H V   hree Years  of Work '"'
3011  >r Handicapped  Men

         Report of the Activities of the
       Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men
.,'><
By John Culbert Faries, Ph.D. 
HV 3011 F224t 1920

03020690R
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   NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE
ARMY MEDICAL LIBRARY
       FOUNDED 1836
WASHINGTON. D.C
PROPERTY OF THE
NATIONAL
LIBRARY OF
 MEDICINE
^
NATIONAL
LIBRARY OF
MEDICINE
NLM050208844 
 
 
    Three Years  of  Work
    for  Handicapped  Men

     A Report of the Activities of the
Institute  for  Crippled  and Disabled Men

       By John  Culbert Faries, Ph.D.
       Published at the Institute
i o i East Twenty-third Street, New York City
            July, 1920 
ft Y\ V\ € *J.
 YW
"ion 
Information About the Institute
  The Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men, for-
merly under the American  Red Cross, is located at
Twenty-third Street and Fourth Avenue, New York
City.
  Its purpose is, primarily, to help men who, through
the loss of one or more limbs  or the  impairment of
their use, find difficulty in earning their living.  It does
not undertake medical or surgical treatment.
  As means appropriate to its aim it maintains a shop
for the manufacture of artificial limbs and appliances,
a training school for giving instruction in a variety of
trades, and an employment bureau for finding suitable
occupations for handicapped men.
  It seeks to cooperate with any individual, institu-
tion, or social agency that  is interested in a person
whom it may help, and to avoid  the duplication of
social effort.
  Its services are free except that  a charge is made
for artificial appliances representing as near as possible
their actual cost.
  It has  no residential or  boarding facilities,  but
assists, when necessary, in finding suitable accommo-
dations for men from out of the city.
  It invites correspondence in  regard  to any case in
which  its experience affords it ground  for advice.
Facts it needs to know in forming an opinion include
the person's age, schooling, former occupation, tastes,
and  the nature and extent of his disability.  In case
[3] 
THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
of an amputation, the limb amputated (right or left)
and the point of amputation should be stated.
  The Institute is open each week day from nine until
five, except on Saturday when it closes at noon. Cor-
respondence should be addressed to 101 East Twenty-
third Street.  The telephone number is Gramercy 1467.
  The Institute was  incorporated January 13, 1920,
and is directed by a board of trustees.

                BOARD OF TRUSTEES
             Samuel M. Greer, President
             Douglas C. McMurtrie, Secretary
             Jeremiah Milbank, Treasurer
Mrs. August Belmont         Walter E.  Hope
Mrs. Arthur Scott Burden     Miss Ethel L. McLean
C. G. Du Bois                George Murnane
W. J. Hiss                   Miss Florence  S. Sullivan
                 Arthur Woods
i4] 
          FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN


                  Introduction

  It is a matter of historical observation that ques-
tions of social injustice lie dormant as regards public
attention until some circumstance or combination of
circumstances serves to focus on them the thought and
sympathy of the community, with consequent action
looking toward improvement.
  The last five years can properly be regarded as the
period of renaissance  in our relations to the crippled
and disabled.  For years the physically handicapped
have been neglected, and but a few persons have been
interested enough to champion their cause.   The in-
fluence of the war, however, in conjunction with the
general shortage of productive  man power, focused
attention in a dramatic way on the needs and also on
the possibilities of the disabled man.
  In the progress made in our own country at least, the
organization whose three years of work is reported
upon  in the present booklet played  the  pioneer role.
  My own  analysis of the accomplishments of the
Institute for  Crippled and Disabled  Men  since its
establishment  points  to two results as of primary
importance:  first,  the  demonstration that civilian
cripples of many types and in varying depths of de-
spondency could be regenerated economically; second,
'the telling of it', that is, preaching  the  gospel of re-
habilitation  to others.  But it is  an  encouraging
beginning only which has  been  made and there is
opportunity ahead for much greater service in these
and other directions.
[5] 
THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
  Because it bears on  the authoritativeness of the
chronicle which follows, I must record that its author,
John Culbert Faries, the present director of the Insti-
tute, has been on the staff of the organization since its
inception.  From the beginning he had full charge of
what was technically known as 'vocational counsel',but
which actually consisted of  forming personal relations
with the disabled men, solving difficulties, gaining con-
fidence, building character.  The success the Institute
has attained in this important field must be  credited
wholly to  the patience and  devotion of Dr. Faries.
  Then we must not forget that the beginnings of the
Institute  were  made possible by the foresight  and
support of one citizen, Jeremiah Milbank.  As I look
back over the history of the  organization,  I realize
that this support was more to be valued for vision,
optimism, and persistence  than  for any  measures of
material assistance.
  These men, and the members of the board of trustees
who have  joined in the work, are now looking, not on
what has  been done,  but toward  the future, seeking
out their further responsibilities and opportunities for
service. They ask—and assuredly  will receive—the
support and cooperation of all who have concern for
the economic emancipation of the disabled
  One  final word.  In no other field are the dividends
in satisfaction more sure and more generous.
                       Douglas C. McMurtrie
[-6] 
          FOR  HANDICAPPED MEN



        Three  Years of Work for

            Handicapped Men

  When thoughtful people  have faced  a human
problem for three years and have made  an  honest
effort to understand it, the presumption is that they
have  arrived at some opinions that are worth con-
sidering.  If, during that time, they have endeavored
to  familiarize  themselves with  the  experiences  of
others in a similar line of effort, a fair degree of intel-
ligence on the  subject may  be expected.  If, by ex-
perimentation,  they have developed  a technique in
dealing with the  problem, it is fair to suppose that
their  experiences  may have some value to  those who
face the same  problem.  They  may  be only  path-
finders, and their blazings few and far between, but
they at least point the way.
  The strength of this presumption and the undeniable
duty of making a  report of progress to those who have
shown a supporting interest in the lot of the man who
must  face a work-a-day  world with a physical handi-
cap justify  and demand an  account of the activities
of the Red Cross Institute for Crippled and Disabled
Men,  now  continuing  its work  as the Institute for
Crippled and Disabled Men.
  The beginnings  of any work  are not impressive
when  reduced to statistics.  This is particularly true
where  human valuations are involved.  Sheep may
be counted and wool weighed—but "how much is a
[7] 
          THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
man better than a sheep"!  A man saved from a life
of discouragement,  debasing dependency, and barren
unproductivity counts only one statistically, but who
can  measure the potentialities  of the rehabilitated
worker?  To assess  the value of the work by columns
of figures would be like weighing gold on a hay scales.
What statistical showing would be made by the story
of the  man who came from the  neurological ward of
the city hospital, a cardiac with his right side para-
lized?  In the face of the greatest discouragements he
was  taught  for over a year at  the  Institute  in  me-
chanical drafting  and loaned a weekly sum to enable
him  to live while  taking  the training.   He  is now
earning his living and demonstrating his gratitude to
the Institute by making regular trips to the director's
office to make  small payments out of his weekly wage
towards the amount loaned him  during training.
  Perhaps these considerations will justify the nature
of this report which will  be an attempt to show what
we have tried to  do and how we  have attempted to
do it,  and to acquaint  the reader with  the  infinite
variety of human factors that enter into the problem.
  The reader will be struck with  the  poverty of the
English language in appropriate terms for this  new
science—if science  it  may be called.  The Germans
have a generic term  of wide  inclusiveness.  It  is
Kriippelfiirsorge, literally 'cripple-care'.  To many the
word  'cripple'  has an  unpleasant sound and,  as
commonly used,  may  not include those with other
disabilities which  militate  against  their industrial
effectiveness.  And  it is  according to a man's ability
or inability to support himself in a work-a-day world
                        [8] 
          FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN

that he falls into the category of the effective or non-
effective,  the  productive or non-productive  unit  of
society, the self-supporting or the dependent.
  "Work  for the handicapped" is perhaps as good a
generic term as the English  language at present fur-
nishes to  include all effort looking to the fitting of a
person  to become an  independent  member of  the
community in spite of the impairment of some  of his
physical powers.
  Until the outbreak of the Great War little attention
had been  paid to the rehabilitation of those suffering
from physical injuries which  affected their  earning
capacity.   By 'rehabilitation' is meant the use of suit-
able means for rendering a disabled person again fit to
earn his living.  What some of those 'suitable means'
are will appear in the course of this report.
  Rehabilitation is something broader than vocational
education.  Training a disabled man for a congenial
occupation may be a suitable means for his restoration
to industrial activity—but so also may furnishing him
with an artificial limb, or inspiring him  to capitalize
unused powers, or placing him in a fit job.   Those
engaged in rehabilitation work must  not be too much
trammeled with the ideals of vocational  education de-
signed for preparing young people  for a  trade.  They
must be  opportunists, seizing immediately  available
means for making a man self-supporting in as short a
time as possible.  Several men  have  been transferred
from the  dependent class  to  the  self-supporting  by
a few days' instruction at the telephone  switch-board,
but no one pretends that this  is trade training.   But
[9] 
           THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK

it  is  rehabilitation, with  large  consequences  to the
spirit of the man.
  It might be well at the outset  to  delimit the field
of activity chosen by  the Institute in  its work  for
the handicapped.   The  following table  sketches  in
outline work for the physically handicapped, exclusive
of mental defectives.
            WORK  FOR  THE  HANDICAPPED
    Care for Children
        Medical and orthopedic
        Educational
        Prevocational
        Recreational
    Care for Special Classes
        Deaf and hard  of hearing
        Blind
        Cardiac
        Tuberculous
        Epileptic
    Care for Adult Orthopedic Cases
        Medical and orthopedic
        Psychological
            Encouragement
            Advice
        Prosthetic and mechanical
            Advice
            Artificial limbs
            Special helps
            Braces
        Re-educational
            Institutional training
            Placement training
            Home training
[10] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
         Maintenance
             Workmen's compensation
             Assistance during training
             Cooperation with other organizations
         Employment
             Industrial survey
             Placement in industry
             Follow-up
         Field work
             Watching the sources
             Social service
             Follow-up
             Cooperation with other organizations
         Social and recreational
    Public information
         Scientific research
         Popular appeal
         Education of employers
    Legislation
    Normal Training
         Training of workers

   The  activities undertaken to  some  extent by the
 Institute are printed in italics.  The reason for thus
 delimiting  its field of activity is to be found in the
 well-known principle of the Red Cross to confine  its
 efforts  to needy fields not covered by existing organi-
 zations.   Excellent work  has  been  done  both  by
 private organizations and the state for crippled chil-
 dren, for  the blind, for  the  deaf  and the hard  of
 h earing.   The  tuberculous are  receiving  increasing
attention  and assistance.   Cardiac cases  are not  so
well looked after.
[H] 
          THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
  The war had progressed for more than two and a
half years before the United States entered the lists
on  the  side of humanity and  justice.   During  that
time the serious reduction in the man-power of the
European nations revealed the economic necessity of
rendering as many as possible of their disabled soldiers
and sailors fit to have a share again in productive toil.
Already valuable experience had been  gained in the
rehabilitation and re-education of disabled ex-service
men.
  When America entered the war it was foreseen that
should she actively engage in military operations she
would have disabled fighters who must be fitted to en-
gage again in the pursuits of peace.  No lesser service
would discharge the country's obligation to its dis-
abled defenders.  With  its customary  foresight  the
American Red Cross addressed itself to preparation for
the inevitable task.  In less than two months after the
declaration of war with Germany a philanthropic citi-
zen came forward with a generous offer of a substantial
sum of  money  and  a suitable building  to undertake
work for crippled and disabled men.   It was a patent
fact that  such a work should be  undertaken, even
if there should never  be  a disabled soldier or sailor,
because of the  yearly toll of cripples from the indus-
tries of  the country  in peace time.
  It was thought that the best preparation  for  the
work of rehabilitating disabled soldiers  would be to
gain experience in  dealing  with  those maimed in
industry, and to disseminate a knowledge of the results
                       [12] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
of the efforts of European countries  and Canada in
dealing with the problem of the disabled ex-service
man.   Accordingly, Dr.  Edward  T. Devine,  then
director of the New York School of Philanthropy, was
asked to start the work.  During the summer of 1917
a staff of social investigators was engaged in making
case studies of men who had been crippled in industry
in New York City during the preceding two years.
The records of hospitals and of the Workmen's Com-
pensation Commission were searched and some 364
men visited and interrogated as to the results of their
disablement.  A brief  report of this investigation,
entitled  "The  Economic  Consequences  of Physical
Disability" was later published in pamphlet form by
the Institute.
   During the summer Dr. Devine and Mr. Douglas
C. McMurtrie made a visit to Canada for the purpose
of  studying that  government's work  for disabled
soldiers.  In August Dr.  Devine sailed  for England
and France  to make  a first hand investigation of
similar work in those countries.   When he decided to
enter Red Cross work in France, Mr.  McMurtrie was
asked to become director of the Red Cross Institute
for Crippled and Disabled Men, a position which he
filled  with great ability and without remuneration as
long as the work was under the authority and direction
of the National American Red Cross. The Institute
functioned as an activity of the Red Cross until the fall
of 1919 when, in line with the curtailment of its war
activities,  the  American Red Cross decided to turn
over the equipment of the Institute, together with the
                       [13] 
THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
sum of  $50,000, to a  board  of  trustees who  should
continue its work  as a private philanthropic institu-
tion.   In appreciation of the work done by the Institute
and the need it was designed to meet Dr.  Farrand,
director of the national organization, wrote:

  The  American  Red Cross is justly proud of the work that
has been accomplished by the Institute,  particularly in  so
far as it has helped  solve the problem of the rehabilitation
of our  crippled soldiers,  sailors,  and marines.   Indeed, I
wish to emphasize that it is our feeling  that the work  of
the Institute should  not be permitted to stop, nor will this
organization lose any of the interest which it has in the work
of the  Institute.  We do  believe, however, that  the emer-
gency of  war having passed and the United States having
set  up  its own program for the rehabilitation of cripples
disabled during the war, under the direction of the  Federal
Board for Vocational Education, the Red  Cross must  now
withdraw from further responsibility for the financial support
of the Institute.

  The withdrawal of the American  Red Cross was
made to  coincide  with  the anniversary of Armistice
Day,  November   11,  1919.   From  that  date  the
Institute has been known as the Institute  for  Crip-
pled and  Disabled  Men.  This report  covers  the
activities of the Institute to  May  1,  1920,  or prac-
tically three years, two and a half  years of which  it
was under the auspices of the American Red Cross.
  Referring again to the table on pages 10 and 11 it will
be seen that the  principal task the Institute set for itself
was the  rehabilitation of men who are suffering from
a physical disability, usually of an orthopedic nature,
that is,  an injury involving  the  amputation or  loss
[14] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
of use of some limb.  The work was not planned to
include children, the blind, the deaf, the tuberculous,
cardiacs nor epileptics.

                  MEDICAL WORK
  The Institute has not undertaken  any medical or
orthopedic work.  Men needing such  attention are
referred to suitable clinics or hospitals.  The Institute
makes grateful acknowledgement of the hearty co-
operation afforded it by the Clinic for Functional
Re-education  in examinations and treatments given
to men  referred to it by the Institute.  The value of
the work that institution is  doing in  restoring the
functions of injured members  and thus greatly assist-
ing in the rehabilitation of the  disabled  cannot be
computed.  By skilful  surgical care and  functional
re-education the handicap is reduced to the minimum.
The Institute must take the man 'as  is', and plan for
his rehabilitation  in the  condition in which  it  finds
him,  save as it may suggest and advise that  he seek
the improvement of his physical condition at the hands
of the medical profession.

                  PSYCHOLOGICAL
   The success of  efforts on the behalf of a disabled
man  depends  very largely upon the spirit of the man.
Adversity nerves some men to unwonted effort, others
it crushes.  Pluck, resourcefulness,  ingenuity,  the will
to succeed  in spite  of  a handicap, will enable  some
men  to surmount every obstacle.  But they  are the
rare ones whose achievements brighten  the dark page
of  cripple  history.   Take  the  average  industrial
                        [15] 
THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
 worker  and deprive him of the use  of  a member
 which he has looked upon as indispensable in earning
 his  livelihood, leave him to his own  gloomy fore-
 bodings and those of his  family and friends, and the
 stage is set for a long period of inactivity and depen-
 dency which will result in spiritual  loss to the man
 and economic  loss  to the community.   The descent
 to  the Avernus  of chronic dependency,  and  even
 mendicancy, is easy.  A querulous attitude of expect-
 ing special consideration because  of misfortune easily
 develops into the demand of a living from the world
 as a right.   Self-pity grows upon the  food  flung to
 the cripple  by an unthinking public that knows  no
 better  way  than a dole of alms.   The  product is to
 be found on the curbstones  of every large  city.
  There  is a better way.  It is to meet the injured
 man upon the threshold  of his  altered life with  a
 positive message  of  hope.  The  hospital  should  be
 the nursery of  new hopes and ambitions and  not a
 Bridge of Sighs.   And  the  gospelers who  seek  the
disabled  man in  the hospital must have in  their
message a positive note  born of a definite knowledge
of the  possibilities open to  the handicapped person.
This is no work for amateurs actuated by commend-
able  sympathy  but lacking a practical  knowledge of
how remaining powers can  be developed and turned to
account in the struggle for an independent life.  Here
is a  new field of effort  for  social workers requiring
infinite tact  and  patience and a  very  considerable
knowledge of the opportunities offered  in the indus-
trial world to the handicapped worker.
[16] 
          FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN

  The Institute has inaugurated  a  plan to get into
touch with the disabled worker in the hospital that
it may bring to him a message of encouragement and
hope, even before the doctors have reached the point
of medical finality.  Through its department of field
work it  has  furnished  to the principal hospitals  in
New York and  Brooklyn a  blank form upon which
to report to the Institute the essential facts concerning
any case suffering from  an injury that is  likely seri-
ously to affect his earning capacity.  The cooperation
of hospital social service departments  is invited  in
referring to the Institute any persons that might  be
benefited by the services it has to offer, either in the
matter  of advice,  training, or employment.  When
requested, a  visitor is sent to call upon  the man and
an effort is made  to enlist his cooperation in a plan
for his industrial rehabilitation. It gives new courage
to a man  to know that  an organization is devoting
itself to the problems that confront  him in his return
to a life of activity.  In some cases men are brought
to the  Institute that  they may  see how  men  with
similar  disabilities  are  being trained  in congenial
occupations.   Advice is  given as to suitable artificial
limbs and appliances  that may mitigate their con-
dition.  This work when tactfully done may give the
man new ideas of what he can do and help him form
plans which he may be able to carry out without any
further assistance on the part of the Institute.  The
idea that should be implanted in  his mind is that
he is to return  to  some  form of activity  as soon  as
possible, that there is a place in the industrial order
for every man,  no matter how great his  disability,
                        [17] 
THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
and that his own happiness depends upon his finding
it.  Such an idea firmly lodged will form an antidote
to the toxin of dependency and self-pity.
  Not long ago a man  who was  about to leave  the
hospital sat in the director's office with a field worker
and  the employment secretary.   He  had  been  a
skilled wood-worker, but the loss of both legs rendered
his return  to his former occupation impossible.  He
had no idea of what he could  do  and was filled with
foreboding  that his working days  were over  and that
he must depend for his living upon others.   When he
was  told that upon  his  return  from  the  country,
where  he was  being  sent for recuperation, without
doubt an occupation could be found for him in which
his former  skill  would count,  his face lighted up at
the prospect of remunerative toil and  as he went  out
he said, "I am very happy to know that I can be of
some use again."  The  future will not wear for him
the sinister face it did  before  he  met  people that
were  actually  finding  employment  for men  more
handicapped  than  he.   He had the advantage of
being already  a skilled worker and  only needed help
to direct that  skill into  new lines.
  Society must hedge up the slough of  despond into
which  many an injured  man,  left to his own unaided
efforts, has  stumbled.  Hospital social  service workers
with some  knowledge of  the rehabilitation  problem
can be of immense service in this  field.  One training
school for  hospital social  service has  adopted  the
policy of acquainting  its students with the  work of
the Institute by a visit  to the school.  The  Institute
is glad to give assistance to any who  are interested
                       [18] 
          FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN

in rehabilitation work.  Films descriptive of work for
the disabled will be exhibited at any time on  request
in its motion picture department and its very complete
special library is open to the public.

              PROSTHETIC APPLIANCES
  A prosthesis, or prosthetic appliance,  is a device
attached to the stump of an  amputated  limb, the
name being derived from the Greek words  signifying
'something added  to'.  By  means of ingenious arti-
ficial limbs and work devices an amputated member
may be enabled to function again to a limited degree,
depending  largely  upon the length and condition of
the stump.  In the case of the amputation of  a  leg
midway between the ankle and the knee, a  man may
wear an artificial leg with such skill as to deceive even
a close observer.  The  wearing of an  artificial limb
when the leg has been amputated through  the  thigh
is attended with greater discomfort, but obviates the
use of crutches which are a serious drawback to em-
ployment.  Many  employers will hire a man with an
artificial limb who will balk at a man on crutches.
And the continual support of the body by means of
crutches may have an unfavorable effect upon the use
of the  hands.  To get  a man  off of crutches  may,
therefore, be an important  step in his industrial re-
habilitation.   But the high  price generally  asked  for
artificial limbs has barred many men from a return to
remunerative  toil.  The man without  means to buy
an artificial leg is apt to  find himself in a vicious circle:
he  cannot  get a job  because he has no  leg,  and he
cannot afford to buy a leg because he  has  no job.
[19] 
THREE YEARS  OF  WORK
 Some charitable organizations have endeavored to pry
 a man  out of the vicious  circle by buying a leg for
 him and enabling him to pay for it in instalments.
   It was this situation that influenced the Institute
 to interest itself in the manufacture of artificial limbs
 as an aid to industrial rehabilitation. When the limb
 shop was started in  February, 1918, it was with the
 dual purpose of furnishing limbs  at practically  cost
 to needy persons and to train men in the industry.
 A small limb shop was started and  a few trainees were
 enrolled.  The  training feature has not been a con-
 spicuous success  owing  to the  difficulty  of  getting
 trainees with sufficient mechanical ability  to  become
 proficient workers, and the great  demand  for a first
 class product which can be turned  out only by highly
 skilled workmen.
  Another consideration led to the building up of a
 first class limb  shop.  The director, Mr. McMurtrie,
 was a strong advocate of a governmental  limb shop
 to  supply artificial  limbs  to disabled soldiers  and
sailors.   The best limb makers obtainable were pro-
cured, improved machinery installed, and an effective
organization built up with  the idea that the govern-
ment  might see its way clear to  take it  over  with
advantage to the  disabled ex-service man and  at a
saving to the country.  Canada has successfully oper-
ated such a government limb shop.  A sum of money
was set  aside for experimental purposes and a skilled
mechanic was commissioned under the Red Cross to
visit England,  France, and  Belgium to  study  the
methods found  to be most successful there.  A col-
lection of the prosthetic devices  found  to be most
                       [20] 
          FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN

useful in France was gathered by the American Red
Cross in Paris and placed in the Institute as  the
nucleus of a museum.
  The government, however, found difficulties in the
way of  operating  its own  limb  shop and contented
itself with a liberal patronage of the Institute  shop.
Up to  May  1,  1920,  322 artificial legs  have been
furnished to  soldiers and sailors under orders from
the Bureau of War Risk Insurance, and 218 artificial
arms, covered by American patents and manufactured
by  private makers, have been fitted to government
beneficiaries.   Besides this, 18 limbs have been fur-
nished to the United States Employees' Compensation
Commission for government employees of non-military
status.  This has represented a considerable saving to
the government as most of them have been furnished
at a lower price than that asked by commercial manu-
facturers.
  The Institute found that the purchase of shoes by
the ex-service  man often imposed a hardship as this
expense was not allowed by the government and for
a time  shoes and  stump socks were  furnished with
each artificial leg.   Two hundred pairs of shoes were
furnished by the Institute at a cost of $1,200.  That
practice has now been discontinued and the necessary
stump socks are furnished by the government.
  The advantages  of the limb shop have been reaped
by 377 civilians who  have had limbs made.  Limbs
of the most approved  type and  best material,  made
by expert workmen, are furnished practically at cost
to needy persons.  Those who cannot pay for an
artificial limb in a lump sum, and whose  chances of
[21] 
THREE YEARS  OF  WORK
 earning a livelihood would be improved by the posses-
 sion of one, can arrange for small weekly or monthly
 payments as their circumstances will allow.  In such
 cases the cost of the leg  is borne by a  special fund,
 provided by the Women's Committee, into which the
 deferred  payments are turned, thus  becoming a kind
 of revolving fund for assisting needy persons.  Grants
 in aid  have also been  made.  A specific  instance will
 show of what benefit this special fund may be.
  A lady brought to the attention  of  the Institute
 the very deserving case of a young colored man with
 whom  she  became  acquainted  during  periodical
 sojourns  in West  Virginia.   He had lost both  legs
 below the knees in a railway accident and was strug-
 gling to  make a living by doing laundry work and
 helping in the kitchens  of winter visitors.  The very
 low scale of wages prevailing in his district made the
 purchase of a pair of artificial limbs-an impossibility.
 He did most of his work  upon his knees, but when
 he performed his duties as a lay preacher he wore a
 pair of clumsy  legs made  by the village blacksmith.
 It was arranged that  he should be furnished  with a
pair of legs for  the usual price of one  and that  he
should pay for  them out of his wages at the rate of
 $5.00 a month.   In order to make it possible for him
 to come to New York to be properly fitted this lady
took him into her employ during the winter as a cook.
The joy  at  possessing a pair  of legs which enabled
 him to walk with such ease  that the  casual observer
would  not suspect that he wore artificials fairly radi-
ated from  his  countenance.    He  performs his full
duties  as a cook with  physical comfort and  is  to
                       [22] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
return to his  home in  the southland a happy and
rehabilitated man,  with a very warm  spot in his
heart for  the Red Cross and  the lady who  made it
possible for him to get the  legs.
  He fairly  put to shame a strapping big fellow who
had suffered a similar amputation and whom he saw
in the Grand Central station taking toll of the passers-
by under  the pretext of selling pencils.  This camou-
flaged beggar was surprised to be accosted by a very
sprightly  walking young colored man who expressed
sympathy with him as one who had a similar disable-
ment and exhibited his very serviceable artificial legs
and advised him to seek the same help from  the Red
Cross.  Upon  the  promise that he would  give up
panhandling and seek a self-respecting occupation the
Institute made a pair of legs for this other victim of
a railroad accident who now stands a full six feet on
his new legs after  having walked for years upon his
knees to enlist the sympathy of the public that knows
no better way to  help  than to drop its dimes and
quarters into an outstretched hat.   The Institute is
now  waiting for this second beneficiary to redeem his
promise to give up begging and to  use his artificial
legs and not his stumps for 'business purposes'.  But
he has recently been seen  in his old haunts  wearing
the old knee-pads  and  harvesting  his small  coins,
although he has perfectly good legs  at home bought
and  paid  for at the  Institute  at fifty cents on  the
dollar!
  Another erstwhile mendicant, however,  was re-
deemed from the street.   For  three years he  peddled
lead pencils because he knew of no other way of making
                        [23] 
THREE  YEARS OF  WORK
a living at the age of forty-eight and minus two feet.
The Institute made him a pair of legs at cost  and
agreed to wait for its pay until he should have a job
and begin to save something out of his wages.  He
was earnest in his desire to quit begging and accepted
a job found  for him by the employment department
at $12 a week.  Out of that slender pay in five weeks
he saved $20 towards the legs he was already wearing
with great satisfaction.  Then for a time he was laid
up with rheumatism and had to be cared for by the
city.  Now again he is working for $14 a week and
has made another payment of  $20 on his legs.  His
efforts to  support himself at self-respecting toil puts
to shame many a husky young fellow with but a single
amputation  who sells his manhood on the sidewalk
for the nickels and dimes of an  indulgent public.
  The value of an artificial appliance in making it
possible for a man to return to his former occupation
in which he  has acquired skill is shown in the case of
a man who lost a half of one foot in a shipyard.   He
could not return to his work as  a fitter because of his
injured  foot and  he was sent to the Institute by a
casualty company to be trained for a new trade.  He
received  training as a monotype caster  runner and
was found a position in that occupation.  During his
stay at the Institute he was fitted with a partial foot
which he  found  to  be  of such value to him that he
has given up his newly acquired trade and returned
to the shipyard as a layer-out at excellent wages.  To
be sure,  he  has  an alternative  occupation  which he
can take up  should occasion demand, but the artificial
appliance in the first place would have made it possible
                       [24] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
for him to return to the employ of the shipyard and
would have saved the casualty company a considerable
expense in training him for a new occupation.  How-
ever,  he expresses himself as being very grateful for
the lessons of self-help he learned at the Institute.
  In the matter of supplying artificial arms the experi-
ence of the Institute has not led it  to a very sanguine
view of  the usefulness of any artificial device as a sub-
stitute for the  human hand.  The French have been
reasonably successful in the  use of various specialized
tool-holders as substitutes for a missing hand.  But
little progress has been made in this country along this
line.  Perhaps  the reason is to be found in the fact
that the number of men losing a hand or arm is com-
paratively so small in this country  that the  necessity
of equipping them for manual trades has not been so
apparent as in  France.
  A few simple inventions of general utility have been
fitted to partial  arm amputations,  their usefulness
depending  very largely  upon the length of  the stump.
Dress arms for appearance sake have some value for
men  in certain   occupations,  particularly  clerical,
where it is desirable to  obscure evidence of disability,
but  for practical  work purposes  their advantage is
usually  offset by  the inconvenience and discomfort of
wearing them.  But the Institute has interested itself
in supplying,  in  several  instances, some  practical
device for  a definite purpose.  It was desirable that
a young man who had lost  all the fingers of his left
hand should be fitted with a  device by which he could
hold the metal rod or wire used in the process of oxy-
acetylene welding.  A special glove equipped with an
                        [25] 
THREE YEARS  OF  WORK
adjustable clip was made for him which enabled him
to qualify as a welder at which he secured a position
at good wages.  Men who have lost a left hand have
also been furnished  with appliances whereby they
could do welding.
  The Institute is always  ready  to study  a man's
need  for a  particular operation  in which  a special
device may  enable him to perform the work.  In one
instance a skilled sewing machine operator was thrown
out of a highly paid job because a disability affecting
his  legs made  it impossible for him to operate the
usual device for controlling his motor-driven machine.
The mechanical expert at the Institute contrived a
device whereby the balancing of his forearm resting
upon  a wooden splint controlled  the starting and
stopping of  his motor without  interfering  with the
function  of  his hand.  There are many  possibilities
for  the utilization of men with specific disabilities by
the adaptation of  machinery  to their use.   But the
development of this line of work will await the inter-
ested attention of manufacturers who will undertake
it, either because of a desire to help  the disabled, or
to utilize the handicapped  worker in a short  labor
market.
  The Institute has not  undertaken  to make braces
for  deformities but the advisability of so doing has
been urged upon it.  The high prices exacted in this
trade impose a hardship upon the poor.  The Institute
is considering adding a skilled brace-maker to the staff
of its limb shop as another  means towards industrial
rehabilitation.
[26] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
                 RE-EDUCATIONAL
  The training activities of the Institute did not begin
until  March, 1918, only  a little over two years ago.
It has reason  to be proud of the achievements of its
first trainee who  is now earning his  $30 a week as a
mechanical  draftsman in the employ  of one  of the
largest  manufacturers of elevators,  despite the fact
that he has  but one hand.  He was a man of twenty-
nine and some years before had lost his left arm at the
elbow while operating a circular saw.   He  had had
the disheartening experience of many another crippled
man who has again and again been refused  a chance
to show what he could do.  He had taken up sign
lettering in an evening class, but no one would employ
a one-handed sign writer, so he was employed at $10
a week as a  messenger for a firm  making blue-prints.
Mr. James Pollock, a mechanical engineer  who had
lost his left  hand some years before, was engaged as
an instructor and with his class of one  started out to
demonstrate that a man with one good hand and a
usable stump could become a draftsman.  Eventually
three  other one-handed men, who are now employed
as draftsmen,  joined  the  class and  came under the
instruction of  the one-handed engineer who showed
a genuine enthusiasm for the work.   It was necessary
for the Institute to stake the first student to the train-
ing and it proved to be money well invested, for after
he had secured a position he faithfully returned every
cent advanced him, although  his initial wage was but
$15 a week.
  Two other trainees of  the drafting class deserve
mention  as  showing what was accomplished by the
                       [27] 
THREE  YEARS OF  WORK
faithful devotion to his work of the one-armed  en-
gineer, a man who had already reached  the age at
which  most men think of retiring from  active lite.
Reference has already been made  to one  of these, a
hemiplegiac with a useless right arm, impaired loco-
motion, and cardiac  trouble.   It  seemed almost  a
hopeless task to prepare this man to earn his living
by the use of his left hand which had never done any
skilled work.  For  a  year he  stuck doggedly to his
drawing board while  the  Institute advanced him a
small weekly  stipend  for his  living expenses.   The
training which his left hand received enabled him to
take a position with a firm requiring the retouching
of negatives.  He has received  several advances in
wages and has also earned the respect and confidence
of his employer.   Each week he has laid by something
with which to return what was advanced  him by the
Institute.  He is happy in being able to earn his living
instead of becoming a helpless dependent.
  The other case deserving special mention is that of
a lad of sixteen who  lost both legs  below the  knees
and his left arm below the  elbow.   He was  fast be-
coming a mendicant, selling papers on his knees, when
a welfare organization in a neighboring state secured
funds to send him to  the  Institute.  He resumed the
use  of artificial  limbs which had  been provided for
him but which he found convenient to leave at home
when appealing  to the sympathies of the public.  He
was given a course in mechanical  drafting and after
ten  months' training was found  employment as  a
draftsman.  The moral effect of  the training received
at the Institute by this very likeable chap was of even
                       [28] 
          FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN

greater value than the skill he acquired in the use of
his  one hand.  With a severe triple  handicap that
might daunt the most courageous he can hold up his
head as a self-respecting and independent member of
society.
  During the thirteen  months  this  class was  con-
ducted nine men were trained for drafting who found
employment in that line of work.  In the readjustment
of industries requiring draftsmen at the close of the
war the call for draftsmen fell off and it was considered
wise to discontinue the class and the one-armed in-
structor found a position teaching disabled soldiers in
the reconstruction hospitals.   It  may be  that a new
demand  for draftsmen  may  make  the reopening of
the course advisable, for it  has  been demonstrated
that it is  a  suitable occupation for men of a certain
type who have one good hand and a serviceable stump
for  holding the T-square and triangle in position.

                     PRINTING
  By May, 1918, a  very complete print shop had
been installed for the purpose of giving instruction
in various branches  of  the printing  trade, but more
especially to train monotype operators who are always
in demand.  Through the generosity of the Lanston
Monotype Machine Company two keyboards and four
casting machines, with a full complement of equipment,
were loaned for the instruction of operators.  Instruc-
tion in keyboard operating has been confined to those
who had formerly followed the printing trade.   Two
soldiers were given partial instruction but their removal
to hospitals at a distance interrupted their training.
[29] 
THREE  YEARS OF  WORK
   The chief instruction has been given in the operation
of the casting machine which does not require a high
degree of mechanical skill and can be done  by men
with various disabilities.  Several men who had lost
fingers, and more who were lame, have been trained
for this  line of work.  The period of training has
varied from  five weeks  to  as many months.  The
initial wage has generally been $15 a week. The first
trainee, who had lost two fingers  of his right  hand in
a munition factory and whose remaining fingers were
stiff, is now  after less than  two years in the trade
earning $40  a week.  Positions  are found  without
difficulty for  trainees as soon as  they are competent
to take charge of a  caster.   The advanced students
are paid a small training wage when this is necessary
to their maintenance.
  Of the twenty-eight men enrolled for instruction as
caster runners, fourteen completed their training and
were placed in positions;  the rest  were either dropped
as unsuitable  or failed to turn up  for training  after
enrolment. One man found the work unsuitable and
was given training at press feeding and was for a time
employed by  the  Institute.   He has since  entered
another occupation.
  The print shop has done a large amount of printing
for the Red Cross and  the excellence of its work has
received  very  favorable comment.   The  Carry On
magazine was set up in its shop, and Thumbs Up and
other Institute publications are issued from its press.
Some outside printing is also done.
[30] 
          FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN

            MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION
  Motion picture projection has proved a  boon to a
large number of handicapped men since the class was
started  in June, 1918.  Of the  seventy-three  men
enrolled in the class, thirteen had suffered the ampu-
tation of a leg and twenty  were lame; thirteen had
some  arm disability.  Those with leg amputations
have artificial  limbs, for crutches are highly incon-
venient in a motion picture booth.  Arm injuries that
permit of at least the partial use of both hands need
not bar a man from  this work, but the loss of a hand
does.  All modern projectors are motor driven so that
tiresome cranking  is eliminated.  Twenty  men com-
pleted their training and were licensed as  operators,
and are averaging about $35 a week, some  getting as
high as  $50.   A number of  men who enrolled for
motion  picture projecting  were  found  positions  at
film examining, by which they could  support them-
selves while in training for projecting, and continued
in that employment and so did not take up projecting.
Others  were evidently afraid they could not master
the technical knowledge required for a license and
dropped out.   Then there was the usual number of
men who enroll and  never show up again.
   Most of the equipment used in instruction has been
loaned by the manufacturers of projection apparatus.
A text-book prepared by Mr. James Cameron, the
instructor, is used in  the class and men are familiarized
with the  use  of various types of apparatus.   Candi-
dates for license as operators must be at least twenty-
one  years of  age  and must pass  both a  theoretical
                       [31] 
THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
 and  practical  examination conducted by  the city
 authorities.
   Many of the men who  have taken up projection
 have supported themselves during their training by
 night work at film  examining and mending in  the
 large film  exchanges.   The figures given  above do
 not include some nine men who were enrolled for brief
 instruction in film examining and were found positions.
 Others were referred  directly to the film exchanges by
 the employment bureau and  received their  training
 on the job.
  One particularly grateful trainee is a man who was
 a painter and  was overcome by fumes while painting
 a stack and fell seventy-five  feet injuring his spine
 so that he walks with difficulty with two canes.  When
 he applied for  instruction  he  was making but $8 a
 week  at dish-washing.  It  was necessary to furnish
 him with maintenance during the first few weeks of
 his  training.   Then  he secured a night position as
 film examiner and at  once began  to  pay back the
 money advanced him for maintenance.  By  the time
 he had secured  his license he had paid back his main-
 tenance out of  his weekly earnings of $18 a week at
film examining.  He  started in projecting at  a small
wage  but  after a month or two  was  getting $25 a
week.  He came into the director's office the other
day to report how he was doing.  He had had several
increases and is now getting $35 a week.  With justi-
fiable  pride he exhibited his  savings  bank  account
showing that in about eighteen months he had accu-
 mulated $1,400.
[32] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
  Another man  had for years conducted a  news-
stand on  the  corner where the Institute is  located.
His powers of locomotion were greatly impaired many
years ago by an injury to his hips.   He took up pro-
jecting at the Institute in his  spare time, secured a
license and has doubled  his weekly  income by oper-
ating evenings.   He is now an instructor at the In-
stitute in  the practical use of the apparatus.
  Several British, Canadian, and American soldiers
have been trained for this work. Men who have been
trained at the Institute have become competent pro-
jectors in  a field in which there are a large number of
men with  insufficient  technical knowledge to  meet
the emergencies that are likely to occur in the booth.
Considering  the excellent  wages  received  by the
trainees, the comparatively low cost of instruction,
and  the constant demand  for competent operators
this  class has proved to be very successful.

                     WELDING
   In July, 1918, instruction was begun in oxy-acety-
lene welding.  A brick shop had been built adjoining
the  Institute and apparatus installed for instruction
in cutting and welding.   An acetylene generator was
also  provided.  The shop is also equipped with port-
able apparatus which is  used for jobs away from the
shop.  Where pre-heating is required it can  be done
in the shop or yard by means of charcoal or a kerosene
torch.
  The  Institute was  influenced  in selecting oxy-
acetylene welding as a suitable subject for instruction
because of the fact that a man with one good hand
                        [S3] 
THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
particularly if it be  the right, and even a makeshift
for a left capable of holding a  light metal rod, can
become a welder in  from six to twelve weeks if he
has a fair degree of intelligence.  The ability  to read
English is not essential as the training is of a practical
nature.  The process is being  rapidly  extended in
metal  industries  and  there  is  a  good  demand  for
welders at excellent wages.
  During the twenty-two months  that instruction
has been  given eighty-five men have been enrolled.
The number of those with arm disabilities was forty-
three,  of which number eleven had lost a hand and
thirteen a portion of a hand;  those with leg disabilities
numbered twenty-five, of which twelve  had suffered
an amputation.  The remaining thirteen had  various
disabilities.   Twenty-nine  completed  their  training
and were  placed in welding jobs; of this number six-
teen had  arm disabilities, seven leg disabilities  and
six miscellaneous disabilities.  Others have probably
taken welding jobs but have not reported the fact to
the Institute, although all who received instruction
were requested to do so.  There was the usual number
who enrolled for the course but either failed to show
up for instruction or dropped out of training  for one
reason or  another.  A few found the work unsuitable.
  The men in training have had  the advantage of
assisting in practical welding jobs  of wide  variety.
The instructor is an expert welder with years of prac-
tical experience.  A  considerable amount of  custom
work is brought to the shop.  One of the trainees was
engaged as a business agent  and  has worked up a
custom trade that  brings in a substantial revenue.
[34] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
The need was felt for a truck to bring in jobs, as well
as to serve other purposes of the Institute, and a one-
ton Ford truck was presented to the Institute by the
Red Cross.  It serves all the departments, bringing in
custom work  and making deliveries for the welding
shop, the typewriter repair, enameling, nickel plating,
and printing departments, and  also  assisting  the
Federation of Associations for Cripples in taking work
to the home-bound cripples under its care.
   The custom work  brought to the shop comprises
broken typewriters, machine and automobile parts,
bronze and aluminum castings, steel  barrels, and a
wide  variety  of miscellaneous  repairs.   In this way
the trainees obtain knowledge of general welding and
cutting operations.  The training  is rather expensive
because of the gas and materials used, but the revenue
of the shop is a substantial offset to this expense.
   Three or four typical cases may be of  interest.
A young Italian lad of seventeen lost the four fingers
of his right hand in a punch press.  He took training
in the afternoon as he could spare time from his job
as errand  boy at which he was earning $7 a week.
He secured a job with  a street railway company at
$4.17  a day which he has held for over a year and is
planning to  devote his evenings  to a course in me-
chanical engineering.
   Another Italian lad of fifteen  who had lost  four
fingers of his  left hand came to the Institute and tried
mechanical drafting  for a while.  He found the work
unsuitable and was transferred at his own request to
the welding  class.   His attendance was somewhat
irregular owing to youthful instability and he finally
                        [35] 
THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
ceased coming and it was supposed he had abandoned
the work.  But some time later he reported that he
was engaged in welding in a shipyard at $27 a week.
Recently he telephoned in to say that he was making
$40 a week.
  The bearing which rehabilitation through  training
may have upon the question  of workmen's compen-
sation is shown by the case of a mechanic who fell in
a submarine  during its construction  in a shipyard.
He sustained a compound fracture  of  the left arm
followed by infection.  For a  year and  a half he was
unable to work and received $10 a week compensation.
The company considered him  a $4,000 liability.  The
far-sighted  manager of the casualty company carrying
the risk determined  to experiment with his re-educa-
tion.  In addition to his regular compensation, which
was continued to his wife, he was furnished with trans-
portation to New York and $20 a week for his expenses.
He was given six weeks in the welding shop at the
Institute and at the end of that time returned to the
shipyard at a better wage than before his injury.  His
arm improved with use and he is now one of the best
welders in the shipyard drawing his $50 a week. The
company was able to  write him off their books at a
saving of about $3,000 of the estimated cost of his
prolonged  disability.  Encouraged by  that case the
same casualty company has sent four other men to the
Institute for  training with the result that they are all
earning good wages.  Another casualty companv had
an injured workman trained  in welding and restored
to a good wage scale.
[36] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
  What the Red Cross in Cincinnati got for the invest-
ment of $200 in a patriotic lad from North Carolina
is interesting.  In his anxiety to bear arms for his
country he falsified his age and was  sent to  Fort
Thomas to be inducted into service.  As he stepped
from the street car he sprained his ankle and was taken
to the military hospital.  Tonsilitis  and appendicitis
followed in quick succession and Raynaud's gangrene
nearly claimed him as a victim.  He lost the ends of
his toes, the ends of the fingers of his right hand and
all the fingers and thumb  of his left hand.  Being
under  eighteen and not having  been inducted into
service he was outside  the provisions of the govern-
ment for the rehabilitation of disabled soldiers.  He
was  sent to the  Institute  in January,  1919, for re-
education.  A device  was made for the stump of his
left hand which enabled him to do welding. In  May
he was sent back to Cincinnati to take a welding job
at $25 a week.   The $200 paid all his expenses while
in training and he  had a little money  in his pocket
after his return fare had been paid.
                 JEWELRY MAKING
  In July, 1918, a  class in jewelry making that had
been conducted for ten  years by the Brearley League
in the Rhinelander School  for Crippled Children was
transferred to the Institute, the League continuing to
pay the salary of the instructor.  Most of the trainees
are boys who are handicapped by some crippling dis-
ease  but have good use of  their hands.  They are
taught the elementary processes of hand work in the
manufacture  of  jewelry, such  as soldering, sawing,
[37] 
THREE YEARS  OF  WORK
filing, piercing, etc.  Such instruction is given  them
in geometry as will enable them to  apply designs to
metal.
  One young lad was put into the class who was so
badly crippled that he rarely left home and when he
first came to the Institute had to be carried upstairs.
He walked with great difficulty on crutches.  He dis-
played a talent for drawing and was given instruction
in jewelry designing.  With great  faithfulness  and
regularity he attended  the Institute  for a year and a
half coming from his  home by the street  car, his
package  of lunch  dangling  from the button-hole of
his  coat.  His  placement at commercial work seemed
almost an  impossibility, but finally  a position  was
found for him with a jewelry firm where his work is
coloring the designs of coats of arms.  For this  he is
getting $9 a week for four hours' work a day.
  Some older men  have also taken the training.  One
was a United States mail cadet who lost a leg through
an accident on  shipboard.  After four  months' training
he took a  position where he is now earning $27 a
week with  good prospects of increasing wages.  An-
other is a soldier who was trained for five months in
the school and then transferred by the Federal Board
for  Vocational Education  to a  jewelry factory for
further placement  training.  The Federal Board also
found a soldier who had lost both legs  who wished
training in jewelry making.   As he could not get to
the Institute tools were  furnished him at home  and
the instructor  in jewelry  goes to his home during the
noon hour to give him instruction.  It is expected that
[38] 
          FOR  HANDICAPPED MEN

he will be able to get about on artificial legs and even-
tually obtain employment in a shop.
  Fifty-three  trainees  have  been  enrolled  in  the
jewelry class, all but  five  having some disability
affecting their powers of  locomotion, three were  car-
diacs, one hard of hearing and one a dwarf.   Twelve
have  been  placed in  the  jewelry trade at  wages
ranging from $8 to $27 a week; two have found other
work; three were transferred to other training;  four
had  to  quit for health  reasons;  four  were found  to
be unsuitable; six failed to  show up after enrolment;
four  took summer  training  and  then  returned  to
school;  the rest are in training.
  The present demand for workers in  the  jewelry
trade is such that little difficulty is found in  placing
the students after four or  five months  of training.
Proficiency  and  the  resulting high wages are gained
in the trade, some of the earlier  trainees getting  as
high as $50 a week.
  The Institute  has received the gift of a complete set
of watch-maker's tools which belonged  to a soldier
who gave his  life for his country.   This equipment,
given by  the soldier's mother, is  now being  used  in
teaching watch  and clock  repairing  and the  first
student is in training.
                TYPEWRITER REPAIR
  The next class to be started was one  in the repair
of typewriters.   Instruction was  begun  in January,
1919.  The work consists in the cleaning, repair, re-
building and adjustment of typewriters and is suitable
for men mechanically inclined who require a seated
[39] 
          THREE  YEARS  OF WORK
 occupation.  Most of the men enrolled  in this class
 have some  leg disability.   A good  repair man can
 usually find employment at good wages.
   The  Institute  was fortunate  in getting from the
 army some  eighty-nine unusable typewriters.  Some
 of them could not be used except for parts, but others
 could be rebuilt and rendered serviceable.   These
 machines were made  the  basis  of  instruction and
 outside  machines were also taken in  to be  rebuilt.
 Difficulty was  experienced  in  getting the parts re-
 nickeled and inasmuch as there was a nickel plating
 outfit belonging to the artificial limb department this
 was enlarged and put in charge of a one-armed man.
 The same trouble in getting the frames enameled led
 to the  installation of  a japanning  department con-
 sisting of an oven, spray booth and air brushes.   Now
 the entire work of rebuilding a typewriter can  be done
 at the Institute.
  Thirty-eight  men have been enrolled  in the class
in typewriter repair.  Six men  have found positions
as repairmen; three were transferred to other training,
four had to give  up for health reasons;  four found
other work;  eight did not return  after enrolment;
nine are still in  training.
  Five men have enrolled for nickel plating, including
the first trainee who is now the instructor.  He has
broken in a  lad with one arm, who after many futile
attempts to find steady employment is now working
for a nickel  plater;  one was found to be unsuitable
and  was secured  other  employment;  the other two
did not  return for training.
[40] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
  Enameling is now being taught to four men.  One
man with a partially disabled hand has been placed
at enameling where he uses the air brush.  Two others
failed to take  the  training  after enrolment.  This
department not only does the japanning for the type-
writer department and the enameling of the artificial
limbs but  also takes in outside  work, such as the
japanning  of sewing machine heads.  The  men are
also taught the application of gilt transfers.
  In the three foregoing classes the trainees are paid
a small training wage, usually $10 a week, in lieu  of
maintenance.  This is possible where the men are en-
gaged in commercial work.  They are required to turn
out a product that will be acceptable  to the patron
of the  shop.  In this way a commercial standard is
maintained and  the  trainees get actual  experience
under shop conditions.

        TELEPHONE SWITCHBOARD OPERATING
  It was found  that the private  telephone exchange
of the Institute could be used to advantage in teaching
men who could not undertake work of a more exacting
nature.  The first trainee was a lad who had lost both
legs and an arm. After a brief training at the switch-
board he was found a position as a night operator in
a hospital  and for over a year has supported himself
at  this work.  Ten men have been found positions
involving the manipulation  of the switchboard after
a few days or weeks of training.  The case of one man
is typical.   He was a colored man in  the city  home
who had lost an arm and a leg and much to his dislike
was forced to live in idleness as a  ward of the city.
[41] 
          THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
He was given a pass to come  to  the  Institute and
after a few days' training was found a situation which
raised him to the position of a self-respecting wage
earner.  He has undertaken to further better his con-
dition by getting an artificial limb which he is paying
for out of his slender wages.  He is happy to be able
to support himself on his own earnings.
STATISTICS OF TRAINING DEPARTMENT
	5 £	6* s		0« S '-2 s	s Oh S 1	«X0	1	■ft **» ■ft.	S	•»» 8 o 8	•ft O s ■ft
Number enrolled Did not begin work Transferred to another class Cont'd training elsewhere Found other work Unsuitable Quit on account of health Quit—no reason Placed in work trained for In training May 1, 1920	336 61 15 11 20 25 13 25 115 51	20 3 1 2 4 1 9	7 1 2 2 2	31 5 1 1 1 5 1 1 16	73 22 2 3 2 8 28 8	85 16 2 3 8 4 2 7 29 14	53 6 3 5 2 4 4 3 12 14	38 8 3 1 4 1 4 2 6 9	6 1 1 1 1 1 1	7 1 1 1 4	16 2 1 1 11 1
               PLACEMENT TRAINING
  The Institute conducts no placement training, that
is, training on  the job in  a shop or factory.   The
employment department has acquired a knowledge,
through its industrial survey, of a number of manu-
[42] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED MEN
facturers who will take learners and will  pay them a
wage while learning.  Where the processes are suitable
for the handicapped, and conditions of work are satis-
factory,  men likely  to profit by such training  are
referred to those places.  It has been the policy of  the
Institute not to start training classes in industries in
which placement training  is available under suitable
conditions.  This side of the work is capable of large
expansion.  It would require careful supervision and
follow-up work which would involve the cooperation
of the employer, and would necessitate an increase in
the staff of the Institute.
  While having the advantage of greatly multiplying
the training opportunities for the handicapped, place-
ment training has its disadvantages,  particularly in
the case of those who lack  confidence in their abilities
and  who need the encouragement, moral tonic and
patient  oversight they are  more likely to receive in a
special  school  for  the  handicapped.   An  employer
naturally seeks his own advantage in  giving training
in a particular process and his object is to make that
training profitable to himself.  On the other hand,  the
Institute seeks to  develop  the individual and to lead
him by  easy stages into habits of industry.  The rigid
requirements of the shop must necessarily be relaxed
to some degree.  Cripples who find travel on the street
cars during the rush hours almost terrifying at first
must be given some  leeway in the matter of  arrival
and departure.  Those needing to attend clinics  for
treatment must be accommodated;   those  who  can
work only part of a day, either from a lack of physical
                        [43] 
           THREE  YEARS OF  WORK
 endurance or to assist in their maintenance by part-
 time work,  must have special consideration.  It  is
 difficult to secure these special considerations in  a
 shop conducted  for purely commercial profit.  And,
 furthermore, it is often discouraging for a handicapped
 worker  to initiate his training  alongside  a normal
 person,  but where he  works with other handicapped
 persons  his pride will lead him to minimize his dis-
 ability and to strive to excel in his work.  No normal
 man wishes to admit that another is worse off than he.
 That type is to  be found on the sidewalk exhibiting
 his disability to extract sympathy and alms from  the
 unthinking.  These considerations argue strongly  for
 the  special school where study is given to the indi-
 vidual and where his training can  be changed, if
 necessary,  to one more congenial  to  his tastes and
 capabilities.  These conditions do not obtain in most
 shops offering placement training.

                  HOME TRAINING
  Another field of training with which the Institute
 has had  some contact  is that for the cripple who  is,
 either temporarily or permanently, home-bound. Ex-
 cellent work is being done by the Federation of Asso-
 ciations for Cripples in  finding profitable work for the
 home-bound and, in some cases, furnishing them with
 teachers.  The secretary of the  Federation,  Miss
 Elizabeth McCleery, has her office in the  Institute
 and its motor truck is  used to send to shut-ins work
offered by manufacturers and to bring back the fin-
ished product. In a case cited above the instructor in
[44 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
jewelry is giving instruction to a soldier who has lost
both legs but who, it is expected, will  eventually be
capable of undertaking work in a shop.  It is recom-
mended  by the recent Cripple Survey that  the re-
sponsibility for work for the home-bound be definitely
assumed by the Institute.  This work  is designed to
bring to the cripple, who cannot leave  his home,  not
work of a recreational  nature such as the well-to-do
can indulge in, but work which will assist in main-
taining the family budget.

                   MAINTENANCE
  In dealing with the problem of the civilian cripple
the question must be answered, how are the expenses
involved in carrying out a plan for his rehabilitation
to be met?  In the case of the soldier the government
has made generous provision by special appropriation
for the payment of his tuition, incidental expenses,
and for his maintenance during training.  The Insti-
tute provides free training to both soldier and civilian
who can profit by the courses it offers.  But the ques-
tion of living expenses must also be faced.
  Those  who are injured  in  industries covered by
workmen's compensation, state or federal have, pre-
sumptively, at least a slender means of support during
training.   The fact is that few men receiving work-
men's compensation  take training during the period
they are receiving  compensation.  This  for several
reasons.  Some are not physically fit.  Others prefer
to  enjoy a period of idleness, little reckoning what
                        [45] 
          THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
will happen when compensation ceases.  Others have
contracted a habit of assuming an attitude of disable-
ment for compensation purposes.  Some fear that any
activity on their part will jeopardize their compensa-
tion, while  the  fact is that the  taking of training
without  pay will  not affect  their status with  the
casualty companies.
  A large class of persons are incapacitated for earning
their living by accidents that are not compensable, by
disease, and because of congenital infirmities.  Society
must make provision for these as well as for those in-
jured in industry.
  Men who have been trained at the Institute have
been supported in various ways.  Some have received
help from their families and friends, fraternal and phil-
anthropic organizations. Others have supported them-
selves in part-time jobs furnished by the employment
department.  To others the Institute has extended
small training pay in  production classes, and some it
has helped by maintenance loans.  For a time small
weekly loans were made to  trainees with the  under-
standing that these  should  be repaid in  convenient
instalments when a position  had been  secured.   Some
trainees have, with great faithfulness repaid the loans
which have proved to be a veritable boon to them, but
others  have abused  the confidence of  the Institute
and made no efforts to return the loans although able
to do so.  On the whole the  plan has been rather dis-
appointing,  as is shown by  the accompanying table.
                       [46] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
MAINTENANCE ACCOUNT
	Loaned	Repaid	Balance Unpaid
Drafting Artificial limb Printing Motion picture operating Welding Jewelry Typewriter repair Nickel plating Enameling Telephone switchboard operating	$765.00 90.00 91.00 546.00 419.00 248.00 136.00 31.00	$427.85 6.00 153.00 120.00 37.00 31.00	$337.15 84.00 91.00 393.00 299.00 248.00 99.00
Totals	$2,326.00	$774.85	$1,551.15
  It is still believed that a revolving fund judiciously
used and  properly safeguarded would make possible
the training of men who otherwise would be deprived
of the opportunity   This might be more effectively
done by an auxiliary organization who would be guar-
anteed against losses by the Institute.  By this means
collections might be expedited.

                   EMPLOYMENT
  Special facilities must be provided for securing em-
ployment for the handicapped. The ordinary employ-
ment bureau does not  care to bother with cripples.
More thought in placing them is required, if the dis-
abled man and  the  employer are to be well served-
                       [47] 
THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
The  needs of both must be studied with a care not
ordinarily bestowed upon the applicants to a general
bureau or upon the employer using only normal men,
otherwise the placement will not stick, to the discour-
agement of  the cripple and  to the disgust  of the
employer who is willing to make the experiment.  It
cannot be emphasized too strongly that the rehabili-
tation of the disabled man is the primary considera-
tion  in the  placement of  the handicapped.   The
number of  men placed is not so  important  as the
nature of the placement. To get a man an immediate
job is one thing, to get a man a job that will be a
positive and constructive factor in his  rehabilitation
is quite another matter. The latter kind of placement
requires a very special knowledge of the needs of an
employer, the suitability of the job for  the  handi-
capped worker, and the temperament and  capabilities
of the man.  This involves a  personal contact with
the employer and the enlistment of his interest.  It is
an office job plus a  service  of investigation and
follow-up.
  The Institute found ready to hand an employment
service with a year's experience  in  dealing with the
handicapped.   It grew out of a very  definite  need
experienced  by  the  Federation  of Associations for
Cripples and was conducted for both men  and women
by the Hudson Guild.  In  January, 1918, the work
for men was taken over  by the Institute and  Miss
Gertrude R. Stein and Miss Hannah Baumann, who
had  been in charge of that work, were added to the
staff of the Institute.  Work was limited to men with
[48] 
          FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN

orthopedic handicaps, that is, disabilities affecting the
use of the  limbs, although  a  few other types were
included, for there  are  often  secondary handicaps
affecting sight, hearing, speech, and the heart, which
when they stand alone, are usually referred to organi-
zations dealing particularly with such cases.
  The employment  department has  kept constantly
in mind that its duty is to assist, by all suitable means,
in the rehabilitation  of the disabled,  by advising the
men  to  secure  suitable  artificial appliances and  to
seek  training when  that seems to  be  feasible and
likely  to produce  beneficial results.  The training
facilities of  the Institute are kept constantly in mind
and  the  young and  trainable are urged to consult
the director with a view to learning a  trade.   The
result is that it is a feeder to "The School of Another
Chance."
  The aim of the department is to make constructive
placements  of positive social worth.  This involves a
knowledge of the medical history of the applicant.
Where possible a diagnosis of his case is secured from
a clinic or hospital he has attended, or from a private
doctor.  The interests of the public must be  con-
sidered and fellow-workers  guarded  against a com-
municable  disease.    A  record of  epilepsy,  which
sometimes complicates certain orthopedic cases, must
be known and taken  into consideration in work-plans
for a man, otherwise an injustice may be done to an
employer.   Suspicions of  mental defectiveness some-
times lead to a psychological test by a psychiatrist.
  Not only must the interests  of  fellow workers be
considered but the  man's own health must be safe-
[49] 
THREE  YEARS  OF WORK
guarded.  This involves a knowledge of the  sanitary
conditions of the shop to which he is sent.
  Congeniality of work must  enter  into  a  man's
placement, if the best results are to be obtained.   It
is a waste of time and effort to try to force a man into
a job he does not like.  And even such a  low level
occupation as a watchman's job may, after all, be the
most suitable, taking into consideration the taste and
caliber of the man.  This is particularly the case with
older men who may be untrainable.
  Another  thing to be taken into consideration  is
whether the wages in the job  to which he is sent are
likely to increase with his usefulness to his employer.
An  employer  is asked  to  take a  man on  the sole
grounds of his usefulness, aside from  any  charitable
impulse.  But the cripple  must  be guarded  against
exploitation and any employer who  fails  to  pay a
cripple according to his worth simply because he is a
cripple is not playing fair.  Under such circumstances
the employment bureau is justified in trying to find
another job for the man.
  The location  of the job in relation to  the man's
home deserves some attention.  The difficulties experi-
enced  by the normal  worker in using the lines  of
public  transportation  during  the  rush  hours  are
greatly multiplied in the case of the cripple.   To place
a man in a job across the city when another near his
home is available would be wasteful of his strength.
  From what has been said it will readily be seen that
an employment bureau for the handicapped must give
better service  to the employer than the  ordinary
agency.  Only by giving better service can it maintain
                       [50] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
 its hold upon the employer who, quite naturally, is
 not anxious to make use of the handicapped.
   The special bureau must constantly deal with some
 men who are practically unplaceable because of the
 nature of their disabilities or their attitude of mind.
 To constantly pester  an employer  by sending him
 impossible applicants only disappoints him  with the
 service and lessens the likelihood of his considering
 men who might really  be useful to him.  Some types
 have been recognized as  almost unplaceable: the old
 man who is paraplegic and so slow as to  be a drag
on the job; the epileptic and  those with communicable
diseases; the man with a double arm amputation;  the
man of clerical type with a right side hemiplegia and
whose speech centers are affected; the man who has
formed mendicant habits  and who prefers to make an
easy living by begging rather than maintain himself
by  self-respecting labor at a lower return.   Society
must face the problem of the unplaceable by providing
a workshop where he can support himself at something
he is capable of doing, even if his work be not com-
mercially  profitable.   It  would be economically less
wasteful  to  conduct a subsidized workshop for  the
unfit than  to support  them in almshouses, and the
mental and moral benefit to the  men themselves would
 be  incalculable.  Only when such facilities are  pro-
vided will society be justified in  taking stern  measures
to remove from the streets  the  mendicant cripples,
many of whom are arrant fakirs,  but others of whom
are absolutely unplaceable.
  Mention has already been made of the fact that an
employment bureau  must  know the opportunities
                       [51] 
          THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
which industry offers for the employment of the handi-
capped.   Innumerable industrial surveys have been
made, but here is need  for another to discover  the
operations capable of being performed by handicapped
men,  to acquaint employers with this source of labor
supply and solicit their interest and cooperation.
  In the early part of 1918 the Institute undertook a
survey of the chief industries of New York City. The
manufacturers' and merchants' associations were first
visited and then the local trade associations and labor
unions.   In all,  102 associations were visited, as well
as twenty-seven medical societies  and dispensaries.
The cooperation of trade journals  was solicited and
secured.   The Institute was assisted in its  survey of
the largest factories in each industry by Mr. F. R.
Bigler, of Kansas City,  himself  a  cripple  minus an
arm and a leg, who was  quick  to see the possibilities
for  the handicapped worker.  During the first  six
months 542  factories  were carefully  surveyed  and
reports  filed  at  the  Institute.   Many  thousands of
circulars were sent out and about 1,500  factories were
visited for the purpose of soliciting interest and  co-
operation.  More than  1,200 different jobs were found
which could be performed by leg cripples and 275 that
could utilize arm cripples.
  This general survey was valuable in locating indus-
tries that could  use cripples, and while the practical
attempt at placing men in  those jobs may have since
proved that the view of the survey was rather roseate,
great benefit was derived from the work.  The present
policy of the department is to visit factories upon  the
invitation of employers  with  whom correspondence
[52] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
 has been opened.  Upon such a visit the investigator
 studies  the processes  possible  for  a  handicapped
 person.  The physical aspects of the factory in respect
 to  the number of employees, light, ventilation, dust,
 fire hazards, elevator facilities,  sanitary conditions,
 etc., are noted on the report.  The type of employees
 is acertained and the existence of any racial prefer-
 ences or antipathies.  This is quite necessary to save
 the applicant from rebuffs that are likely to add to
 his discouragement.
  The effectiveness of an employment bureau depends
 very largely upon its follow-up work.   Much that is
 helpful can  be learned from the men themselves as to
 conditions they meet in their work.  It has been found
 that about  eighty per cent,  of the men respond to
 letters sent  to them from time to time inquiring how
 they are getting  along.   The replies are summarized
 on  the case records.  An evening office hour once a
 week gives  the men an  opportunity to  consult with
 the secretary regarding any matter upon which they
 may need advice.  Men wishing to seek other employ-
 ment are given counsel.  It is  felt that ordinarily it
 is best for the cripples  to make any adjustment of
 differences directly with the employer after advice,
 rather than through the bureau,  as this tends to de-
velop self-reliance.  Frequent visits to  the  employer
are  not thought to be advisable, either from  the effect
 upon the employer or the worker.
  The statistics for the employment department from
 January  1, 1918 to May 1, 1920 follows:
                        [531 
THREE YEARS  OF  WORK
STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT DEPARTMENT
			1920	
	1918	1919	(4 mo.)	Total
Number of calls from employers	1,377	828	381	2,586
New applicantsx	1,285	932	• 246	2,463
Renewals 2	2,337	2,695	1,034	6,066
Number of visits of applicants to				
office	3,622	3,627	1,339	8,588
Interviews for consultation only	306	331	101	738
Number referred to work	2,823	2,342	912	6,077
Number of placements	992	896	348	2,236
'Cases not repeated.
2 Applicants returning to bureau.
  In  the  appendix  will be  found  other statistical
information regarding the  jobs  found for men with
various handicaps and the sources from which men
have been referred to the Institute.   It will be quite
readily seen by studying the statement of sources that
more complete and hearty cooperation upon the part
of social agencies would multiply the Institute's oppor-
tunities for usefulness.
  Some interesting cases dealt with by  the employ-
ment  department will illustrate  the kind of work it
is doing.  The names are fictitious but the facts are
genuine.
  Many men through long unemployment, have come
to believe that they  cannot find  work and the family
adjustments are made in that belief.  The wife and
mother who should  be the home-maker is forced to
become the bread-winner  while  the  disabled  wage-
earner sits at home.   John Gregory was a roofer and
                       [541 
          FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN

owned his own business two years ago.  As the result
of a fall from a roof he lost his right leg. He received
no compensation as he was his own employer.  His
wife had to go out to work to supplement the wages
earned by their son.  Gregory remained at home idle
because none of  them thought a man minus a  leg
could work. One day he saw that  the Institute adver-
tised to find work for cripples.  He applied for a job
and the next day was sent to  a firm making novelties
where he was given a seated job on celluloid work.
Later, a job in which he could put to use the knowl-
edge of his former  trade was found for him and he
was set at soldering in a shop making electrical special-
ties.   He earned between  $18 and $36 a week  and
although he had to come into the city by rail a distance
of eighteen miles he never missed a day  at work. The
next progressive step in his placement was when work
was found  for him near home soldering oil cans.   He
works as hard and accomplishes as much as any man
in the shop and  he no longer considers himself dis-
abled.
  Another  man  who had  been out of  work for  two
years wrote to  the Institute  that it was difficult for
him to get about during the winter on two artificial
legs.   But when spring  came John  Mulligan  was
found a position in a toy factory.  He  then had a
brief  experience  in war-time work in the  quarter-
master's department  and after  the  armistice  was
placed with a large millinery novelty house where he
cuts out celluloid patterns.  He  has given excellent
satisfaction to his employer and has made as high as
$40 a week.
                       [55] 
THREE  YEARS OF  WORK
  A double leg amputation  did not prove an insur-
mountable difficulty  to finding  a job  for  Morris
Rubinstein who was fifty-two years old and had been
out of a job for six years.  The case had been known
to the United Hebrew Charities for twenty years and
they saw that he was becoming confirmed in his de-
pendence upon others and felt it was almost hopeless
to try to induce him to work.  The moral effect upon
his children of their father's idleness  was not good.
His hands had been weakened by Raynaud's gangrene
which had cost him his legs.  So the range of work
he could do was very limited.  He was placed with
a clipping bureau and except for a few periods when
he has been in the hospital he has been steadily em-
ployed cutting and pasting clippings.   He is greatly
pleased to be engaged in regular work.
  Because a man has been a clerical worker it  is by
no means certain that he cannot take up a mechanical
job suitable to a handicap.  George Brown had been
a time-keeper, an insurance collector, and had worked
in a real estate office up to the age of forty-one when
he applied to the Institute for work.   He got about
with difficulty on an artificial leg, for the other leg
was stiff.  He had just closed an unsuccessful venture
at running a candy store, the rock upon which many
a disabled man has made shipwreck of his compen-
sation settlement.  He thought he would like to  learn
something  mechanical  and was placed with a  firm
that manufactures automatic numbering  machines.
Here  he  gained  considerable  knowledge  of various
mechanical processes.  He then found a position with
a machine house where he earned as  high as $36  a
                       [56] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
week on a milling machine.  Finding the work too
heavy he applied to the Institute and was secured a
position  in  which  his  mechanical training and his
ability to read blue-prints  and use the micrometer
stand him in good stead. His only wish is that he had
entered this line of work earlier.
  The man who has lost an  arm presents a  very
difficult problem to the employment department.  A
study of the list of placements of one-armed men to
be found in the appendix will show that there are a
number of operations they can successfully perform.
One young man,  a Lithuanian coal miner, who had
lost his left hand in the mines, had held only messenger
positions for four  years when he applied to the In-
stitute.   He was found a job  filling  paint pails by
machinery in a paint factory. He also lays out orders
in the shipping room.
  Probably the best placement of a one-armed  man
was that of an engineer  who lost his arm in the navy.
He  came to the Institute thoroughly discouraged  in
his  fruitless attempts to find a  situation through the
various employment agencies.  The Institute was for-
tunate enough to find a  position for him in an electric
power house in Mississippi where he has been for the
past year and a half.  He is  chief engineer and writes
with pride of the improvements he has made.
  The Institute has been able to place not  only  men
of the watchmen type but can point with pride to its
services to a considerable number of men of high type
and excellent ability who have been helped to suitable
positions.
                       [57] 
THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
                   FIELD WORK
  Effective work for the rehabilitation of a disabled
man often depends upon such an intimate knowledge
of the circumstances of his life as can be obtained only
by a trained social worker.   Currents  in his life that
do not appear upon the surface may profoundly affect
the problem of his rehabilitation.  Home conditions,
helpful or otherwise,  may modify the success of plans
in his behalf.   It often  happens that some other social
organization has been interested  in his welfare, or
that of his  family,  and the  plans  of the  Institute
involve cooperation with that agency  or with others
that may be able to render help of a special kind.
Often his case is known  to the social  service depart-
ment of a hospital and he will  first learn  about the
facilities offered  by  the Institute through  a social
service worker.  The field work department strives to
maintain a helpful relationship with  the social service
departments of hospitals and to facilitate referrals of
cases likely to need  the  services of  the Institute by
means of blanks upon which the necessary data can be
reported. His transportation may require the help of
the motor corps, or he  may need a period of recupera-
tion in  the country, or a psychological test may be
advisable, or he  should  be directed to  some special
clinic for examination or treatment.   His support
during training may be undertaken by  some organi-
zation when the facts are presented to it. An out-of-
town applicant for training may require assistance in
finding a suitable boarding place.
  The field  work department cooperates, therefore,
with such other agencies as are, or may be, interested
                        [58] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
in helping.  It does more.  It assists in the work of the
different departments of  the Institute.  He may be
purchasing an artificial limb on the 'agreement plan',
that is, on a pledge to make regular payments therefor
out of his wages, and the  reasons for  non-payment
must be investigated.  He may be enrolled as a trainee
and the reasons for absence  must be ascertained.  Or,
after placement something may interfere with his em-
ployment and a home visit is required.  A knowledge
of the man in his wider relations is necessary to effec-
tive work in his behalf, and this knowledge can be best
obtained by workers who come into sympathetic touch
with him and make  all efforts tend towards a single
aim, that is, his  complete rehabilitation.  The very
complete records  kept  in the office are valuable to an
understanding of his case  and in forming an estimate
of his disposition  to cooperate.
  The complexity of the work of this department and
the number  of social  agencies involved in a  man's
rehabilitation can best be understood by a brief synop-
sis of several typical cases.
  One of the city hospitals referred to the Institute
the case of  a badly  crippled lad whose only outlook
after  discharge  from  the hospital as  a permanent
cripple was the City Home, for his family refused to
help him.  He had had no training that would fit him
for a job although he  was ambitious  to help himself.
It was believed that he could be trained at the Insti-
tute to repair typewriters as he had  the use of both
hands  and  was   mechanically  inclined.   The  field
worker  interested the United Jewish Aid Society of
Brooklyn in providing maintenance  for him during
                       [59] 
THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
 training.  A suitable boarding place was found for him
 within walking distance of the Institute and through
 all kinds of weather he swung himself to the class on
 his crutches.  The  hope of becoming self-supporting
 spurred him to faithful endeavor and he became a capa-
 ble workman.  The severity of his handicap proved to
 be a bar to his employment as a typewriter repair man
 but  he  secured  a position with a jewelry firm at a
 mechanical job at which he has supported himself for
 more than a year.  His training  did not result in his
 employment in that particular work, but it did prove
 that he could become an efficient workman and paved
 the way for his present success.
   Another case was referred by the social service de-
 partment  of another hospital for an artificial  leg and
 suitable employment.  The condition of his stump
 made it inadvisable to  fit him at once with a per-
 manent leg and he was  advised to take training in
 monotype caster running until such time as the pos-
session of  a suitable leg would make him employable.
The  use  of  crutches during  training would  be im-
 possible so a temporary leg was cast  to fit his stump
and he laid aside his crutches and entered the  class.
 The  wearing of  the temporary leg will improve  his
 stump and  prepare it  for a  permanent one,  after
 getting which he will be able to secure a position.
   A  field worker was asked to call upon a man in the
 City  Hospital who had  ordered  a leg made in the
 Institute limb shop to learn the prospects of  his em-
 ployment and the likelihood of his meeting the pay-
 ments on  his leg.  As soon as the leg was completed
 and he was able  to use it he applied to the field work
                       [60] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
department for assistance in finding a job.  He was
referred to the employment department which secured
a position for him upon  his discharge  from the hos-
pital.   Out of his earnings he has made regular pay-
ments on his leg and has  it nearly paid for.
  The case of a colored man involved cooperation with
a large number of social agencies.  One department of
the Red Cross paid for artificial legs, another looked
after  his  transportation.   One  organization   sent
friendly visitors to  the hospital and his home;  two
clinics looked after his eyes and teeth; a hospital pro-
vided  for the re-operation on a troublesome stump;
the Institute attempted  to give him training and
made  his  legs;  one organization furnished him with
a teacher  at home, another gave the services of a
visiting nurse, and the employment  department
finally  placed him.  The  field work department  en-
gineered the whole job.   The case in more detail will
be illustrative.
  He was  the driver of a coal cart in a Pennsylvania
town and both feet  were frozen, necessitating the am-
putation of the left leg below the knee and the right
foot through the instep.   The Canadian Division of
the Home Service Section of the New York County
Chapter of  the Red Cross became interested in his
plight  because his brother had enlisted in the British
forces  in Canada.  The  field work department was
asked  to  make  plans  for  his rehabilitation.   His
mother was so discouraged about his future that she
wanted him admitted  to some  institution for she
thought that he would never be able to do any work.
But the Institute had better hopes for him.
                        [61] 
THREE  YEARS OF  WORK
  The first steps toward his rehabilitation was to make
it possible for him to get about.  He was brought to
the  Institute  by the Red Cross Motor Corps and
carried to the limb shop.  A pair of legs was made for
him for which the Home Service paid.  An instructor,
himself a man with a double amputation, was provided
to teach him how to use his new legs.  But the stump
of his right  foot proved to be very troublesome and
he was taken  to the Orthopedic Hospital for advice.
A re-operation was deemed necessary and as that hos-
pital was crowded the amputation of the remainder
of his foot was performed at the Presbyterian Hospital.
  In the meanwhile the New York League  on Urban
Conditions among Negroes was interested in his case
and  friendly visitors were  sent to the hospital and
later to his  home with the view of improving home
conditions.
  After the  second operation  on his right leg he was
able to get about on one artificial leg and  a pair  of
crutches until such time as his stump was in  condition
to wear another artificial leg.   Plans were then made
for  training  him  for some occupation.   His scanty
education and the fact that he had done only common
porter work  limited his training possibilities.  It was
thought that he might attend a telephone switchboard
and arrangements were made with the motor corps  to
bring him to the Institute each day for training.  The
experiment did not prove successful because  his slow-
ness of speech was a bar to this work and he was given
a trial at jewelry making.  He did not develop a fitness
for  that  work but expressed a  desire to learn book-
binding.  As that branch is not taught at the  Institute
                      [62] 
         FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN

the Federation of Associations for Cripples was asked
if it could find a teacher who could instruct him at
home in bookbinding.  A teacher was found and under
her patient instruction he made good progress  and
took a new interest in life at the prospect of eventually
being able to enter remunerative work.
  In course of time a new leg was made for him at the
Institute  and paid for by the Home Service Section.
He was given instruction in the use of his two artificial
legs and after a while ventured upon the street, using
only a cane.  The bookbinding trade  did not offer a
suitable opening for work and the employment depart-
ment was asked to find him a job. He was placed with
a firm making electrical  specialties  and he was em-
ployed at bench work at a fair wage.  But his  eyes
and his teeth  needed attention  and he was sent to
clinics where he  received the necessary care.  When
further trouble with his stumps necessitated his return
to the hospital the firm that had employed him was
communicated with and promised to hold his position
for him, and when he returned home from the hospital
the firm  sent him work he could do at home until he
was able to return  to the shop.  His stump needed
dressing at home such as he was unable to give and so
the assistance of a visiting nurse  from  the  Henry
Street Settlement was requested and  she called daily
to dress his stump.
   No one who sees the change that has come over the
man,  his new outlook on life and the joy of being able
to support himself will say that the effort in his behalf
was not  worth while.
[63] 
THREE  YEARS  OF WORK
  The following is a list of the social agencies referring
cases  to the field work department and the number
referred:
HOSPITALS                OTHER AGENCIES
Bellevue........	17	Assn. for Aid Crip. Chil.	3
Brooklyn........	4	Bklyn. Bureau of Charities	4
Broad Street......	1	Bklyn. District Nurse . .	1
City..........	3	Bklyn. Jewish Aid Society .	j
Clinic for Functional Re-		Belgian Bureau.....	1
education .......	1	Brearley League.....	1
Gouverneur .......	4	Charity Organization Soc. .	2
Greenpoint.......	3	Employer .......	1
Harlem ........	3	Federation of Associations	
King's County.....	15	for Cripples......	6
Lenox Hill.......	1	Free Synagogue.....	1
Lincoln ........	3	Red Cross Home Service .	5
Long Island College . . .	1	United Hebrew Charities .	1
Metropolitan......	3	Y. W. C. A., Jersey City .	1
Mt. Sinai........	1		
Montefiore Home ...	3		
New York.......	4		
New York Orthopaedic . .	3		
Roosevelt .......	1		
Ruptured and Crippled . .	1		
Volunteer........	2		
Total.......	74	Total.......	30
  It is quite apparent  that  much  larger use of  the
facilities  of the Institute could  be made  by social
agencies.  This will probably be  the case as its work
becomes  better  understood  and the  advantages  of
seeking  the cooperation of an institution making a
special study of the problem of the industrial rehabili-
tation of disabled men are appreciated.
[64] 
          FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
             SOCIAL AND RECREATIONAL
  Work for the handicapped must not neglect their
social and recreational needs.   Play as well as work
will help to give them a normal view of life.  Some,
by reason of their  disabilities,  have a reluctance to
mingle with their normal fellows and participate in the
sports  which bring them into competition with the
able-bodied.  But in association with  other  handi-
capped persons they lose much of their sensitiveness
and strive together in a spirit of friendly rivalry.
  The  first effort of the Institute, under the direction
of the  field work department, was to bring together
in an evening gathering, crippled men who had become
known to the Institute.  The director told of the work
that was being done  abroad for  war cripples, using
lantern slides and moving pictures. Then two cripples
told of the remarkable way in which they  had over-
come their handicaps and made good.  Soon the ice
was broken and the men gathered in groups to swap
experiences as they  partook of refreshments.
  The  influence of  the meeting was immediately re-
flected in an increase of applications to the employ-
ment  department  for work and  to the educational
department for admission to the industrial classes.
The experiment demonstrated the fact that no one can
encourage a cripple so effectively as another cripple.
  A subsequent party was addressed by Hon. Michael
Dowling, of Minnesota, and Judge Quentin D. Corley,
of Dallas, Texas.  The former was caught in a Minne-
sota blizzard when  a  lad and so severely frozen that
he suffered  the amputation of both legs below the
knees,  one arm below the elbow, and  four fingers of
                       [65] 
THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
the remaining  hand.   Notwithstanding this  severe
triple handicap he had worked his way through college,
become president of a bank and speaker of the state
legislature.  The  latter cripple  lost his  right arm  at
the shoulder and the left arm below the elbow in a
railway accident.  Misfortune spurred him to deter-
mined  efforts to make an honorable place for himself
in the  world.  He became the 'straw boss' of a gang
of unskilled laborers, later studied law  and  attained
the position of  county judge.  He is of  an inventive
turn of mind and made for himself a special device for
his left arm by which he performs all the duties of  an
active  life, cultivates his own garden and drives his
own car.
  The  men  thus drawn together in these and subse-
quent  'cripple parties' saw the advantage of forming
an organization which was known at first as the Red
Cross Institute Club.  A  room  was set  apart in the
Institute for fortnightly meetings and the organization
grew until it now numbers some ninety members.  11
has adopted the more pretentious name of the United
Association  for  Handicapped  Men and is pledged  to
work in the interests of  disabled men.   It  seeks  to
encourage those who have a disability  to make the
most of themselves and has set its face against mendi-
cancy and street trades that play upon the sympathies
of the public. The Institute publishes for the associa-
tion a  monthly  sheet called Thumbs Up, which keeps
their interests in  the foreground.  This  breezy little
paper is also sent to many hospitals and  has attracted
considerable attention.
[66] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
   One of the latest activities of the Association has
 been the formation of a brass band composed entirely
 of crippled men.   The  necessary instruments  were
 donated by Mr. and Mrs. Orlando Rouland who ren-
 dered such splendid service during the war in collecting
 over three thousand musical instruments for the use
 of our soldiers and sailors.  A competent band-master
 has been secured and regular practice is held.
   It might be  thought  that  competitive athletics
 would hardly have a place in a school for the disabled.
 But  a vacant lot adjoining the Institute proved to be
 quite alluring to those who can toss a ball or run bases.
 The  Institute has the distinction of having a miniature
 athletic field on one of  the  busiest corners of  New.
 York City under the shadow of skyscrapers.  Basket-
 ball  and indoor baseball are the favorite games during
 the noon  hour,  but on  'field days' potato races and
 boxing bouts have  been added to  the program.  At
 the  last field  day  two hundred and  forty persons,
 mostly  cripples, were present by  invitaiton and the
 events were run off with a vigor and snap that would
 have done credit to a college meet.  The interest and
 amusement of the audience, as rival teams vied with
 each other in basket-ball and baseball, was hearty and
 good-natured.  Crutches and artificial limbs mixed in
 the m§lee and many an upset was cheered in a good-
natured fashion.  Foot-races by one-legged  men  on
crutches and a  boxing  bout between two men  with
only a leg and a crutch apiece created a genuine diver-
 sion. Handicaps and disabilities were forgotten in the
 struggle and no injuries gave occasion for the skeptical
 to shake their heads.  The daily press and the movie
                       [67] 
          THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
men found interesting features in the unique events.
The moral of it all is, make the crippled man feel as
normal as possible.

               EDUCATION OF PUBLIC

  No social work, depending upon the  public for its
support, can thrive in the face of general ignorance of
the subject.  The crippled  and disabled have always
been evident enough, but how to help them construc-
tively, how to utilize  their remaining powers and facul-
ties in a way to make them self-supporting is not so
plain.  Any new movement for the amelioration  of the
condition  of the  unfortunate  needs a tremendous
amount of publicity if it is to lay hold of the imagina-
tion of the public.  Fortunately for the cause of the
disabled, there was, upon our entry into war a seed-bed
prepared for planting.  Every family faced the  possi-
bility of  having  some of its members  return  home
maimed for life.   The problem of the disabled cast its
shadow upon every hearth. And when the casualty
lists began to come back from the front it was pain-
fully clear that the country must seek  out and plan
for  the best for its  disabled defenders.  What that
'best' was must plainly be  sought in  the experiences
of others.
   Fortunately for the cause to which the Red  Cross
now turned its attention, Mr. Douglas C. McMurtrie
had for some eight years been collecting  all the litera-
ture he could obtain  in this and foreign countries on
the subject of cripples and  their care.  This collection
was placed in the Institute and has been  largely added
to, making it undoubtedly  the most complete special
[68] 
           FOR  HANDICAPPED MEN
 library on the subject in the world. There are 7,260
 entries relating  to  adult cripples, 1,723 relating to
 crippled children, and 933 relating to the blind. An
 abstract catalogue that will  prove, when completed,
 to be of great value in this field of inquiry has been
 prepared covering about three-fourths of the entries.
 An analytical subject  index is being arranged and
 covers a considerable part of the entries.  The librarian
 is glad  to answer inquiries regarding material on the
 subject of work  for the disabled and the largest use
 of the library by all interested in the subject is desired.
  The first thing to be  done was to learn what had
 been accomplished in other countries for the rehabili-
 tation of disabled soldiers and  to acquaint American
 readers with the facts.  In November,  1917, several
 research workers undertook to  study the experiences
 of other countries.  Correspondence with officials and
 organizations  working for disabled soldiers and sailors
 was carried on, foreign news-collecting agencies were
 engaged to send in  all available printed matter, and
 photographs  in  large numbers were secured.   The
 results of these studies were published  in a series of
 pamphlets which are listed in  the appendix.  They
 were also gathered  together  into a volume entitled,
 The  Evolution  of  National  Systems  of Vocational
 Re-education for Disabled Soldiers  and Sailors, and
 published  in  May,  1918,  by the Federal Board for
Vocational Education as Bulletin No. 15. There were
 sixteen  monographs in  Series 1, of which there were
 36,500  printed,  dealing principally with  work  in
 foreign  countries.   Series  No.  2 comprises largely
 studies  of vocational opportunities for the  handi-
                        [69] 
THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
capped made by the Institute staff and by the Bureau
of  Vocational Guidance  of  Harvard  University.
There have been printed nine numbers aggregating
25,500 copies. Besides these the Institute prepared
six monographs for the Red  Cross Institute for the
Blind, including an abstract catalogue of literature on
the war blinded.
  These booklets are scientific in nature rather than
popular and are intended for the information of those
interested in  the  problem of  rehabilitation.   There
were also prepared by the research department articles
for  the scientific press and for the American Journal
of Care for Cripples.
  Not less important than giving information regard-
ing the progress of the work in other countries was the
arousing of the interest of  the general public in what
might and should be done for those injured in the war.
The director,  Mr.  McMurtrie, prepared a series of
leaflets calculated to stimulate an interest in the sub-
ject and these were issued in large quantities. Through
the cooperation of the American  Telephone and Tele-
graph Company three million copies of a leaflet, en-
titled Your Duty to the War Cripple,  accompanied the
telephone bills to subscribers in one month.  The duty
of the employer,  of the medical profession, and of the
clergy to the war cripple was set forth in other leaflets.
Two booklets were given wide circulation, Reconstruct-
ing the Crippled Soldier, and The Rehabilitation of the
War  Cripple.   Nor  were  the  readers of  foreign lan-
guages  forgotten  for a  booklet was prepared  and
printed in French, Italian,  German, Swedish, Danish,
Spanish, Polish, Hungarian, Greek, and Yiddish.   A
                       [70] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
small leaflet was distributed largely among the soldiers
in camps, hospitals and on transports entitled Facts of
Interest to the Disabled Soldier or Sailor.  It explained
what the government planned to do for him through
the agency of the Bureau of War Risk Insurance and
the Federal Board for Vocational Education.  It was
also printed as a poster to be displayed in public places.
These appeals to the  public for a just and intelligent
treatment  of  the  disabled soldier  and  sailor  were
printed and distributed to the number  of 7,864,000.
  An appeal to the eye was made by the printing of a
set  of eighteen  posters 28 x 42 inches in  size showing
striking pictures of cripples at various kinds of  work
with brief explanatory matter. These are designed for
hanging and offer a pictorial argument for the training
of cripples which never fails to attract attention.
  Other books  and pamphlets in large number have
been  issued by the Institute and  many reprints of
articles by Mr. McMurtrie in scientific journals have
been  distributed to those desiring them.  The  Dis-
abled  Soldier is the title of a 232-page book  by Mr.
McMurtrie that was published by the Macmillan Co.,
the type being set in the Institute print shop.  A book
on  motion  picture  projecting  by  Mr.  James R.
Cameron, instructor in motion picture operating, was
printed by the  Institute.  Carry On, a monthly maga-
zine that ran through ten numbers and was published
for  the Office  of the  Surgeon General of the United
States in the interests of the disabled soldier and sailor
was also set up in  the Institute composing-room.
  We are confident that the Institute has had a large
part,  through the literature it has issued, in moulding
                        [71] 
THREE  YEARS  OF WORK
public opinion regarding the possibilities of work for
the handicapped and in helping the country to  see
its duty towards the man who has received a handi-
cap through  the exigencies of war, by means of in-
dustrial accidents or because of disease.

                PUBLICITY SERVICE
  In order that the help of the press might be secured
in educating the public  to the right attitude towards
the disabled man a publicity service was established
early  in 1918 under the direction of Mr. Howard R.
Heydon and  conducted with  vigor for over a  year.
Articles were prepared for  trade journals and special
publications by a staff of volunteer writers directed by
the Institute, many of them illustrated by photographs
collected from various parts of the world.  A  news
service was maintained for the principal New  York
and Brooklyn papers and for several newspaper syndi-
cates.  A specially selected list of 1,100 newspapers
received  matter of general interest to the American
public and suggestions were sent to editorial writers
as to comment that might be helpful to the cause of
the disabled.   By means  of 'letters  to the editor'
matters of interest were brought to the attention of
the public.   Illustrated articles in prominent maga-
zines of wide circulation carried the story of work for
the handicapped to millions of readers in all parts of
the country.   Photographs were furnished to writers
and papers wishing for illustrative material and human
interest stories were used with telling effect.
  The public platform was used to bring the subject
to  the attention of interested  groups  in many  cities.
[72] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
A public speakers' service was maintained for a time,
the volunteers receiving instruction in a special course
at the Institute.  More than three hundred meetings
were addressed by twenty-six different speakers and
attended by many thousands of persons.
  The Institute prepared eighty-five sets of twenty-six
lantern slides each descriptive of work for the disabled
for  the use of its speakers and for others desiring to
use them.   It also has  twenty-two reels of motion
pictures showing work for disabled soldiers abroad and
in Canada and also how some celebrated American
cripples have made good.

             THE WOMEN'S COMMITTEE
  The Institute received valued help in its work from
a group of women brought together in December, 1917,
by members of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae.
This Women's Committee of the Red Cross Institute,
with  some thirty-four members, assisted in various
activities.  A speakers'  bureau was maintained and
several women were trained to speak on work for the
disabled and furnished to organizations and meetings
wishing to hear about the subject.  An executive sec-
retary and stenographer were engaged to  arrange the
speaking engagements and to supply photographs and
lantern slides.   Members  of  the Committee helped
with  the industrial survey by visiting between four
and five hundred factories, distributing literature on
the subject,  and soliciting the interest of employers.
They  raised funds for  the publication of leaflets in
foreign languages and for  some of the social work of
the Institute.  An athletic club formed at the Insti-
[73] 
THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
tute has been provided by the Committee with equip-
ment for out-of-door sports in a vacant space adjoining
the building.  When the work of the Institute became
somewhat specialized the need for such an organization
was less apparent and its activities were discontinued
after a period of about six months.
  Mention is made on page  22 of a special fund used
to enable needy persons to purchase artificial limbs
on the installment plan.  This fund is perpetuating
the work of the  Women's Committee.  By its help
forty-four persons have been enabled to secure  arti-
ficial limbs.  Of this number, nine have already com-
pleted their payments.
  INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REHABILITATION
  The  Institute felt that a conference on the general
subject of the rehabilitation  of the disabled would be
particularly helpful to those engaged in some form of
work for the handicapped. The counsel and advice of
those  who had  already become experts in this field,
especially abroad, would be  valuable in giving direc-
tion and impetus to  the work in  this country.  The
governmental authorities of the principal allied coun-
tries were consulted and when their  cooperation was
assured plans were made for a conference to be held
in New York City, March 18 to 21, 1919.   A program
was arranged in cooperation with the Red Cross In-
stitute for the Blind, the Federal Board for Vocational
Education, and the Office of the Surgeon  General of
the United States Army.  Delegates  were  sent to the
conference by the French Ministry of War, the Belgian
Ministry of War, the Italian Ministry of Pensions, the
[74] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
British Ministry of Pensions, the British Ministry of
Labor, the Canadian Department of Soldiers' Civil
Re-establishment,  and the Canadian  Department of
Militia and Defense.
  Technical sessions covering all phases of the subject
were held in the  Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.  Speakers
from the Office of the Surgeon  General, U. S. Army,
the Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education,  the
Bureau of War Risk Insurance,  the  American Red
Cross, and various other organizations took part in
the discussions.
  Two popular sessions were held in  Carnegie Hall,
March 19 and  21.  On  Sunday, March 23,  a mass
meeting was arranged at the Hippodrome by the New
York County Chapter of the American Red Cross at
which a large number of disabled soldiers were present,
being brought from the different military hospitals by
the women of the Motor Corps.  The Hon. Charles E.
Hughes presided and addresses  were made by promi-
nent speakers. Some celebrated cripples demonstrated
how they had overcome their handicaps.
  After  the close of the  conference the foreign dele-
gates  were taken  to Washington, Baltimore, Phila-
delphia, and Boston, in  which cities  large meetings
were held under local Red Cross auspices.

                 NORMAL TRAINING
  A new field has  been opened  for social workers and
as the work of rehabilitating the disabled civilian de-
velops, as it surely will, there will be a growing demand
for trained workers.  To an understanding of the prin-
ciples and  methods of social work must be added a
[75] 
THREE  YEARS OF  WORK
knowledge of the work limitations imposed by various
forms of physical  disability, how remaining powers
may be utilized and developed, and the opportunities
offered in industry for the employment of handicapped
persons.  No course has as  yet been offered by any
institution to prepare trained workers for this growing
field.  The Institute has been so engrossed in the actual
work of caring for the disabled themselves that it has
not seen its way clear to undertake  normal training
along this line.  To the many inquiries it receives  as
to where a person may prepare himself for entering
upon this work it  has had to reply that save in the
field of occupational therapy, which is  outside the
scope of the  work of the Institute,  no  facilities are
offered for special training.  Individual workers have
from time to time been attached to the staff of the
Institute and have used the knowledge  so gained  to
find other employment in this field of endeavor.
  One  group of workers was offered  special  facilities
for becoming acquainted with work for the disabled
in the summer of 1918.  At the request of the Federal
Board  for Vocational Education a group  of twenty-
five men and women including representatives of that
board,  the office of the Surgeon General, the Depart-
ment of Labor, the United States Employees' Com-
pensation Commission, and the American  Federation
of Labor gathered  at the Institute May  21, 1918.  A
week was spent at the Institute studying the available
material under the direction of Dr. James C. Miller,
Director of Technical Education for  the  Province  of
Alberta.  Under his  leadership  the party was taken
on a trip through Canada which included  Ottawa,
                       [76] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
 Montreal, Toronto, Saskatoon, Edmonton,  Calgary,
 and Winnipeg.  The party was afforded by the Cana-
 dian government every facility for seeing the work
 done for the rehabilitation of the  wounded Canadian
 soldier, both from a physical and educational point of
 view.  A final week was spent at the Institute review-
 ing the experience of the trip. The entire expenses of
 the trip were met by Mr. Jeremiah Milbank.  Several
 who had the benefit of the course were given  positions
 of leadership in the work of the government for dis-
 abled soldiers and sailors.
  As the various states address themselves to  the work
 of caring  for disabled civilians the  need for normal
 training of a kind calculated to fit workers for this
 field of endeavor  will be increasingly felt.
                    LEGISLATION
  Out of the experiences of war and the manifest duty
of caring for the defenders of the country's liberties
who have been maimed in its service comes  the very
clear conviction  that  those  who  are  maimed in its
industries and those who are rendered industrially un-
productive by accident and disease must be assisted
to find a place in the  work-a-day world where  their
residuary  powers and capabilities  may be put to the
best account.  This  conviction is being wrought into
definite plans in various  cities and states.  A long
neglected  duty is clamoring for action.
  The brief experience of the Institute in dealing with
 the problem of the  disabled has given it some very
definite ideas of measures that should be included in
 a state's plan for the care of its cripples.  Those  ideas
were embodied in a bill which  was drafted at the
                       [77] 
THREE  YEARS  OF WORK
Institute by Mr. Howard R. Heydon and the direc-
tor and presented  to  the New Jersey legislature.
When enacted into law, April 10, 1919, it became the
first comprehensive state plan looking to the rehabil-
itation of disabled civilians.
  An energetic  legislative campaign was carried on
by Mr. Heydon and  similar bills were introduced into
other state legislatures with the result that Illinois,
Pennsylvania, and New York now have laws embody-
ing the essential features of the original  bill drafted
at the Institute.  The  interest aroused in the duty
of the state to rehabilitate its  disabled civilians has
resulted in some legislative  provision to this end in
California, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, North
Dakota, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Virginia.
  Many other states will undoubtedly soon take legis-
lative action in order to avail themselves of the pro-
visions of the Fess-Kenyon bill, recently passed by
Congress, whereby those states that  adopt plans for
the rehabilitation of those 'disabled in  industry or
otherwise' which meet  the approval of the Federal
Board for Vocational Education shall receive annually
from the federal treasury a certain sum of money to
be expended for this  work when met by a correspond-
ing appropriation by the state.  Each  state desiring to
avail itself of the provisions of this act must formulate
some plan for caring for crippled civilians.

  It will be seen by this report that  the activities of
the Institute have covered a wide range.  It has tried
to envisage the  whole problem of work for the  man
[78] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
with an orthopedic handicap, and to gain some experi-
ence that might be useful in helping forward this very
necessary and tremendously appealing work. To place
another opportunity before the man who has dropped
out of the  race because of a physical injury  and to
teach him  to use his remaining powers to the best
advantage  is the  Institute's conception  of its work.
Therefore we call it "The School of Another Chance."
[79] 
THREE   YEARS  OF  WORK
               Staff of the Institute
John Culbert Faries..............Director
Florence S. Sullivan........Advisor in Field Work
Mrs. G. P. Knapp..............Field Worker
Frances C. Evans  (on leave).........Field Worker
Eleanor L. Gates..............Field Worker
Lillian A. Shadd..............Field Worker
Gertrude R. Stein.........Employment Secretary
Hannah Baumann......Assistant Employment Secretary
Clara Greenhut......Assistant Employment Secretary
Henry Braxton............Press Representative
Mrs. A. Alden Seabury........Secretary to Director
Mary H. Davis................Accountant
Johanna L. Olschewsky............Librarian
Nancie T. Pharr.............Office Assistant
Ada Melnikoff...............Stenographer
Inez F. Rodimon   ......Instructor, Monotype Keyboard
Wesly Lockwood.......Instructor, Monotype Casting
W. A. Burkhardt.........Instructor, Composition
Jackson Meyers..........Instructor, Press Work
William Schoenberg........Assistant, Press Room
James F. Cameron  .... Instructor, Motion Picture Projection
Fred Bauer . .  . Assistant Instructor, Motion Picture Projection
John Koestner..........Instructor, Jewelry Work
James Walters......Instructor Oxy-acetylene Welding
H. C. Kruse.........Instructor, Typewriter Repair
Ethel M. Johnson.....Instructor,  Telephone Operating
Roy Gregg...........Instructor, Nickel Plating
H. C. Brunner...........Instructor, Enameling
Clement Brayton.............Business Agent
Frank Sally..........Superintendent, Limb Shop
William Schlegel........Office Assistant, Limb Shop
William Hunsinger.......Leather Worker, Limb Shop
Jacob Kunkel...........Machinist, Limb Shop
Henri Gallins.........Leather Worker, Limb Shop
August Stein................Limb  Maker
Andreas Meszaros.............Limb  Maker
Charles Wettergren............Limb  Maker
[80] 
            FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN

                Institute Publications

                   official publications

Series I, No. 1.  A bibliography of the war cripple.  By Douglas
    C. McMurtrie.  Issued January 4, 1918.
Series I, No. 2. The economic consequences of physical disability;
    a case study of civilian cripples in New York City. By John
    Culbert Faries.  Issued January 18, 1918.*
Series I, No. 3.   Memorandum on provision for disabled soldiers
    in New Zealand.  By  Douglas C. McMurtrie.   Issued
    January 26,  1918.*
Series I, No. 4.  A statistical consideration of the number of men
    crippled in war and disabled in industry.  By I. M. Rubinow.
    Issued February 14, 1918.
Series I, No. 5.   The French system for return to civilian life of
    crippled and discharged soldiers.  By John L. Todd.  Issued
    February 28, 1918.
Series I, No. 6.  Tourvielle; A trade school for war cripples.   By
    Gustave Hirschfeld.  Translated by Gladys Gladding
    Whiteside.  Issued March 22, 1918.
Series I, No. 7.  The development in England of a state system
    for the care of  the  disabled soldier.  By John Culbert
    Faries.  Issued March 29, 1918.
Series I, No. 8.  Training in English technical schools for disabled
    soldiers.  By John Culbert Faries. Issued April 22, 1918.
Series I, No. 9.  Placement technique in the employment work
    of the Red Cross Institute for  Crippled and Disabled Men.
    By Gertrude R. Stein.   Issued May 6, 1918.
Series I, No. 10.  The relation of the short, intensive industrial
    survey to the problem of soldier re-education.   By G. A.
    Boate. Issued May 6, 1918.
Series I, No. 11. The vocational school for disabled soldiers at
    Rouen, France.  By J.  Breuil.   Translated by  Gladys
    Gladding Whiteside.  Issued May 13, 1918.
Series I, No. 12.  Provision for war cripples in Italy.  By Ruth
    Underhill. Issued  May 31, 1918.
[81] 
            THREE  YEARS   OF  WORK

Series I,  No. 13.  Provision for war cripples in Germany.  By
    Ruth Underhill.  Issued June 8, 1918.*
Series I,  No. 14.  Provision for vocational re-education of dis-
    abled soldiers in France. By Gladys Gladding Whiteside.
    Issued June 15, 1918.*
Series I, No. 15.  Provision for the re-education of Belgian war
    cripples.   By Gladys Gladding Whiteside.  Issued July
    17, 1918.*
Series I, No. 16.  Opportunities for the employment of disabled
    men.  Preliminary survey of the piano, leather, rubber, paper
    goods, shoe, sheet metal goods, candy, drug and chemical,
    cigar, silk, celluloid, optical goods, and motion picture indus-
    tries.  Prepared by the Department of Industrial Survey of
    the Red Cross Institute for  Crippled and Disabled Men
    under the direction of Helen  E.  Redding.   Issued July
    24, 1918.
Series II, No. 1.   Vocational re-education for war cripples  in
    France.  By Grace S.  Harper.  Issued  March 4, 1918.*
Series II,  No. 2  Principles of design and construction of artificial
    legs.  By Philip Wilson,  Issued July 10, 1918.*
Series II,  No. 3.  Education and occupations of cripples, juvenile
    and adult.  A survey of all the cripples of Cleveland, Ohio,
    in 1916.   Reported by Lucy Wright and Amy M.  Ham-
    burger.  Issued October 15, 1918.*
Series II, No.  4.   Employment opportunities for handicapped
    men  in  the coppersmithing trade.  By  Bert J. Morris.
    Issued December 23, 1918.*
Series II, No. 5.  Bedside and wheel-chair occupations.  By
    Herbert J. Hall.  Issued February 25,  1919.
Series II, No.  6.   Employment opportunities for handicapped
    men  in the optical  goods industry.   By Bert J. Morris.
    Issued March 10, 1919.
Series II,  No. 7. Opportunities for handicapped men in the brush
    industry.  By Charles H. Paull.  Issued May 1, 1919.*
Series II, No.  8.  Opportunities for the employment of handi-
    capped men in the shoe industry.  By Frederick J. Allen.
    Issued May 15, 1919.*
[82] 
            FOR   HANDICAPPED   MEN

Series  II, No. 9.   Opportunities  for handicapped men  in the
    rubber  industry.   By Bert  J. Morris and Charles H.
    Paull.  Issued June 14, 1919.*

                    special publications

Cameron, James R.  Instruction of disabled men in motion pic-
    ture projection. An elementary textbook.  1919.  $2.00 net.
Faries, John Culbert.  An American plan for the disabled.  A
    record and interpretation of the activities of the  Red Cross
    Institute for Crippled and Disabled Men.  1919.
McMurtrie,  Douglas C. Care of crippled soldiers and sailors.
    A letter published in the New York Evening Post of August
    31, 1917.
--------.  The duty of the employer in the reconstruction of the
    crippled soldier.  1918.
--------.  The duty of the medical profession in the reconstruc-
    tion of the war cripple.   1918.
--------.  Experience in the re-education of disabled soldiers in
    Great Britain.   1919.
--------.  A graphic exhibit on rehabilitation of the crippled and
    the blinded.  Issued jointly by the Red Cross Institute for
    Crippled and Disabled Men and the Red Cross Institute for
    the Blind.  1919.*
--------.  Is dental mechanics a wise trade in which to train
    crippled soldiers?   1917.*
--------.  Making crippled soldiers into  skilled and able work-
    men.
       Translations issued  in Danish, French, German, Greek,  Hungarian,
    Italian. Polish, Spanish, Swedish, and Yiddish.
--------.  The organization, work, and method of the Red Cross
    Institute  for Crippled and Disabled Men.  1918.
________.  --------.   1918.   2. edition.
.________.  Reconstructing the crippled soldier.  1918.*
________.  The rehabilitation of the disabled civilian. Testimony
    submitted to the Joint Committee on Education and Labor of
    the Senate and the House of  Representatives in hearing on
    the Bankhead-Smith bill, December 10-12, 1918.
_--------.   Rehabilitation of the war cripple.  1918.*
[83] 
            THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK

McMurtrie,  Douglas C.   The relation  of  earning  power to
    award of  compensation  for disability incurred in military
    or naval service.  A memorandum  on  the pensions practice
    of other nations.  Prepared at the request of the Bureau of
    War Risk Insurance.  1919.
--------.  The responsibility of the clergy in  the reconstruction
    of the crippled soldier.  1918.
--------.  A square deal for the crippled soldier.  1918.
--------.  A training course in vocational re-education of dis-
    abled soldiers and sailors.  1918.
--------.  Your  duty to the war cripple.  1918.
An American program for the rehabilitation of disabled soldiers.
    1918.
Do you want us to teach you a trade?  1919.*
Facts of interest to the disabled soldier  and sailor.  1919.
--------.  (Also  issued as broadside.)
An international  conference on rehabilitation of the disabled,
    New York City, March  18 to March 22, 1919.
International conference on rehabilitation of the disabled.  Under
    the auspices of the Red Cross Institute for Crippled and
    Disabled  Men and the  Red  Cross Institute for the Blind.
    Official program.  1919.
Introduction in Congress of measure providing for the vocational
    rehabilitation of war cripples.  1918.
New Jersey.  Legislature. An act to create a commission for the
    rehabilitation of physically  handicapped persons  and to
    define its duties and powers.  Introduced  February 25, 1919,
    by Mr. Arthur Whitney.   1919.  (Senate no. 118.)
      Reprint of New Jersey bill.
A  proposed act to extend federal aid  to the states in making
    provision  for the rehabilitation of physically  handicapped
    persons.
                        periodicals

Thumbs Up!  A periodical in the interests of the disabled.  Pub-
    lished by the United Association of Handicapped Men.*
Handicapped  Worker.  Issued occasionally.*
[84] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED   MEN
translations  of addresses  by foreign delegates  at the
       international conference on rehabilitation
                    of the disabled, 1919
Alleman, Louis.    Compulsory  education  for  Belgian  war
    cripples.
--------■.  Methods of training.
--------•  Methods of training;  Belgium.
--------.  National organization of rehabilitation of the dis-
    abled; Belgium.
--------.  Placement  of the disabled in employment.
--------.  Provision for the blind in Belgium.
--------.  Provision of artificial limbs and prostheses.
--------.  Provision of artificial limbs and prostheses; Belgium.
--------.  Relation of pension compensation or other allowances
    to rehabilitation;  Belgium.
--------.  Should vocational re-education begin in the hospital?
--------.  Training after discharge in special  schools or classes
    versus training in standard institutions.
--------.  Vocational counsel.
Bourrillon, Maurice. Education of the public.
--------.  Interests of employers in rehabilitation; France.
--------.  Interests of organized labor in rehabilitation.
--------.  Methods of training.
--------.  Methods of training.
--------.  National organization of rehabilitation for the dis-
    abled; France.
--------.  Placement of the disabled in employment.
--------.  Rehabilitation of the tuberculous.
________.  Relation of pension, compensation, or other allow-
    ances to rehabilitation.
.________.  Should serious training be started  in hospital or de-
    ferred until after military and medical discharge?
________  Training after discharge in special  schools or classes
    versus training in  standard institutions.
         .  Training the disabled civilian.
________Work of the Permanent Committee  and Interallied
     Institute for  the  study of questions pertaining to disabled
     soldiers.
[85] 
THREE  YEARS   OF  WORK
Dronsart,  Edmond.   Encouragement  of men  to undertake
    training.
--------.  Influence of the discharged disabled soldier in France.
--------.  Re-education of mutiles in the school at Montpellier.
--------.  Should  serious training be  started  in  hospital  or
    deferred until after military and medical discharge?
--------.  Training the disabled civilian.
           Vocational counsel.
Putti, Vittorio.  National organization of rehabilitation for the
    disabled;  Italy.
--------.  The utilization of the muscles of a stump to actuate
    artificial limbs;  cinematic amputations.
Treves, Andre.  Agricultural re-adaptation in France.
--------.  Methods of training.
--------.  Provision of artificial limbs and prostheses.
--------.  Rehabilitation of crippled children;  in France.

  Note.  Publications  marked  with an  asterisk (*)  are still
available and will be mailed to those requesting them as long as
the limited supply lasts.
[86] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
Appendix
sources of applicants to employment department
                    1918-1919
Publicity (newspaper stories, advertisements,
  letters, signs, friends, etc.)
Social service organizations
Other applicants registered at the Institute
Other employment bureaus
Workmen's compensation bureau
Insurance companies
Hospitals
Miscellaneous

     Total
1918
1,262
1919
531	484
264	194
53	55
145	83
59	39
42	19
79	50
89	6
930
  sources of applicants to employment department, 1919

Publicity
    Ad in the World..............380
    Newspaper stories.............    60
    Letters to editors.............     8
    Sign on door...............    11
    Individuals................    12
    A friend.................    12
    Speakers' bureau.............     1
                                                 —  484
Social Service Organizations
    Charity Organization Society........    22
    Joint Application Bureau..........     6
    United Hebrew Charities..........    10
    Association for Improving Condition of the Poor    2
    Association for the Aid of Crippled Children .    11
    Federation of Associations for Cripples ....     8
    Board of Child Welfare..........     1
    United Jewish Aid of Brooklyn.......     2
    Red Cross  ................    50
    Prison Association.............     9
    Parole Commission............     3
    Y. M. C. A................     5
    Catholic Big Brothers...........     1
    Jewish Big Brothers............     1
    Boys'  Home...............     2
    Path School...............    13
[87] 
           THREE  YEARS   OF  WORK

    Jacob Riis Settlement...........     1
    Henry Street Settlement..........     2
    Newsboys' Home.............
    Hebrew Orphan Asylum..........
    Seamen's Institute   ............     2
    Bowery Mission..............     *
    Russian Seminary.............     1
    Free Synagogue..............     *■
    Committee of Vocational Guidance.....     1
    League for the Hard of Hearing.......
    Lighthouse for the Blind..........     1
    Employment Bureau for the Handicapped  .  .    11
    Red Cross Institute for Crippled Men  ....    24


Other applicants registered at Institute.....

Employment Bureaus
    U. S. Employment Service.........    66
    Re-employment Bureau  ..........     2
    U.  S. Employees'  Compensation Commission    1
    Federal Board for Vocational Education  ...     2
    State Employment Bureau.........     5
    National  Employment Exchange......     1
    Junior Employment Service........     6

Workmen's Compensation Commission......

Hospitals
    Bellevue.................    15
    City...................     1
    Clinic for Functional Re-education.....    10
    Italian..................     1
    Kings  County..............     1
    Metropolitan...............     2
    Montefiore Home.............     1
    Mt. Sinai  ................     7
    New York Dispensary...........    2
    Post Graduate..............     3
    Presbyterian...............    1
    Ruptured and Crippled..........    1
    St. Luke's  ................    2
    Vanderbilt Clinic.............    2
    Volunteer................    1

Insurance Companies
    War Risk Insurance Bureau........     1
    State Insurance Fund...........     1

                           [88] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
Employers' Liability Insurance Company
Aetna Insurance Company......
Globe Insurance Company......
New York Casualty Company  ....
Manufacturers Liability Company ...
U. S. Casualty Company.......
Miscellaneous
    East Side Free School  .  .
    Western Electric Company
    Individual doctors ....
19
placements classified according to  disabilities
         january, 1918, to january,  1920
                Right arm
Building maintenance, 33:
  Doorman    ......
  Elevator operator  .  .  .
  Fireman.......
  Porter........
  Switchboard operator   .
  Watchman......
Clerical work, 10:
  Checker.......
  Clerk........
  Stock clerk......
Technical work, 4:
  Draftsman......
amputated (84 men)
     Trade work, 14:
 4     Button sorter.....1
 7     Machine tender  ....   2
 1     Novelties.......1
 7     Rubber sorter.....1
 3     Toys.........1
11     Varnisher, painter, etc. .   5
       Welder........2
       Woodworker.....1
Miscellaneous, 23:
  Office boy......1
  Messenger......20
  News stand......2
Left arm amputated (80 men)
Building maintenance, 30:
  Doorman    ......2
  Elevator operator  ...   5
  Handy man......1
  Laborer.......1
  Porter........5
  Relief man, subway  .  .   1
  Stable man......1
  Switchboard operator  .   4
  Watchman......10
Clerical work, 4:
  Office boy......1
  Salesman or collector .  .   3
Professional and technical, 8:
  Building inspector ...   1
  Draftsman......3
  Electrical engineer ...  1
  Insurance inspector  .  .  1
  Recreation director  .  .  1
  Social worker.....1
Trade work, 17:
  Buttons.......2
  Metal.......3
  Nickel plater.....1
  Packer ........  1
  Painting.......4
  Pencils (milling, drilling,
    etc.)........3
  Polishers, metal ....  2
  Welder........1
Miscellaneous,  21:
  Messenger......21
[89] 
THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
One arm partially disabled (217 men) i
Building maintenance, 91:
  Caretaker......1
  Doorman    ......5
  Elevator operator  ...  22
  Fireman, assistant ...   1
  Gateman.......1
  Handy man......3
  Houseman......3
  Porter........25
  Sweeper.......1
  Switchboard operator     1
  Watchman......26
  Window cleaner ....   1
  Yardman.......1
Clerical work, 26:
  Cashier........2
  Charge  of records  ...   1
  Checker.......1
  Clerk........11
  Errand  boy......4
  Office boy......1
  Postoffice clerk  ....   1
  Salesman.......1
  Shipping clerk.....2
  Stock and time clerk .  .   2
Technical, 3:
  Lithographer.....2
  Draftsman......1
Trade work, 58:
  Addressing......
  Biscuit  factory  ....
  Button  factory  ....
  Cabinet worker  ....
  Chemical factory  .  .  .
  Drill press......2
  Dye factory......1
  Electric specialties ...  1
  Film inspector   ....  5
  Furniture  (boring   ma-
    chine)   .......1
  Glass lapping.....1
  Machine shop.....2
  Machine welding  ... 10
  Mattress factory   ...  1
  Millinery factory  ...  1
  Motion-picture operator  2
  Novelty factory ....  2
  Operator, ladies' waists .  1
  Optical (learner) ....  1
  Packer ........  1
  Painter........1
  Paint factory.....2
  Pasting clippings  ...  1
  Pencil  factory.....3
  Piano factory.....3
  Repairing vacuums  .  .  1
  Shoe factory.....1
  Toy  factory   .....4
  Wicker furn. (learner)  .  1
  Wire machine.....1
  Woodworker.....3

Miscellaneous, 39:
  Car cleaner (taxi)  ...  1
  Chauffeur......1
  Farm laborer.....1
  Guard duty......3
  Kitchen  man.....5
  Laborer.......1
  Messenger......26
  Trucking.......1
' Including paralysis, fractures, finger amputations, deformed arms, etc.
Both legs amputated or paralyzed (84 men)
Building maintenance, 9:
  Elevator operator  ...  6
  Switchboard operator   .  3

Clerical and technical, 10:
  Cashier........1
Checker.......1
Clerical   .......2
Draftsman......2
Stenographer.....3
Typist........1
[90] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED   MEN
Trade work, 65:
  Jewelry, etc., 4:
    Gilding.......1
    Silversmith (learner)  .  1
    Stone setter.....1
    Watch repairing ...  1
  Metals and machinery, 6:
    Metals.......3
    Soldering......3
  Woodworking and furn., 8:
    Air-brush worker   .  .  2
    Mirror polishing ...  1
    Piano actions  ...  3
    Wicker furniture   .  .  1
    Woodworking  ....  1
  Other trade work, 47:
    Auto  governor   ...  1
    Bindery   ......  1
    Buttons......2
Building maintenance, 44:
  Domestic......   1
  Doorman    ......1
  Elevators.......21
  Fireman.......2
  Gateman.......1
  Houseman......1
  Kitchen man.....2
  Night man......1
  Pantry  helper.....1
  Switchboard operator  .   9
  Watchman......4
Clerical,  professional, and
    technical, 41:
  Addresser.......2
  Bookkeeper......2
  Caretaker, truant school  1
  Checker.......1
  Clerk........13
  Draftsman......2
  Engraver.......3
  Filing clerk......1
  Hotel clerk......2
  Information clerk ...   1
  Night clerk......2
Dolls........   2
Electrical specialties  .   4
Film inspector   ...   1
Fire extinguisher   .  .   2
Flags   .......2
Fountain pens ....   8
Furrier.......1
Gold pens.....1
Hardware polishing  .   1
Jewelry cases  ....   1
Mechanic......1
Novelties......4
Paper fasteners  ...   1
Press clippings   ...   5
Rubber.......1
Thermometers   ...   2
Tools.......1
Toys........3
Typewriter assembling   1
Whistles......1
Postoffice clerk . .	. . 2
Shipping clerk . . .	4
Stenographer . . .	. . 1
Stock clerk ....	2
Time keeper . . .	. . 2
rade work, 266:	
Air brush.....	. . 1
Ammunition . . .	. . 1
Artificial limbs . .	. . 10
Auto governors . .	. . 1
Automobiles . . .	. . 1
Auto radiators . .	. . 2
Batteries.....	. . 1
Bindery .....	. . 1
Book covers . . .	. . 2
Braids......	. . 1
Brass......	. . 3
Brushes .....	. . 15
Buttons.....	. . 17
Cabinet maker	. . 1
Candy ......	. . 4
Cans (soldering) . .	. . 1
Celluloid (buffer) .	. . 1
Cigar rolling . . .	. . 1
Clothing.....	. . 1
One leg amputated (368 men)
[91] 
THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
	4
Crating furniture . . .	1
Dictograph assembling ,	1
	1
Dolls.........	4
Drill press......	4
Electrical specialties . .	14
Expansion bolt (em'y wh'l) 2	
	1
	1
Fire extinguishers . . .	8
Flags ........	1
Flowers (varnishing) . .	1
	1
Fountain pens.....	14
Gas iron.......	1
Gold pens......	1
Handkerchiefs (cutting)	1
Hospital supplies (bench)	1
Kitchen utensils (bench)	2
Lace and nettings . . .	1
Lacquering switchboard .	2
	1
	1
Leather (punching) . .	3
	1
Machinist......	11
Mechanic's helper . . .	1
Millinery.......	4
Motor brushes ....	1
	10
Nuts (shelling) ....	1
Packer, department store	2
Building maintenance, 33:
  Domestic.......1
  Doorman.......2
  Elevator operator  ...  14
  Kitchen man.....1
  Porter........6
  Switchboard operator   .   4
  Watchman......5
Clerical and  technical, 12:
  Assistant shipping clerk .   1
  Clerk........5
  Paper........2
  Pasting clippings^  ...   6
  Patterns (machinist)  .  .   1
  Pencils ........   2
  Pianos (assembling)  .  .  16
  Picture frames (painting)   3
  Polishing hardware   .  .   8
  Post cards......2
  Printing machine  ...   2
  Shoes........5
  Solderer.......1
  Surgical  .  . >.....1
  Talking machines  ...   1
  Thermometers.....1
  Toys.........8
  Typewriters ......   2
  Typewriter repairer  .  .   3
  Watches (learners)  ...   2
  Welding.......26
  Whistles.......1
  Willow work.....1
  Wire factory.....3
  Woodworking.....1
Miscellaneous, 17:
  Chauffeur, department
    store........1
  Drivers........2
  Farm........1
  Film inspector   ....   8
  Locksmith......1
  Plumber's assistant  .  .   1
  Salesman.......2
  Waiter........1
  Draftsman, maps   ...   1
  Electrical inspector   .  .   1
  Index room clerk   ...   1
  Information clerk  ...   1
  Salesman.......1
  Time clerk......1
Trade work, 26:
  Blue prints......1
  Bookbinder......1
  Buttons.......1
  Dolls.........1
Paralysis of right or left side (90 men)
[92] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
Drill press  .  .  .
Electric novelties
Film inspector
Gold pens   .  .  .
Metal worker  .  .
Painting flowers .
Painting furniture
Pencils.....
Polishing hardware
  Toys.........2
  Woodworker.....3
Miscellaneous, 19:
  Delivery man.....1
  Embroiderer.....1
  Messenger......14
  News stand......2
  Ticket agent.....1
Spinal injuries and Potts disease (84 men)
Building maintenance, 12:
  Doorman   ......1
  Elevator operator   ...   3
  Floor man......1
  Gate keeper......1
  Hall man.......1
  Kitchen man.....1
  Switchboard operator   .   1
  Watchman......3
Clerical and technical, 12:
  Addressing clerk ....   1
  Clerk........4
  Draftsman......2
  Errand clerk.....1
  Receiving clerk  ....   1
  Shipping clerk.....3
Trade work, 59:
  Brass (helper).....1
  Brushes   .......   2
  Clippings.......6
  Electric batteries   ...   1
  Electric irons (repairer)  .   1
  Electric specialties  ...   5
  Factory.......1
  Film inspector   ....   3
  Fire extinguishers  ...   5
  Flags   ........1
  Fountain pens.....8
  Gilding........1
  Glass blower (learner) .   1
  Hardware......1
  Jeweler (learner)   ...   1
  Leather   .......   2
  Machinist......2
  Metal........4
  Motion-picture operator  1
  Nut cracker......1
  Pianos  ........   2
  Post cards  ....
  Shoes   ......
  Solderer.....
  Talking machines  .
  Type .......
  Woodworking .  .  .

Miscellaneous, 1:
  Messenger  ....
Locomotor ataxia (14 men)
Building maintenance, 1:
  Gateman.......1

Clerical, 4:
  Adding-machine operator   1
  Cashier........1
  Night clerk......1
  Salesman.......1
Trade work, 9:
  Buttons.......2
  Dolls (painting) ....
  Factory.......
  Fountain pens.....
  Pianos  ........
  Polishing metal  ....
  Power press (hair wavers)
  Typewriter repair  .  .  .
[93] 
THREE  YEARS  OF  WORK
Hernia (19 men)
Building maintenance, 12:
  Doorman    ......1
  Elevator operator  ...   6
  Engineer, apartment .  .   1
  Engineer, wire works .  .   1
  Porter........3
Clerical, 2:
  Errands.......1
  Route clerk    .....1
Trade work, 2:
  Hardware   .  .
  Paper fasteners
Miscellaneous, 3:

  Candy stand.....1
  Messenger......2
Lameness (774 men and boys)
Building maintenance, 186:
  Assistant janitor ....  3
  Coal passer......1
  Domestic.......1
  Doorman    ......7
  Elevator operator  ... 73
  Engineer, apartment .  .  2
  Gateman.......1
  Guard........1
  Handy man......1
  Houseman......5
  Kitchen assistant  ... 12
  Porter........30
  Telephone operator  .  . 17
  Usher........1
  Waiter........1
  Watchman......30

Clerical, etc, 95:
  Addressograph   ....  2
  Billing clerk.....2
  Bookkeeper and stenog-
    rapher  .......6
  Cashier........12
  Charge of office  ....  5
  Checker.......6
  Clerk........21
  Draftsman......3
  Errand boy......1
  Filing clerk......1
  Hotel clerk......10
  Index clerk......1
  Night clerk......9
  Receiving clerk  ....  1
  Shipping clerk.....6
  Stock clerk......5
  Timekeeper......3
  Typist........1

Trade work, 469:
  Electric specialties, 50:
    Batteries  ......  1
    Electric repairer
      (vacuums)  ....  2
    Electric specialties .   .41
    Flash-lights.....1
    Wiring fixtures  ...  5
  Jewelry and watches, 20:
    Optician (learner)  .   .  1
    Polisher and learner   . 15
    Watch repairer  ...  4

  Metal and machinery, 90:
    Assembling.....3
    Bench work.....4
    Drill press.....6
    Foot press.....8
    Grinder......2
    Inspector......2
    Machinist.....16
    Metal worker .... 18
    Motor repairer  ...  2
    Polisher......1
    Solderer......8
    Surgical instruments  .  1
    Tinsmith......1
    Tool-room clerk ...  1
    Welder.......17
[94] 
FOR  HANDICAPPED  MEN
Woodworking and furn
  Air brush work  .  .
  Artificial limb maker
  Picture frames
  Scraping varnish
  Woodworking .
Other trade work, 294
  Airplanes .  .  .
  Auto governors
  Baking powder
  Ball bearing
  Bindery   .  .  .
  Bird cages  .  ,
  Brush  factory
  Button factory
  Chain  manufacturing
  Changeable signs  (as
    sembling) .  .
  Clipping bureau
  Combs ....
  Cord and tassels
  Cork manufacturing
  Doll factory
  Dress  forms
  Film examiner
  Fire extinguishers
  Flags   . .  .
  Flowers   .  .
  Flowers  (painting)
  Fountain pens .
  Furs.....
  Gas masks  .  .
  Glass lappers  .
  Hardware  .  .
  Indexes   .  .  .
  Lace (assorting)
  Lamp  factory .
  Laundry folder
  Lead.....
  Leather belts  .
15:
  2
  4
  2
  1
  6

  1
  4
  1
  1
  1
  2
 20
 12
  1

  1
 13
  2
  1
  1
  5
  1
  9
 14
  1
  1
  3
 51
  1
  1
  2
  1
  1
  3
  6
  2
  1
  8
    Magnetos (assembling)  2
    Mattresses.....2
    Millinery......1
    Mitts.......2
    Multicolor.....1
    Nickel plating (buffing)  1
    Novelties......14
    Packer.......11
    Paint manufacturing  .  1
    Paper boxes.....2
    Pattern making
      (bronze).....1
    Pencils.......8
    Perfumes......1
    Pianos (bench work)  .  20
    Pillows.......1
    Plate washing (engrav-
      ing)  .......2
    Pocketbooks   ....  1
    Polishers, hardware  .  8
    Printing (feeder)   .  .  1
    Razor blades   ....  1
    Shoe lasts.....5
    Stenciling post cards  .  1
    Tailor........1
    Thermometers   ...  3
    Toy factory .  .  .  .  .12
    Type manufacturing  .  1
    Typewriter factory ..11
    Umbrella handles  .  .  5
    Whistles......1
    Wire work (florists')    1
Miscellaneous, 24:
  Chauffeur  ......  1
  Driver........9
  Gardener .......  1
  Messenger......9
  Salesman.......1
  Soda fountain clerk  .  .  1
  Ticket agent.....2
[95] 
Form of Bequest
   I  give and  bequeath  to  the  Institute  for
Crippled and Disabled Men, located in the City
of New York, the sum of                Dollars,
to be used as its Board of Trustees may determine. 
 
HV 3011 F224t 1920




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