPROMIN NEOPLASM ANTIGENS POLYSACCHARIDES, BACTERIAL TOXINS AGGRESSIN (Prov) BOTULINUM TOXIN DIPHTHERIA TOXIN ENDOTOXINS TOXOHORMONE (Prov) LEUKOCIDIN TETANUS TOXIN TETRODOTOXIN VENOMS TOXOIDS DIPHTHERIA TOXOID STAPHYLOCOCCAL TOXOID TETANUS TOXOID TRICHOPHYTIN TUBERCULIN VIRUS ANTIGENS AUSTRALIA ANTIGEN (B4 on 42 ANTIBODIES (D12) ANTIBODIES ANTI-ANTIBODIES ANTIBODIES, HETEROTYPIC ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEX ANTITOXINS ANTIVENINS BOTULINUM ANTITOXIN (Prov) DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN TETANUS ANTITOXIN AUTOANTIBODIES ANTINUCLEAR FACTORS IMMUNE SERUMS ANTILYMPHOCYTE SERUM ANTIRETICULAR CYTOTOXIC SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULINS IGA IGD IGE IGG IGM INSULIN ANTIBODIES ISOANTIBODIES OPSONINS PRECIPITINS REAGINS 43 Subcategory D12 Here are miscellaneous immunological factors other than those antigens and antibodies arrayed separately on the two preceding pages. ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC FREUND'S ADJUVANT ALLERGENS POLLEN COMPLEMENT (DIO, D12) HEMOLYSINS LYSOLECITHIN STREPTOLYSIN ANTISTREPTOLYSIN HISTAMINE INTERFERON PLANT AGGLUTININS PROPERDIN (DIO, D12) PYROGENS RHEUMATOID FACTOR SRS-A VACCINES (see also page 47) BACTERIAL VACCINES BRUCELLA VACCINE CHOLERA VACCINE PERTUSSIS VACCINE PLAGUE VACCINE STAPHYLOCOCCAL VACCINES TUBERCULOSIS VACCINES BCG VACCINATION (E2 only) TYPHOID-PARATYPHOID VACCINES FUNGAL VACCINES VIRAL VACCINES INFLUENZA VACCINE MEASLES VACCINE MUMPS VACCINE POLIOVIRUS VACCINE POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, ORAL RABIES VACCINE RUBELLA VACCINE SMALLPOX VACCINE 44 Category E Below are terms from Category E, the MeSH cate- gory concerned with diagnostic, therapeutic, surgi- cal, anesthetic and analytic technics. The immunological headings in Category E fall into two natural groups, diagnostic (El) and ther- apeutic (E2) . Many many E5 (miscellaneous) terms, however, can well apply to diagnosis, and so are in- cluded here. Note that in order to complete the array under VACCINE THERAPY (E2), we have displayed the vaccine headings from Subcategory D12. They are so marked. Diagnosis IMMUNOLOGIC TECHNICS CELL MIGRATION INHIBITION HISTOCOMPATIBILITY TESTING IMMUNOASSAY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY PASSIVE TRANSFER SKIN TESTS HISTOPLASMIN LEPROMIN PASSIVE CUTANEOUS ANAPHYLAXIS TUBERCULIN TEST SKIN WINDOW TECHNIC SERODIAGNOSIS AGGLUTINATION TESTS HEMAGGLUTINATION TESTS COOMBS' TEST ANTIBODY DISSOCIATION COMPLEMENT FIXATION TESTS WASSERMANN REACTION CYTOTOXICITY TESTS, IMMUNOLOGIC HEMADSORPTION INHIBITION TESTS HEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION TESTS HEMOLYTIC PLAQUE TECHNIC 45 SERODIAGNOSIS (continued) IMMUNE ADHERENCE REACTION LATEX FIXATION TESTS NEUTRALIZATION TESTS PRECIPITIN TESTS FLOCCULATION TESTS KAHN TEST GEL DIFFUSION TESTS IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS SEROTYPING SYPHILIS SERODIAGNOSIS KAHN TEST TREPONEMA IMMOBILIZATION TEST WASSERMANN REACTION FALSE NEGATIVE REACTIONS FALSE POSITIVE REACTIONS 46 Therapy (E2) IMMUNIZATION IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE IMMUNIZATION, SECONDARY VACCINATION BCG VACCINATION SEROTHERAPY VACCINE THERAPY BACTERIAL VACCINES (D12) BRUCELLA VACCINE (D12) CHOLERA VACCINE (D12) PERTUSSIS VACCINE (D12) PLAGUE VACCINE (D12) STAPHYLOCOCCAL VACCINES (D12) TUBERCULOSIS VACCINES (D12) BCG VACCINATION TYPHOID-PARATYPHOID VACCINES (D12) FUNGAL VACCINES (D12) VIRAL VACCINES (D12) INFLUENZA VACCINE (D12) MEASLES VACCINE (D12) MUMPS VACCINE (D12) POLIOVIRUS VACCINE (D12) POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, ORAL (D12) RABIES VACCINE (D12) RUBELLA VACCINE (D12) (Prov) SMALLPOX VACCINE (D12) IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS (D4) AZASERINE (D3, D4) AZATHIOPRINE (D4) MERCAPTOPURINE(D2, D4) METHOTREXATE (D4) THIOGUANINE (D4) LYMPHOCYTE DEPLETION 47 Subcategory Gl This subcategory contains all the physiological concepts in MeSH. Thus, all of the terms related to the immune processes of the body fall naturally into this subcategory. The last two terms are in Subcategory Gl as specialty concepts. IMMUNITY ANTIBODY FORMATION IMMUNOLOGIC MEMORY ANTIBODY SPECIFICITY ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS AGGLUTINATION HEMAGGLUTINATION HEMADSORPTION CROSS-REACTIONS HEMOLYSIS PASSIVE CUTANEOUS ANAPHYLAXIS BLOOD BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY BLOOD GROUPS ABO FACTORS (D12 only) LEWIS BLOOD-GROUP SYSTEM (Prov) RH FACTORS (D12 only) HISTAMINE LIBERATION IMMUNITY, ACTIVE IMMUNITY, CELLULAR IMMUNITY, PASSIVE PASSIVE TRANSFER (E5 only) IMMUNOSUPPRESSION (E2, E5) IMMUNE TOLERANCE RADIATION CHIMERA LYMPHOCYTE DEPLETION LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION ORGAN SPECIFICITY PHAGOCYTOSIS SPECIES SPECIFICITY TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY GRAFT VS HOST REACTION GRAFT REJECTION HISTOCOMPATIBILITY IMMUNOCHEMISTRY IMMUNOGENETICS 48 APPENDIX II Journals Covering Immunology Indexed in INDEX MEDICUS This is a list of journals covering the field of immunology in INDEX MEDICUS. Select titles have been extracted from the Subject Listing of the LIST OF JOURNALS INDEXED IN INDEX MEDICUS (LJI) from un- der the entries "Communicable Diseases", "Hematol- ogy", "Hypersensitivity" and "Immunology". The list of journals here will be of greater value to searchers and users of MEDLARS products than to indexers. For this reason, we are citing for each journal title, the journal title code (JTC) which is used for searching the MEDLARS magnetic tapes for specific journals. 49 I Note: Distinguish between 0 (the lette Journal Title ACTA ALLERGOLOGICA (Kobenhavn) ACTA HAEMATOLOGICA (Basel) ACTA HAEMATOLOGICA JAPONICA (Kyoto) ACTA PATHOLOGICA et MICROBIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA; SECTION B: MICRO- BIOLOGY and IMMUNOLOGY (Kobenhavn) ADVANCES in IMMUNOLOGY (New York) ALERGIA; REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA de ALLERGOLOGIA (Mexico) ALLERGIE und ASTHMAFORSCHUNG (Leipzig) ALLERGIE und IMMUNOLOGIE (Leipzig) AMERICAN JOURNAL of EPIDEMIOLOGY (Baltimore) ANNALES de I'INSTITUT PASTEUR (Paris) ) and 0 (zero) in JTC codes Abbreviation Acta Allergol (Kbh) Acta Haematol (Basel) Acta Haematol Jap Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [B] Adv Immunol Alergia Allerg Asthmaforsch Allerg Immunol (Leipz) Am J Epidemiol Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) Journal Title ANNALES de I'INSTITUT PASTEUR de LILLE ANNALS of ALLERGY (St. Paul) ANTONIE van LEEUWENHOEK; JOURNAL of MICROBIOLOGY and SEROLOGY (Amsterdam) ARBEITEN aus dem PAUL-EHRLICH-INSTITUT, dem GEORG-SPEYER-HAUS und dem FERDI- NAND -BLUM- INSTITUT zu FRANKFURT a.M. (Stuttgart) ARCHIVUM IMMUNOLOGIAE et THERAPIAE un EXPERIMENTALIS (Warszawa) h-1 BIBLIOTHECA HAEMATOLOGICA; Supplementa ad ACTA HAEMATOLOGICA (Basel) BLOOD; JOURNAL of HEMATOLOGY (New York) BLUT (Munchen) BOLLETTINO dell'ISTITUTO SIERO- TERAPICO MILANESE BRITISH JOURNAL of HAEMATOLOGY (Oxford) CELL and TISSUE KINETICS (Oxford) CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY (New York) Abbreviation JTC Ann Inst Pasteur Lille 59K Ann Allergy 4XC Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 6JE Arb Paul Ehrlich Inst 6LU Arch Immunol Ther Exp 790 (Warsz) Bibl Haematol 9SW Blood A8G Blut A8W Boll 1st Sieroter Milan AKG Br J Haematol AXC Cell Tissue Kinet CQA Cell Immunol CQ9 f Journal Title CESKOSLOVENSKA EPIDEMIOLOGIE, MIKROBIOLOGIE, IMUNOLOGIE (Praha) CLINICAL and EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY (Oxford) CURRENT TOPICS in MICROBIOLOGY and IMMUNOLOGY (Berlin) EUROPEAN JOURNAL of IMMUNOLOGY (Weinhe FOLIA ALLERGOLOGICA (Roma) FOLIA HAEMATOLOGICA (Leipzig) GIORNALE di BATTERIOLOGIA, VIROLOGIA ed IMMUNOLOGIA (Torino) GIORNALE di MALATTIE INFETTIVE e PARASSITARIE (Torino) HAEMATOLOGIA; INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY of HAEMATOLOGY (Budapest) HAEMATOLOGICA (Pavia) HAEMATOLOGICA LATINA (Milano) HAEMATOLOGIE und BLUTTRANSFUSION; Sonderbaende zu BLUT (Munchen) Abbreviation JTC Cesk Epidemiol Mikrobiol CSH Imunol Clin Exp Immunol DD7 Curr Top Microbiol Immunol DWQ ) Eur J Immunol EN5 Folia Allergol (Roma) EXX Folia Haematol (Leipz) F0F G Batteriol Virol Immunol FA5 G Mai Infett Parassit FD7 Haematologia (Budap) FY5 Haematologica (Pavia) FYB Haematol Lat FY1 Haematol Bluttransfus FXV < Journal Title IMMUNOCHEMISTRY (Oxford) IMMUNOLOGY (Oxford) INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES of ALLERGY and APPLIED IMMUNOLOGY (Basel) JAPANESE JOURNAL of ALLERGY (Tokyo) JOURNAL of ALLERGY and CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (St. Louis) JOURNAL of ASTHMA RESEARCH (Baltimore) lh JOURNAL of EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE w (New York) JOURNAL of HYGIENE, EPIDEMIOLOGY, MICRO- BIOLOGY and IMMUNOLOGY (Praha) JOURNAL of IMMUNOLOGY (New York) JOURNAL of INFECTIOUS DISEASES (Chicago) JOURNAL of the JAPANESE ASSOCIATION for INFECTIOUS DISEASES (Tokyo) JOURNAL of the RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SOCIETY (New York) Abbreviation JTC Immunochemistry GH2 Immunology GH7 Int Arch Allergy Appl GP9 Immunol Jap J Allergy KHJ J Allergy Clin Immunol H53 J Asthma Res HGG J Exp Med I2V J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol IEV Immunol (Praha) J Immunol IFB J Infect Dis IH3 J Jap Assoc Infect Dis IJR J Reticuloendothel Soc JWV ( Journal Title LYMPHOLOGY (Stuttgart) NOUVELLE REVUE FRANCAISE d ' HEMATOLOGIE (Paris) PROBLEMY GEMATOLOGII i PERELIVANIIA KROVI (Moskva) PROGRESS in ALLERGY (Basel) PROGRESS in HEMATOLOGY (New York) PROGRESS in IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZA- TION (Basel) REVIEW of ALLERGY (Boston) REVUE FRANCAISE d'ALLERGOLOGIE (Paris) REVUE FRANCAISE de TRANSFUSION (Paris) REVUE d'IMMUNOLOGIE (Paris) RIVISTA di EMOTERAPIA ed IMMUNOEMATO- LOGIA (Pavia) RIVISTA dell'ISTITUTO SIEROTERAPICO ITALIANO (Napoli) SANGRE (Barcelona) Abbreviation JTC Lymphology LA3 Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 065 Probl Gematol Pereliv POY Krovi Prog Allergy PZS Prog Hematol Q18 Prog Immunobiol Stand Q1E Rev Allergy R9D Rev Fr Allergol RYP Rev Fr Transfus S1E Rev Immunol (Paris) S7L Riv Emoter Immunoematol TJ5 Riv 1st Sieroter Ital TKH Sangre (Bare) U93 SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL of HAEMATOLOGY (Kobenhavn) SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL of INFECTIOUS DISEASES (Stockholm) SEMINARS in HEMATOLOGY (New York) SERIES HAEMATOLOGICA (Kobenhavn) TRANSFUSION (Philadelphia) TRANSPLANTATION (Baltimore) TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS (New York) TRANSPLANTATION REVIEWS (Kobenhavn) VOX SANGUINIS (Basel) ZEITSCHRIFT fur IMMUNITAETSFORSCHUNG, EXPERIMENTELLE und KLINISCHE IM- MUNOLOGIE (Stuttgart) ZEITSCHRIFT fur MEDIZINISCHE MIKRO- BIOLOGIE und IMMUNOLOGIE (Berlin) ZENTRALBLATT fur BAKTERIOLOGIE, PARA- SITENKUNDE, INFEKTIONSKRANKHEITEN und HYGIENE; ERSTE ABTEILUNG: ORI- GINALE (Stuttgart) ZHURNAL MIKROBIOLOGII, EPIDEMIOLOGII i IMMUNOBIOLOGII (Moskva) Scand J Haematol UCV Scand J Infect Dis UCX Semin Hematol UN9 Ser Haematol UOA Transfusion WDN Transplantation WEJ Transplant Proc WE9 Transplant Rev WEE Vox Sang XLI Z Immunitaetsforsch XW2 Z Med Mikrobiol Immunol XXV Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig Y4Y Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Y90 Immunobiol < INDEX The numbers refer to the section in which the subject may be found. If a section number is not available on a given page, the page will be cited instead as "p." If a section number and a page number will more easily locate a subject, it will appear thus, for example: 25(p.16). MeSH headings are in capital letters: CADAVER. Subheadings appear with an asterisk: ^immunology. ^adverse effects 13, 14, 50, 71 allergy p.l ^analysis 51, 53, 70 animal source of biological matter 25, 26 ^antagonists 6c inhibitors 52 ANTI-ANTIBODIES 21 ANTIBODIES 20 categorized list p.43 subheading restrictions 61-64, 66, 68-71 ANTIGENS 19 categorized list p.42 subheading restrictions 61-63, 65, 68-71 ANTIHISTAMINICS 49 autoimmune disease p.l, p.40 bibliographic references p.36 BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS 52 biologicals as "non-drugs" 11, 14, 24, 50 *blood 53 BLOOD PROTEINS categorized list p.41 BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS categorized list p.39 BLOOD TRANSFUSION 41 BONE MARROW/BONE MARROW CELLS 40 CADAVER and cadaveric organs 33 Category A immunology headings p.38 Category C9 immunology headings p.39 Category C14 immunology headings p.40 Category D immunology headings p.41-44 Category D10 immunology headings p.41 56 i Category D12 immunology headings p042-44 Category E immunology headings p.45-46 Category G immunology headings p.48 ^chemically induced 13, 50, 57 *classification 68 cytotoxic effects 23 ^diagnosis 18, 55 diagnostic headings in immunology p.45-46 ^diagnostic use 54 disease prevention p.32 disease treatment p.32 *drug effects prohibited 57 *drug therapy prohibited 11y 59(p.32) ^etiology vs *chemica lly induced 13 Glossary p.56 graft rejection 36, 37 HEMATOLOGY definition p.l HISTAMINE 49 HISTAMINE LIBERATION 49 HISTOCOMPATILIBITY 34 HISTOCOMPATIBILITY TESTING 35 -history with IMMUNE SERUMS 69 horse serum 26 (p.16) hypersensitivity p. 1 IM p.4 IMMUNE SERUMS as NIM 22 as source of antibody 22 intelligent use 22 subheading restrictions 61-71 toxic effects 23 with ^toxicity 24 IMMUNITY as IM 2 definition p.2 categorized list 6c indentions 48 Indexing Manual citation 2 sample titles p„3 57 i IMMUNIZATION as IM 3, 4 definition p.3 categorized list 6c indentions p.47 sample titles p.3 IMMUNOCHEMISTRY as IM 42, 43 sample titles 42, 43 IMMUNOGENETICS as IM 44, 45, p.23 sample titles p.23 IMMUNOLOGIC DISEASES categorized list p.40 IMMUNOLOGIC TECHNICS categorized list p.45-46 IMMUNOLOGY as IM 1 as specialty 1 definition p.l Indexing Manual citation 1 sample titles p.2 scope p.l ^immunology 5, 12, 19, 20, 23, 26, 55 IMMUNOSUPPRESSION 37, p.47 IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS 38, 39 categorized list p.47 INFLAMMATION p.23, 45, 47, 48 ^isolation 6c purification 56, 70 -ITIS 48 journals in immunology p.49-55 LJI immunology coverage p.49-55 NIM p.4 ^pharmacodynamics 39, 57, 71 pig insulin 25, p.16 ^poisoning 50 prevention of disease p.32 ^prevention 6c control 4-6, 8, 10, 13, 14, 55 RABIES 11(p.9) ^radiation effects 58 58 ( I references p.36 rheuma tology p.1 SERODIAGNOSIS 15-18, 67 serodiagnostic headings categorized list p.45-46 serodiagnostic procedures using immune serums 22 serology p.l, 15 SEROLOGY p.3 SEROTHERAPY 67 categorized list p.47 sheep erythrocytes 25, p016 smallpox 8, 14, 50 snake venom 25 specificity of indexing p.4 subheadings p.25-35 therapeutic headings in immunology p.47 ^therapeutic use 59, p.32 ^therapy 11 ^toxicity 24, 50, 71 TOXINS categorized list p.42 TOXOIDS categorized list p.42 TRANSPLANATION as IM 32 coordinates 29 ^transplantation 28, 29, 40, 41, 60 TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS 29, 31, 33(p.19), 60 TRANSPLANTATION, HETEROLOGOUS 29, 31, 60 TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS 29, 30, 33, 60 TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY p. 17-21, 27, 33, 34, treatment of disease p.32 VACCINATION ^adverse effects 13, 14 as IM 6, 7, 8 Indexing Manual citation 5 vs VACCINES 5, 8, 9(p.8), 12, p.32 VACCINE THERAPY 11, p.32 categorized list p.47 VACCINES 5, p.32 ^adverse effects 14 categorized list p.44 general vaccine headings 12 to prevent disease 10 to treat disease 11 vs VACCINATION 5, 8, 9(p.8), 12, p.32 59 < \ MEDICINE NATIONAI liBKAFi OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE ATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICU o 3 0. , " vw^rJ X 5 / - VftiW-v X 3NOia3w jo Aavaan tvnouvn jnidiojw jo Aavaan ivnouv Aavaan ivnouvn 3noig.3w jo Aavaan ivnouvn 3Nioia3w jo Aavaan ivnouvn 3nidio3w jo Aavaan ivnouvn I X^k I M^ I X^Sk I rM^\ 1 x^sk I r4P\ ! 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